Файл: английский методичка.doc

to connect – соединять

in comparison with … – по сравнению с …

to be founded by the settlers быть основанным поселенцами

an independence – независимость

to stretch to … km from north to south – простираться на … километров с севера на юг

numerous sky – scrapers – многочисленные небоскребы

an entertainment centre – развлекательный центр

United Nations Headquarters – главное управление ООН

to attract many visitors – привлекать много посетителей

to commemorate the anniversary – праздновать годовщину

the observation deck – смотровая площадка

the crown of the Statue – корона Статуи

to hold a torch – держать факел

to figure out – вычислять, подсчитать

a joint project – совместный проект

to design the Statue of Liberty – проектировать Статую Свободы

to contain exhibits – содержать экспонаты

weight; to weigh – вес; весить

height – высота

in breadth – в ширину

troops – войска

Babylon – Вавилон

Hudson River – река Гудзон

II. Read, translate and reproduce the text:

New York

New York is one of the largest cities in the world and the leading financial, industrial, transport and trade centre of the U.S.A. It is a city of islands connected by 60 bridges. In comparison with such ancient cities as Rome, Moscow, London or Paris, New York is quite young. It was founded in 1613 by Dutch settlers and was named New Amsterdam. When British troops occupied New Amsterdam they called it New York after the Duke of York who was commander of the English army.

Today New York City consists of five districts, enjoying a certain independence. They are Manhatten, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Richmond with a total population of over 8 million people (up to 18 million including its all suburbs). It is a multinational city, called “modern Babylon”, the people of almost all nationalities and races speak 75 different languages.

The centre of New York is Manhatten Island, the heart of business and finance. The island stretches to 21 km. from north to south between the Hudson River and the East River and is only four kilometers in breadth. The longest and widest street in New York, Broadway, runs through the whole of Manhatten. Straight avenues follow the length of the island. The avenues are crossed by 200 streets numbered from south to north. Numerous sky-scrapers house banks and offices of American business. The 102-storeyed Empire State Building, 381metres high is the tallest sky-scraper in the city. Rockfeller Centre, the largest business and entertainment centre in America, covers nearly four city blocks. United Nations Headquarters is here as well. The four buildings were erected in 1950.

Theatres, museums, publishing houses, research institutes and famous Universities, including the University of Columbia, make New York one of the main centres of scientific and cultural life in the country. More than 300 thousand students study at the New York institutions of higher education. The “Metropolitan” Opera House, the “Radio-City” concert halls, the “Metropolitan” and “Modern Arts” museums attract many visitors.

Coming up to New York harbor you pass Liberty Island with the bronze Statue of Liberty, presented to the United States by France in 1886 to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of American independence. The statue is about 50 metres high and stands on a pedestal of almost the same height.

The State is so large that as many as twelve people can stand inside the torch. Many more people can stand in other parts of the statue. The statue weighs 225 tons.

The length of its right arm is 12,8 m., its hand is 5 m, the width of its face is 3,5 m.

The visitors pass 354 steps to the observation deck in the crown of the Statue or 192 steps to the top of its pedestal. In the Statue’s crown there are 25 windows, that symbolize the earth pearls and the heavenly rays, enlightening the world.

In the early 1900’s many immigrants came by boats to the U.S. They saw the statue on an island, near New York City, it was their first sight of America.

There is a museum in the bottom part of the statue, which contains exhibits about the history of immigration in the U.S. There are many pictures, letters and objects from the native countries of the immigrants in it.

The French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi offered to design the statue. The French people gave money for the statue. Americans designed and built the pedestal for the statue to stand on. The American people raised money to pay for the granit pedestal. The French engineer Alexendre Eiffel, who was famous for his Eiffel Tower in Paris, figured out how to make the heavy statue stand. The creation of the statue became the joint French-American project.

The Statue of Liberty is a woman who holds a torch up high.

She symbolizes a welcome to a land of freedom.

III. Exercises

1. Give the English equivalents:

Соединенный мостами; названный в честь герцога Йорка; статуя, подаренная Соединенным Штатам Францией; основанный поселенцами из Голландии; подъезжая к Нью-Йоркской гавани; включая университет Колумбии; командующий Английской армией; многонациональный город; небоскреб; высшие учебные заведения; 300 тысяч студентов; первое впечатление; история иммиграции; воздвигать здания; простираться на … километров с севера на юг; люди могут стоять внутри факела.

2. Translate into English:

1.Нью-Йорк – один из самых больших городов мира. Его население 18 млн. человек, включая пригород.

2. Самая длинная и широкая улица Нью-Йорка – Бродвей.

3. Рокфеллер Центр – самый большой деловой и развлекательный центр в Америке.

4. Люди в Нью-Йорке говорят на 75 языках.

5. Высота самого высокого небоскреба Нью-Йорка 381 метр.

6. Нью-Йорк – крупнейший научный и культурный центр страны. В нем много научных институтов, известных университетов, театров и музеев.

7. Концертные залы Радиоцентра и Оперного Театра привлекают много посетителей.

8. Статуя Свободы – одна из самых известных в мире. Она стоит на острове в Нью-Йоркской гавани.

3. Answer the questions:

1. What kind of a city is New York?

2. When was it founded?

3. Who founded the city?

4. What name did the city have at that time?

5. What districts does New York consists of?

6. How many people live in the city and its suburbs?

7. Why is the city called “ modern Babylon” now?

8. What is the centre of New York?

9. What is the most distinguished feature of the city?

10. What cultural and scientific institutions are there in New York?

11. Whose joint project was the creation of the Statue of Liberty?

12. What exhibits does the museum in the bottom of the Statue contain?

4. Circle T if the sentence is true. Circle F if the sentence is false.

	True	False
Twelve people can stand inside the torch of the Statue of Liberty.	T	F
The United States helped France gain its independence in 1776.	T	F
The visitors pass 192 steps to the observation deck in the crown of the Statue.	T	F
Frederic – Auguste Barthould was a French engineer.	T	F
Alexendre Eiffel figured out how to make the Statue stand.	T	F
Americans designed the pedestal for the statue.	T	F

5. Discuss the answers to these questions with your classmates.

1. Do you have any famous statues or monuments in your country? What are they?

2. What famous statue, monument or building do you think is the most beautiful or interesting? Which do you think is the ugliest?

Part II

I. Words and word combinations to be remembered:

a highland – плоскогорье, нагорье

a plain – равнина

а rapid – речной порог

a typhoon – тайфун

the highest peak – высшая точка

Declaration of independence – Декларация независимости

the gold rush – золотая лихорадка

the most densily populated city – самый густонаселенный город

the latest trend – последнее достижение

scientific investigations – научные исследования

location – нахождение, размещение

a centre of outdoor recreation – центр развлечений на открытом воздухе

countless tourists – многочисленные туристы

rubber trees – каучуковые деревья

to beautify the city throughout the year – украшать город каждый год

the most famous city for gambling – самый известный азартными играми город

neon lights – неоновые огни

to cost half the price – стоить половину цены

to have meals for very little money – недорого пообедать

to make money from gambling casinos – зарабатывать деньги за счет азартных игр в казино

a famous gangster –известный гангстер, бандит

to murder – убивать, совершать убийство

to be murdered – быть убитым

to make somebody and something famous – сделать кого-либо и что-либо знаменитым

to gamble – играть в азартные игры

to watch atomic bomb tests – наблюдать за испытаниями атомной бомбы

dangerous – опасный

to be famous for- быть известным

many famous movie stars were married in Las Vegas – много известных звезд поженились в Лас Вегасе

a church – церковь

to have a chance of having a heart attack – иметь возможность получить сердечный приступ

II. Read and translate the text

Glimpses of Geography

The United States of America occupy a large territory. The USA is situated in the central and southern part of Northern America. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and by the Pacific Ocean in the west. It stretches from Canada in the north to Mexico, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Gulf of California in the South.

In size, the USA (the area is over nine million square kilometers) is the fourth among the nations after Russia, Canada and China. It has military bases all over the world.

The USA is divided into three areas:

Eastern area – a highland, where the Appalachian Mountains are situated, Central area – a plain, and Western area which is mountainous and includes the Cordilleras and the Rocky Mountains. The highest peak of the Cordilleras in the USA is 4,418 metres high. The Appalachian Mountains are very old. The Rocky Mountains are considered to be young.

The north – eastern part of the USA is the region of the Five Great lakes (Lake Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, and Ontario) which are connected by channels cut by rapids. The greatest of these rapids is the Niagara Falls. The St. Lawrence River joins the water of the five lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. In the west of the USA there is another lake called the Great Salt Lake.

The main rivers of the USA are Mississippi (it is the second largest river in the world after the Nile); the Missouri, the Yukon, the Colorado, the Columbia, the St. Lawrence, and the Hudson.

The population of the USA is 291.049.000 people .

Climate. The USA is a very large country, so it has several different climate zones. The coldest regions are in the north and north-east, where much snow falls in winter. The south has a subtropical climate. Hot winds blowing from the Gulf of Mexico often bring typhoons. The climate along the Pacific coast is much warmer than that of the Atlantic coast.

The region around the Great Lakes is known for its changeable weather. In general, the climate in the North America is much colder than in Europe.

The American Flag. The thirteen-star, thirteen-stripe national flag of the United States of America was adopted on June 14, 1771. There was one star and one stripe for every State in the new country. Gradually, as new states were added to the Union, a new star was added to the national flag. There are now fifty stars on the American flag, one for each state.

The thirteen stripes represent the original thirteen states. June 14 is Flag Day in the USA.

The official language of the country is English.

The capital of the country is Washington. The population is 4.923.153 people. It was named in honour of the first President, George Washington. US Capitol is the tallest building in Washington, DC., and the most famous building in the USA, because this is where the laws are made.

Cities and their sightseeings. New York is the largest city in the United States its population is 18.300.000 people. It is situated at the mouth of the Hudson River. Today, New York is a major world capital, and the world leader in finance, the arts, and communications. The city is also the center of advertising, fashion, publishing, and radio broadcasting in the United States. It is famous for its sky-scrapers.

Los Angeles is the second largest city in the country, its population is 12.000.000 people. “Hollywood” is the name of a Los Angeles district which appeared in 1910. One of the greatest events in Hollywood is the annual presentation of Oscar. Soviet films “War and Peace” and “Moscow does not believe in tears” have been awarded Oscars by the American Cinema Academy.

Disneyland, the huge amusement park Disney created in 1955 in California, has been a major tourist attraction since it first opened.

Wherever American movies are shown, the name “Disney” still draws the crowds.

Los Angeles is an important centre of modern industries.

Chicago is the centre of the Midwest, it is situated on the Lake Michigan. The population of the city is 8.272.768 people. It is the country’s greatest railway centre, where thirty eight railroads meet. The city has been named the nations bread basket, it is the nation’s leading market place for the assembling, processing and distribution of the products of American farms. Chicago is famous for its beaches.

Philadelphia (6.188.463 people) is situated in the east of the USA. It was the first capital of the USA from 1790 till 1800.

Many people consider that Philadelphia is an important political centre of the USA. The U.S. Constitution was adopted in 1787 in Philadelphia. It was the first written constitution in the world. Philadelphia is a seaport and a shipping centre of the country, it is an important manufacturing centre.

Liberty Bell is a symbol of freedom. The sound of this Bell told the people about the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence in July, 1776. Philadelphia Museum of Art, College of Art, Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Fine Arts are cultural sights of the city. Philadelphia is very beautiful, there are many sky-scrapers in it.

San Francisco was founded in 1776 and its rapid development is closely connected with the gold rush of 1848 in California. 7.039.362 people live in San Francisco now. It is one of the largest industrial and cultural cities in America, the major international airport and seaport on the westen coast of the country. San Francisco is famous for its bridges. The symbol of the city is the Golden Gate Bridge.

The inhabitants of the city and its guests can visit boating and swimming clubs, wonderful golf courses, a yacht harbor.

Boston is full of historical events, it is one of the oldest cities of the colonists struggle for independence in the United States.

The population of the city is 3.406.829 people. Several departments of the famous Harvard University are located in the suburbs of Boston. Massachusetts Institute of Technology is the largest purely scientific and technical school in the country.

The New England Conservatory of Music is the largest in the U.S. As a musical centre Boston rivals New York.

III Note the pronunciation of the geographical names:

Appalachian Mountains – Аппалачи (горы)

Atlantic Ocean –Атлантический океан

Boston – г.Бостон

California –Калифорния (штат)

Chicago – г. Чикаго

Colorado – р.Колорадо, штат Колорадо

Columbia – р.Колумбия

Cordillera –Кордильеры (горная система)

District of Columbia( D.C.) – Колумбия (округ в США)

Erie –оз. Эри

Great Lakes –Великие озера

Great Salt Lake – Большое соленое озеро

Gulf of Mexico –Мексиканский залив

Hollywood - Голливуд

Huron- оз.Гурон

Illinois - Иллинойс (штат)

Liberty Island – Остров Свободы

Los Angeles – г. Лос-Анджелес

Manhattan – Манхэттен (остров; район в Нью-Йорке)

Massachusetts – Массачусетс (штат)

Michigan – Мичиган (штат; озеро)

Mississippi – р. Миссисипи

Missouri – р. Миссури, штат Миссури

New-York – Нью-Йорк

Pacific Ocean – Тихий океан

Pennsylvania – Пенсильвания (штат)

Rocky Mountains – Скалистые горы

Saint Lawrence River – р. Святого Лаврентия

San-Francisco – г. Сан-Франциско

Washington – г. Вашингтон (штат Вашингтон)

IV. Look at the map and describe

a) the USA

b) the large cities of the country

Write down a plan of your description.

V. Translate into English:

« Город Огней»

Многие люди называют Лас Вегас городом огней, т.к. казино и отели этого города имеют много неоновых огней. Лас Вегас – самый известный азартными играми город Америки.

Известный гангстер Багси Сигел построил первое Казино в 1946 году в городе, который возник в 1905 году. В 1947 году Багси убили и это событие сделало его и город знаменитыми.

В 50-е годы туристы приезжали в Лас Вегас не только ради игры, они приезжали наблюдать за атомными испытаниями в пригороде Лас Вегаса. Люди в те дни не знали, что это было опасно.

Известно, что номера в гостиницах в 2 раза дешевле, чем в других городах, в ресторанах можно дешево поесть. Отели зарабатывают деньги от казино.

Лас Вегас известен церквями, в которых проводятся свадебные церемонии. Они открыты 24 часа в сутки. Здесь не нужно платить много денег или долго ждать.

Многие известные кинозвезды заключили брак в этих церквях. Интересно, что в Лас Вегасе больше церквей, чем в каком-либо другом городе Америки. А еще интересен тот факт, что туристы имеют больше шансов получить сердечный приступ в Лас Вегасе, чем в любом другом городе. Как вы думаете, почему?

VI. Grammar

Complete the sentences with the prepositions below:

for, of, in, with, by, between, within

Example: Los Angeles is a city in southern California.

Los Angeles, California

Los Angeles is situated ___ the western part of the USA, it is washed ___ the Pacific Ocean.

The city was founded ___ the Spanish ___ 1781 and was a part of Mexico ___ a long time.

Los Angeles is the main economic centre ___ the United States ___ the West. It is a large centre ___ scientific investigations.

Southern California is known worldwide as the location ___ Hollywood, the centre ___ America’s motion picture industry.

The location ___ the city ___ the mountains and the sea is attractive.

Its climate made southern California one ___the country’s centres ___ outdoor recreation.

Balboa Park in San Diego ___ excellent zoo and Marine land are major attractions.

Disneyland has become the main destination ___ countless tourists.

Towering eucalyptuses, graceful pepper trees, tropic palms, rubber trees, giant bananas and a wonderful growth ___ roses, orange trees, jasmine and other flowers beautify the city throughout the year.

There are many parks ___ the city limits.

VII. Read, translate and reproduce the dialogues:

1.

– If you have a chance to visit an English speaking country which would you go to?

– Have I a chance I’d start to the USA.

– Why would you?

– Most of all I’d like to visit Niagara Falls. I look forward to visit two American cities, New York and Washington, District Columbia.

– Why do you want to visit just these two cities?

– New York is considered to be one of the most densely populated and bustling cities and, on the contrary, Washington, D.C, is the capital of the United States.

– New York is called the city of contrasts. Do you like contrasts?

– I’m a young person, so I enjoy contrasts and strong impressions.

– I want to see the whole world. Washington, District Columbia, is a great contrast to the city of New York. It is the most quiet city of the USA.

– What attracts you in Washington?

– There are many beautiful parks and gardens in the city. I’m eager to see famous cherry trees in blossom in the streets of Washington. These trees are the gift from Japan. They were brought there in 1912.

– And what are the most impressive sights in Washington?

– There are a lot of sights in the city. You can see magnificent monuments. The Washington monument is the most famous one. It was erected to the memory of the first President of the USA in 1888. It is called “The Pencil” because it is one of the tallest constructions in the world.

– Don’t you want to visit the White House?

– As far as I know it is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the United States.

– You are right. Every year more than 1,5 million visitors go through the five rooms that are open to the public.

– By the way do you know that President Washington never lived in the Presidential Palace and the house was not white?

– I’ve heard that the house was grey but it was rebuilt and painted white. The fact is that the Palace was burnt by the British in 1814. To cover the marks of the fire it was painted white.

2. A Shopping Mall

– Ann, could you tell me what the word ‘mall’ means?

– Sure. Malls are popular places where people can shop in the hundreds of stores under one roof. Malls are like town centers.

– Oh, as far as I know many Americans like to go there.

– People like malls for many reasons. Malls have police stations or private security guards and people feel safe. Parking is usually free and the weather inside is always fine.

– And what about having a rest?

– The newest malls have beautiful rest area with waterfalls and palm trees.

– One can hardly believe that! Do you happen to know what the largest mall in America is?

– Um…, I think the Mall of America in Minnesota. As far as I know it has more than 300 stores, many nightclubs and a very big amusement park!

– Do you know how many people can shop there?

– Oh, all the population of Barnaul would be able to shop there every week.

– You don’t say so!

– Exactly so! There are parking spaces for more than 12.000 cars!

– Do you know when the first indoor mall was built in America?

– To tell the truth, I don’t, I’ve heard it was built more than fifty years ago. People loved doing their shopping in one place.

– Now, people come to malls to do many things.

– Of course, they shop, they also eat…

– Oh yes, they eat in food courts that have food from all over the world.

– And how about seeing a movie?

– The largest mall in America has both shopping and entertainment. People see movies at multiplex theatres.

– In other words, people can do just about everything in malls.

– You are right. They can see a doctor or a dentist and even can attend church.

– Oh, my god! And if I’m very tired and can’t go home… what shall I do then?

– Don’t worry! The latest trend is condo-malls. Now residents can actually live in their favorite shopping centre!

VIII. Ask your friend:

1. Где находятся Соединенные Штаты Америки?

2. С какими странами граничит Америка на севере и на юге?

3. Какое место в мире занимают Соединенные Штаты Америки по территории?

4. Какие горы, реки и озера расположены на территории страны?

5. Что означают звезды и полосы на американском флаге?

6. Какой язык является официальным языком страны?

7. Какой город был первой столицей Америки и чем он знаменит?

8. Какие достопримечательности можно увидеть в столице Америки – городе Вашингтоне?

9. Какой самый большой город Америки и что он о нем знает?

10. Что он знает о крупных торговых центрах Америки?

IX. Answer the questions.

– Where is America situated?

– What countries borders the USA with?

– What oceans is the USA washed by?

– How large is the territory of the country?

– What is the population of America?

– What rivers, lakes and mountains can you name?

– How many states does the USA consists of today? Can you name any of them?

– What is the climate of the country?

– What are the biggest cities of America? Where are they situated? What do you know about the capital of the USA?

– What city is called “modern Babylon” now? Why is it called so?

– Why do tourists have a greater chance of having a heart attack in Las Vegas than in any other American city?

– Do you know the name of the country’s greatest railway centre? This city has been named the nation’s bread basket. What is the name of this city?

– What is Hollywood? Where is it situated? Where can visitors to Hollywood go to? What other place in southern California is the main destination of countless tourists?

– What is the development of San Francisco connected with? What unique bridges connect San Francisco with the Mainland?

– This city was the first capital of the United States of America from 1790 to 1800. It is considered to be an important political centre of the USA. It is a seaport and a shipping centre, an important manufacturing centre. There are many skyscrapers in it. What is the name of the city?

– Why do you think people like to shop in malls? Would you like to live in a condo-mall? Why or why not?

– If you have a chance to visit America which cities would you go to? Why?

X. Act out the situations:

1. Обсудите с вашим однокурсником основные географические данные Америки (местоположение, климат, природные богатства страны).

2. Представьте, что вы проезжаете мимо Статуи Свободы. Ваш друг знает историю создания этого памятника. Расспросите его об этом символе свободы.

3. Вы с однокурсниками прочитали интересную информацию о крупных городах Америки. Обменяйтесь мнениями о том, чем знамениты эти города.

4. Ваш друг посетил один из современных торговых центров Америки. Расспросите его об особенностях этого центра, о том, что он купил, где обедал и как провел время там.

The contents

Part I ……………………………………………………. 3

ME AND MY FAMILY………………………………………………..3

ABOUT MYSELF………………………………………………………4

MY FAMILY……………………………………………………………4

WORKING DAY OF A STUDENT………………………………….11

HIGHER EDUCATION……………………………………………....18

OUR UNIVERSITY…………………………………………………....22

IN THE CITY………………………………………………………….26

BARNAUL……………………………………………………………...27

AROUND THEWORLD……………………………………………...32

CAPE TOWN…………………………………………………………..33

DIRECTIONS………………………………………………………......35

TRANSPORT………………………………………………………......38

SHOPPING………………………………………………………….....39

PART II………………………………………………………………..45

TRAVELLING………………………………………………………...45

GOING ABROAD……………………………………………………...45

TRAVELLING…………………………………………………………48

Airplane reservation…………………………………………………….51

Booking train tickets…………………………………………………...52

Hotel reservations....................................................................................53

At a hotel………………………………………………………………..54

Shopping………………………………………………………………...55

SPENDING FREE TIME……………………………………………..57

My Day-Off……………………………………………………………..58

OPINIONS………………………………………………………………59

SPORTS…………………………………………………………………64

AT THE MATCH……………………………………………………….66

EATING OUT/ MEALS………………………………………………...68

CAREER………………………………………………………………..75

The Career Ladder……………………………………………………….76

The Model and Snowboarder……………………………………………77

Career moves………………………………………………………….....80

PLANNING A CAREER………………………………………………..86

THE MAIN CITIES OF AMERICA………………………………….84

New York………………………………………………………………..85

Glimpses of Geography………………………………………………….89

Los Angeles, California………………………………………………….93

Washington………………………………………………………………94

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102