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4.2. 4-P2'.2 0"!(+$8.
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@=@E
NH3 |
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=//0&93<5 E,!("+#$. )*+!$!,-." 4"!*!3A 4'!C!4"0. R#3"+#,A *+&'0,A3#4"0 |
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84,#'05 6!+/!3"&;00 0 (&9!4"'& 7#"#'#5 *+#$8(;00. @,- (#/*!34&;00 ',0-30- |
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4*0+"& !7# ''#$-" ' 4"&3$&+"3<! +&4"'#+< ' "!G C! (#3;!3"+&;0-G, ' (#"#+<G #3 |
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4#$!+C0"4- ' *0'!, +1 > 11. L+&$80+#'#93&- :&'040/#4"A. 0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 |
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0#3#/!+. !"#$ 4"&3$&+"3<G $#%&'#(. |
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:M=I |
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NH4+ |
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H#3#/!"+09!4(#! #*+!$!,!30! 6&,A4060(&;00 /#,#(& &//#3053</0 4#,-/0. |
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• !/!$! |
HFI - NH4+ 60+/< «I(#/», &3&,0:&"#+ «I(#"!4"-110», +1 1-8,5. @0&*&:#3 |
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0:/!+-!/<G (#3;!3"+&;05 0,3 – 30 /7 NH4+/1004/3. D#7+!?3#4"A #*+!$!,!30- 2- |
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7%. |
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B&%,0;& 4.2 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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9;: =<> |
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Br |
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100 7 "#3(# +&:/#,#"#7# #%+&:;& 4/!?0'&." 4 300 4/3 '#$<, '4"+-G0'&." ' |
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"!9!30! 5 9. )"%0+&." 50 4/3 *+#%<, E(4"+&70+8." E"&3#,#/ ($'& +&:& *# 25 4/3) |
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$,- 8$&,!30- ,0*0$#' 0 ;!3"+06870+8." $,- #"$!,!30- #" ':'!?!33<G 9&4"0;. |
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W,#+0$- 0 %+#/0$-0#3< +&:$!,-.", 04*#,A:8- 0#30" Dowex. W,#+0$< 0 %!,(0 |
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• Q/%$!'.2 $+/D8+". |
E,.0+8." 0,16 |
KNO3 0,0 NaNO3, & %+#/0$< – 2 +&4"'#+#/ KNO3 0,0 NaNO3. |
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Br--0#3< #*+!$!,-." ' E,.&"! 4 *#/#KA. +Br-FI )+0#3 94-35. L+&$80+#'(8 |
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*+#'#$-" *# |
4"&3$&+"3</ +&4"'#+&/ %+#/0$#' ' 2 |
KNO3. D+-/&- |
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*#"!3;0#/!"+0-, *#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30!. |
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R&9!4"'# '03& *+0 '<4#(#/ 4#$!+C&300 %+#/0$-0#3#' 8G8$?&!"4-. 2 |
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• )-1! |
&3&,0:0+8!/<! #%+&:;< ''#$-" 3,75 H3PO4, 3&4<K!33<5 +&4"'#+ KNO3 0 1 |
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CuSO4. !"#$ $#%&'#(. 0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
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9:; |
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109
110
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2<4#(0! (#3;!3"+&;00 %#+& "#(4093< $,- +&4"!305. HFI – BF4-. |
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)%+&:;< #:#,-." *+0 550ûF, #G,&C$&." 0 +&4"'#+-." ' HCl. D#,89&!/8. |
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• N$%1- "%#821-? |
%#+38. (04,#"8 *!+!'#$-" ' HBF4 |
+!&(;0!5 4 HF. F"&3$&+"3<! +&4"'#+< %#+3#5 |
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(04,#"< *!+!'#$-" ' BF4-. L+&$80+#'#93&- :&'040/#4"A. 0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 |
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0#3#/!+. |
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<=:EJ=< |
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R6FL;:<@ |
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J:2 |
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F#$!+C&30! F)2 ' '03! (#3"+#,0+8." 4 ;!,A. 84"&3#',!30- !7# (&9!4"'&. 2 |
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:&'040/#4"0 #" 4#$!+C&30- F)2 +&:,09&." ?0*890! 0 07+04"<! '03& (' "#/ |
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• )-1!, #0-"81.2 |
904,! ?&/*&34(#!). 2 ?0*890G 3&*0"(&G (#3;!3"+&;0- F)2 #%<93# *+!'<?&!" |
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2·10-2 . H4*#,A:8." HFI-F)2. D#4,! #"%#+& *+#%< 4+&:8 4#:$&." K!,#938. |
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*#$(04,-." ;0"+&"3</ %86!+3</ +&4"'#+#/. L+&$80+#'#93&- :&'040/#4"A. |
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0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
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B&%,0;& 4.2 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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D+#%8 +&4"0+&." ' 7#+-9!5 '#$!, #G,&C$&.", $#%&',-." 10%-3<5 6#46&"3<5 |
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• 4-P2'.2 0"!(+$8. |
%86!+3<5 |
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40,<. !"#$ |
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F#$!+C&30! I--0#3#' ' /#,#(! /#C!" *+!'<?&"A $#*84"0/<! 3#+/< 0:-:& |
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:&7+-:3!30- !7# 4#!$03!30-/0 0#$&, 04*#,A:8!/</0 $,- 4"!+0,0:&;00 /#,#93<G |
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(#3"!53!+#' 0 '</!30. D+#%8 4/!?0'&." ' 4##"3#?!300 50:1 4 2 |
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Ni(NO3)2. |
L+&$80+#'#93&- :&'040/#4"A. |
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H4*#,A:8." HFI-I . D!+!$ *+#'!$!30!/ &3&,0:& 8$&,-." C0+, 9"#%< 04(,.90"A |
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!7# ',0-30! 3& /!/%+&38. @0&*&:#3 0:/!+-!/<G (#3;!3"+&;05 0,1-1,8 /7/$/3, |
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Sr = 3,3%. |
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1&'!4(8 "#3(#0:/!,A9!33#7# &3&,0:0+8!/#7# /&"!+0&,& '3#4-" ' 3&7+!"8. |
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• ;%#821-& - $!"A% |
$# 90ûF $04"0,,0+#'&338. '#$8, 4/!4A #G,&C$&." 0 *+0%&',-." 6#46&"3<5 |
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+&4"'#+ (0,35 |
NaHPO4 + 0,38M KH2PO4). |
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:&'040/#4"A. 0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. |
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E@F=I |
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E+ |
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111 |
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