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621
:
,
,
–
.
,
,
,
.
2.
.
:
,
,
.
:
ALTER TABLE
ADD {[COLUMN]
[(
)}
[CONSTRAINT
]
|
CONSTRAINT
}
DROP {[COLUMN]
i
CONSTRAINT
} }
ADD
,
DROP –
,
CONSTRAINT
.
19.61.
ALTER TABLE
ADD COLUMN [
]
(5)
:
CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX
ON
(
[
,
...])
[WITH { PRIMARY | DISALLOW NULL | IGNORE NULL }]
WITH
,
:
DISALLOW NULL –
;
IGNORE NULL –
,
.
19.62.
CREATE INDEX
ON
([
]) WITH DISALLOW NULL
3.
.
(
,
)
:
DROP TABLE
(
)
:
DROP INDEX
ON
19.63.
DROP INDEX
ON
–
DROP TABLE
–
4.
.
:
INSERT INTO
[(
1[,
2[,
...]])]
VALUES
1[,
2[,
...]);
622
,
,
,
.
19.64.
INSERT INTO
([
], [
], [
])
VALUES ("
", "
", 23/3/80)
(
),
(
)
:
INSERT INTO
[IN
]
SELECT [
.]
![,
2[,...]
FROM
WHERE
SELECT,
.
SELECT
-
,
FROM
,
,
WHERE –
.
,
.
(
)
,
,
,
,
).
19.65.
INSERT INTO
SELECT [
].* FROM [
-
]
[
]
.
.
.
19.66.
INSERT INTO
SELECT [
].* FROM [
-
] WHERE [
] >= #01/01/80#
[
]
,
.
5.
.
INNER JOIN
FROM.
,
:
,
:
FROM
1 INNER JOIN
2 ON
1.
1 =
2.
2
(no e1;
2).
,
.
:
LEFT JOIN (
)
–
"
"
"
"
,
;
RIGHT JOIN (
)
–
"
"
"
"
,
.
19.67.
SELECT
.*,
.* FROM
INNER JOIN
623
ON
.[
] =
.[
];
SELECT
.*,
.* FROM
LEFT JOIN
ON
. [
] =
. [
];
SELECT
.*,
.* FROM
RIGHT JOIN
ON
. [
] =
. [
];
[
].
,
(
)
.
.
–
,
.
JOIN
.
19.68.
SELECT
., .
.
. [
]
FROM (
INNER JOIN (
INNER JOIN
(
ON
. [
] =
. [
])
ON
.[
]=
. [
])
[
].
,
,
.
].
,
–
,
.
6.
.
,
.
:
DELETE [
.*] FROM
WHERE
:
DELETE * FROM
19.69.
DELETE * FROM
.
DELETE * FROM
WHERE [
]>#1.1.81#
,
]
.
,
:
:
DELETE
.* FROM
INNER JOIN
._
ON
, [
N
=
._
.[
] WHERE
19.70.
DELETE
.* From
INner JoIN [
]
624
ON
.[
]= [
]. [
]
,
].
.
Microsoft ACCESS
,
.
7.
(
)
.
,
:
UPDATE
SET
WHERE
19.71.
UPDATE
SET [
] = "1212"
WHERE [
] LIKE ' *' AND [
] < = #01/01/81#
,
,
1212.
UPDATE
INner JoIN [
] ON
. [
]=
]. [
] SET [
]= [
]&" "
,
],
.
SQL
SELECT
SELECT -
.
,
,
,
. (
. 19.9).
1 9 . 9 .
SELECT
:
ALL –
;
DISTINCT –
,
;
DISTINCTROW –
;
–
,
ORDER BY
,
1,
2
,
(
)
1,
2
FROM
,
(
)
–
[WHERE... ]
(
)
625
[GROUP BY... ]
(
– 10)
,
;
(
,
.) –
[HAVING... ]
(
GROUP BY...) –
[ORDER BY... ]
,
;
.
(ASC),
(DESC)
[WITH OWNERACCESS
OPTION]
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
(
),
–
.
SELECT
:
SELECT
] { *
|
.*
|
[
.]
1
[,
.]
2.[,...]]}
[AS
1 [,
2 [,
...]]]
FROM
[,...]
[IN
]
[WHERE... ]
[GROUP BY... ]
[HAVING... ]
[ORDER BY...]
[WITH OWNERACCESS OPTION]
SELECT
.
–
,
.
SELECT
.
SELECT
,
,
.
:
;
;
;
;
SQL.
19.72.
SELECT [
], [
] FROM
SELECT TOP 5 [
] FROM
SELECT TOP 5 [
] FROM
ORDER BY [
]
.
,
,
.
5
,
-
5
,
.
,
FROM,
. (
): [
].[
]
].[
] –
.
AS.
19.73.