Файл: Direct and reported speech Direct and reported speech (понятие прямой и косвенной речи).pptx

Прямая речь – это речь переданная дословно, без изменений. Перед прямой речью или после нее стоит предложение, вводящее в прямую речь:
Том говорит Бену: «Я хочу обедать»
Tom tells Ben, “I want to have lunch”

Косвенная речь – это способ передачи чужой речи. Она представляет собой придаточное предложение, которому предшествует главное или следует за ним:
Том говорит Бену что хочет обедать.
Tom tells Ben that he wants to have lunch.

Не said, "I don't know."
Не says, "I don't know."
Не will say, "I don't know."

В прямой речи время глагола не зависит от времени в водной части, так как полностью сохраняется форма высказывания чужой речи:
Если глагол вводной части находится в форме настоящего времени или указывает на действие в будущем, то при преобразование прямой речи в косвенную, время глагола чужой речи остаётся неизменным:
Не says, "I don't know." → Не says he doesn't know.
Не will say, "I don't know." → Не will say he doesn't know.
Не says, "I didn't know." → Не says he didn't know.
Не will say, "I didn't know." → Не will say he didn't know.

Если глагол вводной части находится в форме прошедшего времени, то при преобразование прямой речи в косвенную учитывается правило согласования времён:

Не said, "I know." → Не said he knew.
Не said, "I must know." → Не said he had to know.
Не said, "I will know." → Не said he would know.
Не said, "I knew." → Не said he had known.

Direct speech	Reported speech
Present Simple He said, “I want to watch a film.”	Past Simple He said (that) he wanted to watch a film.
Present Continuous He said , “Jane is sleeping.”	Past Continuous He said (that) jane was sleeping.
Present Perfect She said, “I have bought a new dress.”	Past Perfect She said (that) she had bought a new dress.
Past Simple Alex said, “I finished my homework.”	Past Perfect Alex said (that) he had finished his homework.
Will She said, “I will always love Tom.”	Would She said (that) she would always love Tom.
Can Tom said , “I can carry 50 kg.”	Could Tom said (that) he could carry 50 kg.
May Mary said, “It may rain.”	Might Mary said (that) it might rain.
Must He said, “Everybody must obey the rules.”	Had to He said (that) everybody had to obey the rules.
Have to He said, “I have to go home.”	Had to He said (that) he had to go home.

Example “I work hard,” Jillian said.

— Jillian said that he worked hard.

“I am planning to go to Kenya,” Sally said.
“I take my little sister to school every day,” little Anthony said.
“You may take my textbook,” Nonna said.
“They are playing in the gym now,” Nick said.
“I don’t like chocolate,” Mary said.
“My sister is ready to go” Helen said.
“My mother usually goes shopping on Saturday,” the girl said.
“The birds build their nests among the trees,” the teacher said.
“I am not married,” Jimmy said.
“I can't read these books. I don’t like them,” Petra said.

Example 1: I have already finished the test. ->

He said he had already finished the test.

We have gone on holiday.
Nelly can’t write; she has cut her finger.
The Ivanovs have travelled to many places.
Sam has already learnt the poem.
My sister has broken my pencil.
My dad has never travelled by plane.
Andrew has lost his keys.
Jill has never slept in a tent.

Чтобы правильно передать чью-то речь, необходимо использовать глагол сообщения с правильным значением. Самые распространенные глаголы сообщения – say и tell. У них одинаковое значение – говорить; однако используем мы их по-разному.

Say	Tell
we say something She said that she was tired.	BUT we tell someone something She told him that she was tired.
we sometimes use say to someone She said (to him) that she was tired.

Put said \ told in the sentence.

She _____ me (that) she loved John.
They ______ (that) they were happy.
He ________ everybody (that) he had to leave.
Anne _______me (that) her brother was buying a car.
Alice ______ to Mike (that) he was wearing a nice suit.
She ______ (that) it was raining.
Lisa _____ me (that) she would call at 2p.m.