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АНО ПО «Открытый социально-экономический колледж»
40.02.01. Право и организация социального обеспечения СОО
Английский язык СОО(2часть)
Практическое задание №2
Выполнил:
слушатель
Есипов В.Д.
Преподаватель: Богачева Е.О.
Тула-2023г
Практическое задание к разделу 2
Задание. Прочитайте и ПИСЬМЕННО переведите текст на русский язык, выполните задания, размещенные до и после текста ПИСЬМЕННО.
Warm up
What does history study? Is it important for people to know their past? Why? Что изучает история? Важно ли людям знать свое прошлое? Почему?
History is the study of change over time, and it covers all aspects of human society. Political, social, economic, scientific, technological, medical, cultural, intellectual, religious and military developments are all part of history. History gives us the opportunity to learn from others' past mistakes. It helps us understand the many reasons why people may behave the way they do. As a result, it helps us become more impartial as decision-makers.
What ancient civilizations do you know? Какие древние цивилизации вы знаете?
There are 7 ancient civilizations:
-
Sumerian Civilization -
Indus Valley Civilization -
Ancient Egypt -
Ancient and Early Imperial China -
Ancient Maya Civilization -
Ancient Greece -
Ancient Rome
What have ancient civilizations added to our current knowledge, technology, and understanding of the world? How different were they from one another? What did they have in common? Что древние цивилизации добавили к нашим нынешним знаниям, технологиям и пониманию мира? Насколько они отличались друг от друга? Что у них было общего?
The first manifestations of civilization, according to research, appeared several millennia ago on the territory of Asia, Africa and Europe. Although the ancient civilizations of the earth were formed at different times, the processes of their formation and development have many common features. They became the basis for important discoveries that were a springboard for human progress and cultural development.
The Sumerian Civilization
Ancient Civilizations-Secret knowledge and the legacy of ancient civilizations
Many historians believe that the Sumerians were the first civilization on earth, which appeared in Mesopotamia more than 6 thousand years ago. Historians were able to determine the following facts:
The Sumerians were the first civilization on earth to use the ternary system and know the Fibonacci numbers.
In the legends of this people, the first descriptions concerning the structure and development of the Solar System are presented.
The Sumerian manuscripts indicate that modern humans were created by genetic engineering methods about 3 thousand years ago.
They had developed statehood, had a court and various government bodies that were chosen by people
The Sumerians existed for 2 thousand years.
Ancient Mayan Civilization
Ancient Civilizations-Secret knowledge and heritage of ancient civilizations
One of the most mysterious peoples, which reminds of itself even in the modern world, what is the famous Mayan calendar that predicts the end of the world. The secret knowledge of ancient civilizations continues to be studied by scientists, and they managed to determine such facts:
The Maya were engaged in the construction of stone cities and huge pyramids, which served as a tomb for the nobility. They grew pumpkins, cotton, various fruits, beans, and so on. This people was engaged in the extraction of salt.
For this people, religion was very important, and the worship of the gods was a cult. The Maya sacrificed not only animals, but also people.
Ancient civilizations had great knowledge in astronomy, for example, the Mayan calendars have survived to this day and their accuracy never ceases to amaze.
The Maya mysteriously left the earth, and what exactly happened has not yet been established.
The ancient civilization of the Incas
Ancient civilizations, secret knowledge and the legacy of ancient civilizations
The largest empire in terms of area and population, which was located on the territory of South America. Thanks to historians a lot of information about this people became known to the public:
Scientists have not been able to find evidence that would tell about the appearance of the Incas, but they are considered descendants of the early Andean civilization.
The secrets of ancient civilizations indicate that the empire had a clear administrative division and a well-established economy.
It is reliably known that in those days there was no corruption, almost completely absent crimes related to murder and theft.
Few ancient civilizations had mail, so the Incas had about 5-7 thousand postal stations.
This people had their own measuring system, calendar, architecture, and musical culture. The Inca script is called the kipu nodular script.
The Aztec civilization
Ancient civilizations, secret knowledge and the legacy of ancient civilizations
The most numerous Native American people living in Mexico are the Aztecs. The history of ancient civilizations is known for such facts:
The Aztecs were fond of sports and creativity, for example, they are known for their sculptures and pottery.
Of great importance to this people was the education that children received not only from their parents, but also in schools.
Historians believe that this ancient civilization disappeared not because of numerous wars, but because of smallpox, which claimed the lives of more than 20 million people.
It is worth noting the presence of an advanced system for recording and storing data: tax, historical, religious and other documentation.
The men of this people were allowed polygamy, and poor families sold their children into slavery, and this was not considered unusual.
The ancient civilization of Mesopotamia
Ancient Civilizations-Secret knowledge and heritage of ancient civilizations
Since geographically Mesopotamia occupied a flat area between two rivers: the Euphrates and the Tigris, it was also called Mesopotamia. Some scholars believe that the first inhabitants of the southern territory were the Sumerians, but in fact, before that, the land was inhabited by other tribes.
Artifacts of ancient civilizations indicate that there were several large settlements on the territory of Mesopotamia.
The local population developed complex religious beliefs and made extensive use of magical rituals.
At that time, Mesopotamia had all the signs of civilization, except for writing, but this changed after the territory was settled by the Sumerians.
The ancient civilization of Babylon
Ancient civilizations, secret knowledge and the legacy of ancient civilizations
At that time, Babylon was the richest and most powerful city, which stood out with masterpieces of human ingenuity. Not all the secrets of ancient civilizations are unraveled, but scientists were able to learn a lot of interesting information:
Trade was of great importance in Babylon, and the products created by this people were very popular. This city is considered a "trendsetter".
If a doctor made an incorrect diagnosis, his hands were cut off, and prostitution was considered a prestigious profession.
The most famous attraction of that time is the Gardens of Babylon.
The technologies of ancient civilizations made it possible to build incredible buildings, which is only worth the legendary Tower of Babel, which was located in the center of the ancient city.
Mysterious ancient civilizations
There are many unique structures on earth that have a mystical origin, since there is no real way to explain their origin. The secrets of vanished civilizations continue to baffle many scientists who are trying to get to the truth. Psychics and other people who work with energies and have the ability to look into the past, claim that ancient civilizations existed.
The Hyperborean Civilization
Ancient Civilizations-Secret knowledge and heritage of ancient civilizations
This ancient civilization has another name – Arctida. It is believed that it disappeared, as well as the well-known Atlantis, because of the Great Flood. The death of ancient civilizations has no real evidence, but there is a lot of information from different peoples, which is more speculative.
There is a hypothesis that the ancient Hyperboreans were magicians and 20 thousand years ago there was a great battle with the inhabitants of Atlantis, as a result of which the Urals were formed.
The people of Hyperborea were gifted, and they showed themselves creatively in every possible way.
In the encyclopedia, the Hyperboreans are called a fairy-tale people who lived in a paradise country. People were always eternally young, never got sick, and enjoyed a happy life.
The Lemurian Civilization
Ancient Civilizations-Secret knowledge and heritage of ancient civilizations
If we rely on information from secret sources, the first ancient civilization was located on a huge continent called Lemuria. Another name is known-Mu. The following is known about this civilization:
It existed for 52 thousand years.
The ancient Lemurians were 18 m tall. and they had supernatural powers.
The reason for the disappearance is a huge earthquake that occurred due to the displacement of the earth's belt.
The legacy of ancient civilizations lies in the construction science, thanks to which people built stone buildings.
Civilization Hittite
Ancient Civilizations-Secret knowledge and heritage of ancient civilizations
According to the existing tradition in the Indian and Pacific ocean was a vast continent – Hittite. It is believed that it was inhabited by the progenitors of modern humanity. Historians have found tablets, the decoding of which helped to open some of the mysteries of ancient civilizations.:
The climate on this land was ideal for human, animal, and plant life.
The continent was inhabited by people with yellow, brown, black and white skin. They possessed supernatural powers, could fly and teleport.
For the people, it was important to unite with nature, which gave them strength.
Many ancient civilizations have died because of disasters, so Hitted disappeared after the collision of earth with an asteroid.
According to one version, the continent was inhabited by souls who lived in subtle bodies.
The ancient civilization of Pacifis
Ancient Civilizations-Secret knowledge and heritage of ancient civilizations
Some scientists believe that the Pacific Ocean hides many secrets, there is a version that the continent of Pacifida died in it. Its existence is spoken not only by esotericists, but also by researchers who discover traces of ancient civilizations.
It is believed that the earth was inhabited by real giants, whose growth reached up to five meters, or even higher. It is impossible to confirm or deny this information now.
Confirmation of the existence of Pacifis is considered to be the giant stone statues of moaya, which are located on Easter Island. Scientists have not been able to determine what inventions of ancient civilizations made it possible to make such huge statues.
There are several versions that explain the reason for the disappearance of the continent, and according to the most reliable of them, it's all about the movement of the continental plates, which led to the fact that the Pacifis cracked and sank to the bottom of the ocean. It is believed that Easter Island is a part left over from an ancient civilization.
Ancient Civilizations-Atlantis
Ancient Civilizations-Secret knowledge and heritage of ancient civilizations
Since the time of ancient Greece, the mystery of Atlantis has worried mankind and a huge number of scientists for 2.5 thousand years have tried to determine the place of its location and the history of its existence. The first to write about Atlantis was the philosopher Plato, on whose writings modern researchers rely.
The philosopher points out that the cities of the ancient civilization were rich, and he considered the Atlanteans themselves to be descendants of Poseidon.
Ancient lost civilizations were rich, so the temple of the main deity Poseidon was lined with gold, silver and other metals. On the territory of Atlantis there were many statues of the lord of the sea and his wife, made of gold.
The inhabitants of the mainland were entertained by horse racing. The Atlanteans liked to take thermal baths, because they were not
Read the text and study the names of the ancient civilizations below:
The study of history focuses on the interpretation of the written word and other cultural artifacts created by humans in the past. The invention of writing marks the division between “history” and “pre-history.” All ancient civilizations were located in the Mediterranean Basin or the Middle East and included Mesopotamia (Sumer, Babylonia, and Assyria), Egypt, the Hittite Empire, Persia, Lydia, Greece, and Rome.
Изучение истории сосредоточено на интерпретации письменного слова и других культурных артефактов, созданных людьми в прошлом. Изобретение письменности отмечает разделение между «историей» и «предысторией». Все древние цивилизации располагались в Средиземноморском бассейне или на Среднем Востоке и включали в себя Месопотамию (Шумер, Вавилония и Ассирия), Египет, Хеттская империя, Персия, Лидия, Греция и Рим.
1. Sumer — the Sumerians (шумер – шумеры)
2. Babylonia — the Babylonians (Вавилония – вавалонцы)
3. Egypt — the Egyptians (Египет – египтяне)
4. Persia — the Persians (Персия – персы)
5. Greece — the Greeks (Греция – греки)
6. Rome — the Romans (Рим – римляне)
7. Lydia — the Lydians (Лидия – лидийцы)
8. Assyria — the Assyrians (Ассирия – ассирийцы)
9. The Hittite Empire — the Hittites (Хеттская Империя – хетты)
The timeline
Match the ancient civilizations to the description of some of their achievements and inventions. Answer the questions after the text.
a. The largest empire of the ancient world. Their army numbered over one million as they added foreign armies, usually of defeated enemies, to their own. They made paved roads with small stations so that people could travel in comfort and safety. They learned about minted coins from the Lydians and spread it throughout the eastern part of the ancient world. Because of the tribute system, the empire was extremely rich. Крупнейшая империя древнего мира. Их
армия насчитывала более миллиона человек, поскольку они добавляли к своим иностранные армии, обычно состоявшие из поверженных врагов. Они сделали асфальтированные дороги с небольшими станциями, чтобы люди могли путешествовать с комфортом и безопасностью. Из-за системы дани империя была чрезвычайно богата.
b. This people developed complex mathematics, which included geometry and algebra. They developed a system of symbols representing the values of numbers (such as 100s, 10s, and 1s), knew the value of pi. Also, they invented the abacus, a primitive calculator." Этот народ разработал сложную математику, в которую входили геометрия и алгебра. Они разработали систему символов, представляющих значения\ чисел (например, 100, 10 и 1), знали значение числа Пи. Кроме того, они изобрели счеты, примитивный калькулятор.
c. The longest existing ancient civilization. Its life and culture centered on, depended on, and were shaped by the world’s longest river. The rulers used to build extremely big tombs to demonstrate their power on earth. They had knowledge of higher mathematics and skill in moving extremely heavy building materials." Самая долго существующая цивилизация. Ее жизнь и культура были сосредоточены на самой длинной реке в мире, Правители строили чрезвычайно большие гробницы, чтобы продемонстрировать свою власть на земле. У них были познания в высшей математике и умение перемещать чрезвычайно тяжелые строительные материалы.
d. They developed writing which took the form of pictographs or hieroglyphs, with each symbol representing a word. Later it developed into cuneiform — symbols representing syllables of words. For over 3,000 years, various civilizations used this system of writing. Они разработали письменность, которая принимала форму пиктограмм или иероглифов, где каждый символ представлял слово. Позднее она превратилась в клинопись – символы, обозначающие слоги слов. На протяжении более 3000 лет различные цивилизации использовали эту систему письма.
e. They influenced modern Western culture more than any other ancient civilization. Philosophy, democracy, architecture, theatre, art (particularly sculpture), literature, and borrowed words are just a few contributions they made to Western culture. Они повлияли на современную западную культуру больше, чем любая другая древняя цивилизация. Философия, демократия, архитектура, театр, искусство (особенно скульптура), литература и заимствованные слова – вот лишь некоторые из вкладов, которые они внесли в западную культуру.
f. The last major civilization before Europe and North Africa fell into the Dark Ages. They conquered many people and lived together with the conquered. They invented various kinds of devices to make grain mills more productive. The civilization introduced and spread the Latin language, provided a legal system that many modern Western governments still use." Последняя крупная цивилизация перед Европой и Северной Африкой погрузилась в Средневековье. Они завоевали многих людей и жили вместе с покоренными. Они изобрели различного рода приспособления для повышения производительности зерновых мельниц. Цивилизация ввела и распространила латинский язык,