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Will we go to the beach?

Мы пойдем на пляж?

Will your boss agree with our conditions?

Ваш босс согласится с нашими условиями?

В отрицательных предложениях за вспомогательным глаголом следует отрицательная частица not. Вместе они могут быть сокращены до формы won’t: I will not let you down.

Я вас не подведу.

Fred won’t agree to help us.

Фред не согласится нам помочь.

Случаи употребления Future Simple: • Указание на простое действие в будущем: We’ll return in 4 hours.

Мы вернемся через 4 часа.

It will not be easy to convince him. Его будет нелегко убедить. • Регулярные, повторяющиеся действия в будущем:

I promise I’ll visit you every day.

Обещаю, что буду навещать тебя каждый день. • При перечислении последовательности действий в будущем:

I cannot wait for my vacation. I will go to the river, swim and fish every day.

Не могу дождаться своего отпуска. Буду каждый день ходить к речке, купаться и ловить рыбу.

9.Ответьте на вопросы

1. Where will you live in twenty years? 2. What will you do tomorrow? 3.Will you be rich when you are twenty? 4. What will you do next Sunday? 5. What country will you visit next year? 6. Will it snow next winter? 7. Will you be twenty next year? 8. Will you stay at home next weekend?

10. Составьте вопросы в Future Simple

1. (you / ask / him/ about exam) 2. (Jenny / lock / the door) 3. (it / rain) 4. (the teacher / test / our English) 5. (what / they / eat) 6. (when / she / be / back) 7. (who / drive / us / into town) 8.

(where / we / meet) 9. (when / I / be / famous) 10. (what / you / do)

11.Составьте отрицательные предложения в Future Simple

1. 
   (I / answer / the question) 2. (they / drink / beer) 3. (we / send / the postcard) 4. (Vanessa / catch / the ball) 5. (James / open / the door) 6. (we / listen / to the radio) 7. (they / eat / fish) 8. (she / give / him / the apple) 9. (the computer / crash)
   

УРОК 11 LESSON 11

Safety on work place. Modal verbs

1.Прочтите текст о знаках безопасности и сделайте кластер

In some countries safety signs have been categorised into 6 main types in order to apply a consistent design across similar functions. By understanding the types of signs and their purpose, you can determine what you need in your workplace and where to display them.

1. 
   Prohibition Signs – CAN’T DO
   

W hen you need to tell people that they can’t do something, you’ll need a Prohibition Sign – you know, the one with the universally recognisable red circle with a diagonal line through it. Keep people from entering private property with NO ENTRY sign or signal that people aren’t allowed to smoke in an area with a NO SMOKING sign.

2. 
   Mandatory Signs – MUST DO
   

A Mandatory Sign is a must when you have an instruction that has to be followed. You’ll recognise these by a white symbol or pictogram within a blue circle on a white background. If your workplace requires protective clothing or equipment, for instance, you’ll have seen signs like: Foot Protection Must Be Worn In This Area or Hearing and Eye Protection Must Be Worn In This Area. You can also have just

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a word message with no image for Mandatory Signs, with the words in black on a

white rectangular background.

The next 2 types of safety signs are classified Hazard Signs. These signs are about what could KILL or HURT you:

3. 
   D anger Signs – KILL YOU
   

If you need to warn people about potentially life-threatening hazards or hazardous conditions, you need to use a Danger Sign. The familiar red oval inside a black rectangle with the word DANGER in bold, capital letters, alerts people to the threat. Common Danger Signs include HIGH VOLTAGE and DO NOT ENTER.

3. 
   W arning Signs
   

– HURT YOU

When the hazard or hazardous conditions aren’t life-threatening, a Warning Sign lets you know you could still get hurt. These are easy to identify with their yellow background and black triangle around the hazard symbol. SLIPPERY WHEN WET is a commonly recognisable Warning Sign.

The last 2 types of safety signs are informative signs:

5. 
   E mergency Information Signs – SAFETY FIRST
   

If something does go wrong, Emergency Information Signs help people to find the location of, or directions to, your emergency related facilities, like emergency exits, first aid or safety equipment. The green background with white writing and symbols is instantly identifiable for safety, with common signs like, FIRST AID KIT, or EMERGENCY PHONE.

5. 
   F ire Signs – FIRE EQUIP
   

The bright red of Fire Signs makes them easy to spot around fire alarms and firefighting equipment. All text and imagery is white and stands out against the red background. Fire Signs are available to indicate the location of all your fire equipment, like fire extinguishers, fire blankets, fire hoses, and more.

2. 
   Найдите неверные высказывания и исправьте 1) Informative signs can be red or yellow.
   

2. 
   If you need to warn workers about life-threatening hazards, you need to use Warning Signs, like SLIPPERY WHEN WET.
   
3. 
   The location of all your fire equipment is indicated with Fire Signs.
   
4. 
   If you want to tell people that they can’t do something, you’ll need a Prohibition Sign.
   
5. 
   Hazard Signs are about what could KILL or HURT you.
   
6. 
   You need a Mandatory Sign when you have an instruction that has to be followed.
   

3.Прочитайте и запомните

Should(следует), can(мочь) and must(должен) являются модальными глаголами

Модальные глаголы (modal verbs) — это особая группа глаголов. Они не выражают конкретных процессов (действий), а показывают лишь отношение говорящего к действию, оценку действия, т. е. возможность, необходимость, предположительность, долженствование, разрешение и т. д. Само действие выражается обычным глаголом — инфинитивом без частицы «to», который в обязательном порядке используется вместе с модальным глаголом.

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We should understand safety signs

We can wear PPE () to prevent harm to our health

We must follow safety rules

Отрицательная форма модального глагола образуется постановкой после него частицы «not». Зачастую, особенно в устной речи, они сливаются в сокращенную форму.

В вопросе модальный глагол выносится в начало предложения.

Не выражают конкретных процессов (действий), а показывают лишь отношение говорящего к действию, оценку действия

Само действие выражается обычным глаголом — инфинитивом без частицы «to»

Правильно: I must wear mask in the college

Неправильно: I must to wear mask in the college

Не все модальные глаголы имеют формы прошедшего и будущего времени Can – could

Should, must – нет прошедшего времени

MUST

1. 
   Необходимость, обязанность сделать что-то: I must finish the essay till Monday.
   
2. 
   Когда мы вынуждены что-то делать: You must do your homework or you will have problems at school.
   
3. 
   Приказ или запрет (в отрицательной форме, «нельзя») : You must not break the rules.
   

CAN

1. Способность к действию: I can operate this machine 2. Вероятность: Smoking in the prohibited area can cause fire

3. 
   Запрос : Сan you hand me the hard hat?
   
4. 
   Предложение: Can I help you to fix the installation?
   

	Как образуется	Пример
Утверждение	Подлежащее + модальный глагол+смысловой глагол	I can give you my number. – Я могу дать тебе мой номер.
Отрицание	Подлежащее + модальный глагол +not+ смысловой глагол	I can’t give you my number. – Я не могу дать тебе мой номер.
Вопрос	Moдальный глагол + подлежащее + смысловой глагол	Can I give you my number? – Могу я дать тебе свой номер?

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3. 
   Выразить запрет (саn not ): You can’t smoke here
   

SHOULD

1. 
   Даем рекомендацию, совет, мнение о том, что что-то следует сделать: You look bad, so you should use first aid.
   
2. 
   Когда у нас есть моральное обязательство: We should think about safety workplace more often.
   
3. 
   В инструкциях: You should inspect tools carefully.
   

4) Выберите правильный модальный глагол

1. 
   You __________ read the instruction manual if you are not sure how to change the vacuum cleaner bag.
   

should not must can

2. 
   You __________ drink and operate a machine.
   

should not could not don’t have to

3. 
   We __________ share our safety gears with others.
   

should should not can

4. 
   He __________ wear ear plugs if a loud machine is turned on.
   

should must can

5. 
   She __________ keep the lid on all chemicals that are not in use.
   

should have to could

6. 
   You __________ wear a hard hat if you work in a construction site.
   

should must could

7. 
   I __________ learn how to do and administer first aid.
   

could must have to

8. 
   They __________ listen to the radio while cleaning a hotel room.
   

must can should

9. 
   You __________ report any unsafe working condition to your supervisor. should must could
   
10. 
    We __________ keep our work area clean most of the time.
    

have to should can

УРОК 12 LESSON 12

The work place of a programmer. Equivalents of modal verbs

1) Ответьте на вопросы - What is ergonomics?

- Is knowledge of ergonomics useful for you, why?

2. 
   Прочитайте данное определение термина «эргономика», дайте свое определение
   

Ergonomics can roughly be defined as the study of people in their working environment. More specifically, an ergonomist (pronounced like economist) designs or modifies the work to fit the worker, not the other way around. The goal is to eliminate discomfort and risk of injury due to work.

2. 
   Read the recommendations for health and safety for worker given by Tony Clark, an expert of computer ergonomics, for computer workers
   

Tony: There are a number of health and safety problems that may result from the continuous use of computers. Anyone spending more than four hours a day working on a PC may start to suffer from aching hands, neck or shoulders, occasional headaches, and eyestrain.

Worker one: Is there anything we can do to avoid it?

Tony: Yes, there’s a lot you can do. For example, if you take the trouble to position your computer properly, you can avoid backache. Get a good chair, one that supports your lower back and is adjustable so you can change its height and angle. Make sure your feet rest firmly on the floor or on a footrest. Position the keyboard at the same height as your elbows, with your arms parallel to the work surface, and position the monitor at or just below eye level. You should look down at it slightly, not up. Don’t put your monitor in front of a window, and make sure there isn’t a lamp shining directly into your eyes or reflecting off the screen. You should sit at arm's length from the front of the monitor — about 50 to /0 centimetres away. It’s a good idea to have a monitor with a tilt-and-swivel stand. Does anyone know what that is?

Worker two: Yes. | think it’s a kind of stand that lets you move the monitor up or around, so you can use it at the correct angle and height.

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