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В отличие от прилагательных русского языка прилагательные в английском не изменяются ни по родам, ни по падежам, ни по числам. Нам очень повезло – меньше придется запоминать. Просто берешь прилагательное и после него ставишь любое существительное.

• 
  clever boy – умный мальчик;
  
• 
  clever girl – умная девочка; • clever children – умные дети.
  

В предложении прилагательное обычно стоит перед существительным. Если прилагательных два или более, то употреблять их нужно в определенном порядке. Первыми будут стоять прилагательные, обозначающие отношение говорящего к предмету: beautiful (красивый), ugly (некрасивый), expensive (дорогой). Вторыми употребляются прилагательные, описывающие параметры предмета: blue (голубой), old (старый), big (большой).

He has got an expensive red car. – У него дорогая красная машина.

Типы прилагательных

Лингвисты различают 3 типа прилагательных: простые, производные и сложные прилагательные.

1. 
   Простые прилагательные в английском языке не имеют ни приставок, ни суффиксов.
   

• 
  small – маленький; • big – большой;
  
• 
  nice – милый.
  

Производные прилагательные содержат приставки и суффиксы.

•   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   ...   16

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unhappy – несчастливый; • natural – естественный; • useful – полезный.

В английском языке есть список суффиксов, с помощью которых образовываются прилагательные. Если вы знаете эти суффиксы, то в любом тексте без проблем сможете найти прилагательное и понять, от какого слова его образовали. Очень полезный навык, если вы читаете текст на английском, в котором много незнакомых слов. Разобрав незнакомое слово «по кусочкам», вы сможете догадаться о его значении. Например, вы знаете слово use – «использовать». И в тексте натыкаетесь на незнакомое слово useful, которое состоит из двух частей: use + ful = «полный пользы» или «полезный». Приведем список суффиксов, наиболее характерных для прилагательных:

• 
  -able: suitable (подходящий);
  
• 
  -ible: responsible (ответственный);
  
• 
  -al: central (центральный);
  
• 
  -ent: intelligent (умный);
  
• 
  -ary: elementary (элементарный);
  
• 
  -ful: careful (внимательный);
  
• 
  -ic: heroic (героический);
  
• 
  -ive: aggressive (агрессивный);
  
• 
  -less: useless (бесполезный); • -ous: ambitious (амбициозный);
  
• 
  -y: snowy (снежный).
  

Наиболее распространенные приставки:

• 
  un-: unequal (неравный); • in-: incorrect (неправильный).
  
• 
  im-: impolite (невежливый).
  

Сложные прилагательные – это прилагательные, образованные из двух слов.

• 
  snow-white – белоснежный; • red-cheeked – краснощекий.
  

5.Выделите в тексте все прилагательные.

Bill has been in an awful mood since early morning. He woke up with a terrible headache. The ri sing sun was unusually bright, and the sunbeams quickly filled up his bedroom with dazzling wh ite light. Bill sat up in bed. He heard birds chirping outside the window. The sound was so harsh and loud that sharp pain pierced Bill’s head again. In pain, Bill was unable to move. He couldn’t stand this dull ache anymore! The decisive action needed to be taken. There was a small medicin e chest in Bill's bathroom, and there were some strong painkillers in it. Though he felt ill and we ak, Bill started moving slowly towards the bathroom. When he reached white plastic door he pus hed it slightly and came in. Bill stepped up to the bathroom cabinet, opened it and took a small or ange bottle from the shelf. He took two yellow pills out of it and swallowed them. Bill wished th e pain would go away immediately, but it only remitted. Finally, the warm calming feeling filled him and Bill gradually drifted into sleep.

УРОК 4 LESSON 4

English language in Kazakhstan. Types of pronouns

1.Прочтите текст, постарайтесь понять общее содержание Text

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English is the international language all over the world. And there are several result of it. The first is that English is the language of international air traffic control, and is currently developing its role in international maritime, policing, and emergency services. The second is that English is the chief language of international business and academic conferences, and the leading language of international tourism. And finally is that it is the main language of popular music, advertising, satellit broadcasting, home computers, and video games.

Nowadays , in the modern era of globalization, the role of a person ,who knows multi-language, is very big in society. It is clear to all of us that to learn other language and good knowledge of it plays an important role in international relations. Language will develop living with people. By 2020, the number of English-speaking population should increase significantly " Teaching English, from the threshold of the school and in higher education institutions, has a special status. Increase the role of the English language in Kazakhstan made more important the issue of the implementation status of the Kazakh language. There is no harm to learn the language, on the contrary it is the vast benefit. You should not know the native language, but you have to. You must know more than seven languages for recognition of other country the high level of your country.

I think English plays an important role in our life not only because that it helps to communicate with people from other countries but also because it helps to know more about other cultures, traditions and habits .As Kazakhstan is on a way of active integration to the world community a special value is given to English language, the language of the international cooperation. English is the key to young people's knowledge of the world. Fluency in English opens up unlimited opportunities for our young people. He is the guarantor of globalization. The task of the head of state the creation of the state more competitive has made a huge impact on the younger generation.

Knowledge of English, in fact, opens a window to a large global world with the huge flow of information and innovation. Mastering a foreign language makes it possible to study abroad in the best universities of the world and creates the opportunity for practical experience in the leading countries of the world. Knowledge of English is a requirement for networking and doing business. Every year a number of foreign firms and companies are opening in Kazakhstan. Accordingly, we need employees who speak English competently, who is able not only to read a business letter, but for conversation and negotiations. The requirements in terms of knowledge of the English are tightening. Now the basic

knowledge and skills are not enough. It is preferred for people to master a "strong. In order to develop our specialists’ English we should take into consideration that it is necessary to improve the quality of textbooks and teaching materials in English for primary schools, secondary general education and higher education. It is necessary for teachers to use up to date methods of teaching the languages and attract foreign scholars who are successful in this sphere. And also it’s important to ensure equitable access to a full education in English to different categories of students and thus contribute to the preparation of highly qualified individuals who are ready to actively participate in social, economic and political life.

Teaching English in Kazakhstan requires high-quality instruction, culturally appropriate lessons, a creative imagination and an adventuresome and flexible spirit. On the development strategy for the period up to 2050 there is a special emphasis on development of the Kazakh language and th teaching of foreign language.To know foreign language is not fashion, it is the demand of time. Know the native language fluently and honour it. But you must not limit to only one language, you must be versatile. This isn't only your future it is a guarantee of a bright future of a whole nation.

2. Выпишите новые слова ( не менее 10 слов) из текста и составьте с ними предложения.

3.Ознакомьтесь с материалом, запишите краткий конспект. Types of pronouns

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Subject pronouns

Мы их используем вместо subject. I am happy.

You are hungry.

You and I are subject pronouns. По сути это местоимения в именительном падеже.

Какие вы еще знаете subject pronouns?

• 
  I – я (I like this blog )
  
• 
  You – ты или вы (You are reading this right now)
  
• 
  He – он (He is quite handsome)
  
• 
  She – она (She is so cute!)
  
• 
  It – оно (все неживое и животные – cat, dog, paper) It’s my dog.
  
• 
  They – они (They are listening to an interesting story)
  
• 
  We – мы (We study English together)
  

Object pronouns

Местоимения в непрямых падежах – это object pronouns.

То есть Он любит орехи – He likes nuts – это subject pronoun (he)

А если Я люблю ЕГО – его - это непрямой падеж, это object pronoun (him) : I love him.



Как сказать:

1. 
   Ты видишь меня?
   
2. 
   Он говорит с ней каждый день?
   
3. 
   Хочешь пойти с нами?
   

Here are the answers:

1. 
   Do you see me? (me – object, you – subject)
   
2. 
   Does he talk to her every day? (her – object, he – subject)
   
3. 
   Do you want to go with us? (you – subject, us – object)
   

Possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns

Когда что-то кому-то принадлежит, мы используем possessive adjectives.

This is Jane’s car. This is HER car.

Her – это possessive adjective. После possessive adjectives we have nouns.

Если мы хотим сказать – Это моя машина, а это – ее, то мы понимаем, что ее МАШИНА. Но мы не хотим опять говорить машина. Поэтому мы говорим так:

This is my car, and this is hers. Hers = her car. Hers – это possessive pronoun. Ведь pronoun – это местоимение, а когда у нас есть местоимение то noun уже не нужен. После possessive pronoun не используют noun.

It’s my cat. This cat is mine.

This is his house. This house is his.

• 
  Первая колонка – subject pronouns. Местоимения в прямом падеже.
  
• 
  Вторая колонка – object pronouns. Местоимения в непрямых падежах.
  
• 
  Третья колонка – possessive adjectives. После них мы используем nouns.
  
• 
  Четвертая колонка – possessive pronouns. После них мы не используем nouns. There are some other pronouns.
  

Demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those.

• 
  T his – что-то в единственном числе (близко). This apple is very tasty. This is very tasty.
  
• 
  These – много, близко. These apples are very good. These are very good.
  
• 
  That – одно, далеко. That apple is green. That is green.
  
• 
  Those – много, далеко. Those apples were very expensive. Those were expensive. Далеко и близко может быть не только в пространстве, но и во времени. I was very happy that day. That day – день когда-то далеко, тот день.
  

Interrogative pronouns – for questions

W

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e use interrogative pronouns to ask questions about a person or a thing.

For example:

1. 
   Who did this? (кто это сделал?)
   
2. 
   Whom did you meet? (Кого ты встретил?)
   
3. 
   What did you buy? (что ты купил?)
   
4. 
   Which sweater should I wear? (Какой свитер мне одеть?) – Which usually means that we have a specific group to choose from. I have three sweaters, and I’m asking which one from this group I should wear.
   
5. 
   Whose book is this? (Чья это книга?)
   

R eflexive pronouns Compare:

• 
  John saw me in the mirror.
  
• 
  I saw myself in the mirror.
  

We use reflexive pronouns when the subject and the object are the same.

He saw himself, she sent herself a copy of the document.

There are eight reflexive pronouns: Sometimes we use “each other” – друг друга. We helped each other – мы помогали друг другу. We can also use “one another”, it means the same thing. They love one another. Они любят друг друга. These words are called “reciprocal pronouns”.

Relative pronouns

We use them in relative clauses:

• 
  Who – people (Lily is the woman who wrote that wonderful book.)
  
• 
  Which – things and animals (The cat which I saw last week was my neighbor’s.)
  
• 
  Whose – for possessions (The policeman whose job it was to arrest him, could only watch.)
  
• 
  Where – place, area, room etc. (I know the place where they first met.)
  
• 
  When – time, day, year etc. (1980 is the year when I went to college.) Sometimes, we say “that” instead of “which”. This is the book that I told you about.
  

4. Fill the gaps with personal or reflexive pronouns.

1. 
   . He is quit right, I agree with … completely.
   
2. 
   . I looked at … in the mirror and left the house in a very good mood.
   
3. 
   . “Who is it?” — “It’s … may I come in?”
   
4. 
   . Mr. Lloyds is very fat … weighs over a hundred kilos?
   
5. 
   . … introduced his wife to the quests.
   
6. 
   . Where shall … meet, Bob?
   
7. 
   . James took the book and opened ….
   
8. 
   . We don’t dress … for dinner here.
   
9. 
   . I taught … to play the quitar.
   
10. 
    . Selfish people only care about …
    

5. Put “some”, “any” or “no”.

1. 
   . He does his homework without … difficulty.
   
2. 
   . This yeas all the apples are red, we are going out this morning to pick … 3 . I’d like … water, please.
   

4. 
   . There weren’t … tomatoes left.
   
5. 
   . I won’t go with you. I have … free time.
   
6. 
   . There aren’t … students at the moment.
   
7. 
   . Sorry, I have … matches.
   
8. 
   . Do you have … money?
   
9. 
   . The box was empty. There was apples in it.
   
10. 
    . Pour me … milk, please.
    

УРОК 5 LESSON 5

Are you a good English Learner? Infinitive

1.Прочтите текст, постарайтесь понять общее содержание

Text

In this post-method era, when so many approaches and methods to language teaching have come and gone, where reflective teachers are no longer thinking in terms of which ‘label’ to follow or which apostle to bow to, it has become more and more evident that TEFL needs to stop contemplating its own navel and turn to general education theories and principles of learning, to reflect on thinking skills, cognitive abilities and the learners’ emotional make up, to embrace technology as a tool and not as the panacea for all ills.

In this context, good learner studies conducted in the late 70’s and 80’s have become much more relevant and worth revisiting.

Many of the studies were conducted in Canada, with notable names and studies listed below in a sample bibliography.

A summary of the various findings of these studies follows below, a compilation of results found in various studies of good language learners who were found to possess an identifiable set of traits and ways of dealing with their language studies, their language use and certain similar attitudes towards language learning and the target language community.

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