Файл: Выполнение практических заданий по дисциплине лексикология.docx
ВУЗ: Не указан
Категория: Не указан
Дисциплина: Не указана
Добавлен: 02.12.2023
Просмотров: 665
Скачиваний: 18
ВНИМАНИЕ! Если данный файл нарушает Ваши авторские права, то обязательно сообщите нам.
| Автономная некоммерческая организация высшего образования «МОСКОВСКИЙ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» |
| Кафедра общегуманитарных наук и массовых коммуникаций Форма обучения: заочная/очно-заочная |
ВЫПОЛНЕНИЕ
ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ ЗАДАНИЙ
ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ
Лексикология
_____________________________________________________
Группа Пм21Л171
Студент
Н.В. Максиминюк
МОСКВА 2023
1. Problems for Discussion
1. The Morphemic Structure of the English Word. 2. Major Ways of English
Word Formation: a) Affixation (Derivation); b) Conversion; c) Word
Composition; d) Shortening (Contraction). 3. Minor Ways of English Word
Formation: a) Onomatopoeia (Sound-Imitation); b) Reduplication; c) BackFormation (Reversion).
1. The italicized words in the following jokes and extracts are formed by
derivation. Write them out in two columns:
A.Those formed with the help of productive affixes.
B. Those formed with the help of non-productive affixes.
1. Willie was invited to a party, where refreshments were bountifully served.
"Won't you have something more, Willie?" the hostess said. "No, thank you,"
replied Willie, with an expression of great satisfaction. "I'm full." "Well, then,"
smiled the hostess, "put some delicious fruit and cakes in your pocket to eat on the way home." "No, thank you," came the rather startling response of Willie, "they're full too."
Refreshments – (Some Productive Affixes):
Bountifully – Some Non-Productive Affixes
Hostess – Some Productive Affixes
Expression – Some Productive Affixes
Satisfaction – Some Productive Affixes
Delicious – Some Non-Productive Affixes
Startling - Some Productive Affixes
2.The scene was a tiny wayside railway platform and the sun was going down behind the distant hills. It was a glorious sight. An intending passenger was chatting with one of the porters. "Fine sight, the sun tipping the hills with gold," said the poetic passenger. "Yes," reported the porter; "and to think that there was a time when I was often as lucky as them 'ills."
Distant – Some Productive Affixes
Glorious – (Some Non-Productive Affixes)
intending passenger – Some Productive Affixes
poetic – Some Productive Affixes
lucky - Some Productive Affixes
3."You have an admirable cook, yet you are always growling about her to your friends." "Do you suppose I want her lured away?"
Admirable – Some Productive Affixes
Lured - Some Productive Affixes
4.Patient: Do you extract teeth painlessly? Dentist: Not always — the other day I nearly dislocated my wrist.
Painlessly- Some Non-Productive Affixes
Abnormal - Some Productive Affixes
5.The inspector was paying a hurried visit to a slightly overcrowded school. "Any abnormal children in your class?" he inquired of one harassed-looking teacher. "Yes," she replied, with knitted brow, "two of them have good manners."
Abnormal - Some Productive Affixes
2.Say what parts of speech can be formed with the help of the affixes: -ness, -ous, -ly, -y, -dom, -ish, -tion, -ed, -en, -ess, -or, -er, -hood, -less, -ate, -ing, -al, -ful, un-, re-, im (in)-, dis-, over-, ab.
-hood, -er, -or, -ness, -dom, -tion, -ess, -or, -er, -ing, – Noun
-less, -ous, -ly, -y, -ish, -al, -ful, un, -hood, -less, -al, -ful, -un, - re, -im, - dis, - over, - ab – Adjective
-ate, -ing, -en, -ed, -ate, - Verb
3.Deduce the meanings of the following derivatives from the meanings of their constituents. Explain your deduction. What are the meanings of the affixes in the words under examination?
Reddish, adj-insufficiency of quality= red but not quite красноватый
Оverwrite, v.; переписать, написатьслишкоммного 1: to write over the surface of 2: to write in inflated or overly elaborate style, prefix over means beyond some quantity, limit, or norm
Irregular, adj.; prefix ir means negation 1) lacking perfect symmetry of form
2) lacking continuity or regularity of occurrence, activity, or function 3)failing to occur at regular or normal intervals нерегулярный, неправильный
Illegals adj.; prefix il means negation, незаконный,
Retype, v.; means repetition перепечатать
Old-womanish, adj.;- resembling or befitting an old woman
старушечий; суетливый; беспокоящийсяпопустякам
Disrespectable, adj.;negation неуважительный, suffix able means ability to certain action=worthy of respect
Inexpensive, adj.; prefix in means negation-недорогой
Unladylike, adj.; prefix un means “do the opposite of : reverse (a specified action)”, suffix like means “resembling a lady in appearance or manners” or “becoming or suitable to a lady” несвойственный, неженственный
Disorganize, v.;to destroy or interrupt the orderly structure or function of, prefix dis means contrary-дезоргнизовать
Renew, u.; means repetition-обновить
Eatable, adj.; (fit or good to eat) съедобный
Overdress, u.; prefix over means beyond some quantity, limit, or norm- одетьсяслишкомнарядно
Disinfection, п.; negation and contrary-дезинфекция
Snobbish, adj.;suffix -ish means “being, characteristic of, or befitting a snob” пафосный
Handful, п.; горсть, пригоршня -prefix ful means full of
Tallish, adj.; rather tall, but not quite, i. e. approaching the quality of big size- достаточновысокий
Sandy, adj.; suffix y 1) consisting of or containing sand : full of sand 2) sprinkled with sand 3) of the color sand- песочный
Breakable, adj.;ломкий, хрупкий (capable of being broken)
Underfed, adj.:prefix under means “below or short of some quantity, level, or limit” ( to feed with too little food)- недокормленный
4.In the following examples the italicized words are formed from the same root by means of different affixes. Translate these derivatives into Russian and explain the difference in meaning.
a) Sallie is the most amusing person in the world — and Julia Pendleton the least so. b) Ann was wary, but amused. А) Салли самый смешной человек в мире – и Джулия Пендлентон менее смешная. B) Энн опасалась, но была довольна. Amusing -забавный, смешной, занятный, занимательный amused -позабавило, довольный
a) He had a charming smile, almost womanish in sweetness, b) I have kept up with you through Miss Pittypat but she gave me no information that you had developed womanly sweetness. А)У нее была очаровательная улыбка, чуть по-женски сладкая. Б) Я поддержала вас с Мисс Питтепат, но она не дала мне информации, которую вы развивали по женственным сладостям womanish 1) женоподобный 2) женский womanly женственный; мягкий, нежный
a) I have been having a delightful and entertaining conversation with my old chum, Lord Wisbeach. b) Thanks for your invitation. I'd be delighted to come. А) у меня был восхитительный и развлекательный разговор с моим старым приятелем, Лордом Висбеах Б) Спасибо за ваше приглашение. Я буду рад приехать delightful восхитительный, очаровательный delighted delight – удовольствие, наслаждение, развлечение; радовать, восхищать; доставлять большое удовольствие
a) Sally thinks everything is funny — even flunking — and Julia is bored at everything. She never makes the slightest effort to be pleasant, b) — Why are you going to America? — To make my fortune, I hope. — How pleased your father will be if you do. А)Салли считает, что все это смешно - даже уклонился - а Юлии скучно во всем. Она никогда не делает ни малейшей попытки понравится. Б) - Зачем вы едете в Америку? - Чтобы сделать мою судьба, я надеюсь. - Как ваш отец рад будет, если вы сделаете be pleasant быть приятным; радостный; милый, симпатичный; славный pleased довольный
a) Long before |he reached the brownstone house... the first fine careless rapture of his mad outbreak had passed from Jerry Mitchell, leaving nervous apprehension in its place. b) If your nephew has really succeeded in his experiments you should be awfully careful. А) Задолго до того он добрался до коричневого дома… Первое небрежное восхищение прошло безумной вспышкой прошло от Джерри Митчелла, оставляя нервную настороженность на своем месте. Б) Если ваш племянник действительно преуспел в своих экспериментах вы должны быть очень осторожны. Careless- небрежный, невнимательный Careful - заботливый, проявляющий заботу
a) The trouble with college is that you are expected to know such a lot of things you've never learned. It's very confusing at times. b) That platform was a confused mass of travellers, porters, baggage, trucks, boys with magazines, friends, relatives. Проблема колледжа в том, что вы должны знать такое множество, которое вы никогда не знали. Это сбивает с толку. б) Эта платформа была беспорядочной массой туристов, носильщиков, багажа, грузовых автомобилей, мальчиков с журналами, друзей, родственников. confusing сбивающий с толку confuse – (confuse with) смешивать, путать confused смущённый; озадаченный; поставленный в тупик, сбитый с толку; поражённый confuse – (confuse with) смешивать, путать
a) At last I decided that even this rather mannish efficient woman could do with a little help. b) He was only a boy not a man yet, but he spoke in a manly way. а) Наконец я решил, что даже эта довольно умелая (знающая свое дело, квалифицированная) мужеподобная женщина могла бы это сделать с небольшой помощью. mannish (прил.) мужеподобная, неженственная свойственный мужчине б) Он был всего лишь мальчиком, еще не мужчиной, но говорил он как мужчина.manly (прил.) мужественный, отважный, смелый, храбрый мужеподобный
a) The boy's respectful manner changed noticeably. b) It may be a respectable occupation, but it Sounds rather criminal to me. а) Почтительное поведение мальчика заметно изменились. respectful (прил.) почтительный; вежливый б) Возможно, это и приличное занятие, но мне кажетя, что дельце попахивает криминалом. respectable (прил.) а) почтенный; респектабельный; приличный б) заслуживающий уважения достаточный; допустимый; приемлемый
a) "Who is leading in the pennant race?" said this strange butler in a feverish whisper, b) It was an idea peculiarly suited to her temperament, an idea that she might have suggested herself if she had thought of it ...this idea of his fevered imagination. а) «Кто лидирует в гонке?" спросил этот странное дворецкий взволнованным шепотом. feverish (прил.) лихорадочный; возбуждённый, беспокойный; взволнованный, встревоженный б) Это была идея, особенно подходившая для ее темперамента, мысль, что она могла предложилть себя, если бы она думала об этом ... это идея его воспаленного воображения. (бред какой то). fevered (прил.) лихорадочный; возбуждённый.
5.Explain the difference between the meanings of the following words produced from the same root by means of different affixes. Translate the words into Russian.
As adjectives the difference between watery and waterish is that watery is wet, soggy or soaked with water while waterish is watery. Waterish – водянистый. Watery – мокрый.
Embarrassed is what the person who feels embarrassement is. Embarrassing is the thing that causes someone to be embarrassed. Embarrassed – смущенный. Embarrassing – смущающий.
As adjectives the difference between manly and mannish is that manly is having the characteristics of a man while mannish is of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or suitable for a man. Manly – мужественный. Mannish – мужеподобный
As adjectives the difference between colourful and coloured is that colourful. Colourful – красочный. Coloured – цветной.
Respected is the past tense of respect, you could say he was respected or also use it in present, he is respected by his family. He is respectable, means that people can respect him because of his good (proper) behavior. He is respectful, this means he is proper to others, he respects others and his actions prove it. Respected – уважаемый. Respectful - почтительный. Respectable – респектабельный.
If you are exhausted, you are very tired. If an activity is exhausting, it is very tiring. An exhaustive study or description is thorough and complete. Exhausted – исчерпанный. Exhausting – изнурительный. Exhaustive – исчерпывающий.
We use bored when we talk about how we feel, i.e. you say you are bored because you have nothing to do or you are doing something uninteresting. We use the word boring when we are talking about the cause of something that has made us bored, that is, something that is boring, uninteresting. Bored – скучающий. Boring – скучный.
As adjectives the difference between touchy and touching and touched is that touchy is extremely sensitive or volatile; easily disturbed to the point of becoming unstable; requiring caution or tactfulness while touching is provoking sadness and pity. Touched is emotionally moved (by), made to feel emotion. Touchy – обидчивый. Touching – трогательный. Touched – тронутый.
6. Find the homonyms in the following extracts. Classify them into homonyms proper, homographs and homophones
| homonyms | homographs | Homophones |
| tail / tale | row | Made/ maid |
| knight / night | match | Sea/ see |
| bread / bred | right | |
| | wind | |
| | face | |
| | left | |
| | lead | |
| | drink | |
7. Subdivide all the following words of native origin into: a) Indo-european, b) Germanic, c) English proper
1) words of Indo-European origin: sister, widow, day, swine, lip, corn, sun, green, seven, ten, know, eat, ship, tooth, sand, grass, silver, long, we, glove, slow
2) words of Germanic origin: swine, green, sand, grass,
3) English proper words: woman, lady, girl, bird, boy,
8. Find the homonyms proper for the following words; give their Russian equivalents.
1. band — a company of musicians-группа, банда 2. seal — a warm-blooded, fish-eating seal animal- тюлень, пломба, found chiefly in cold regions. 3. ear — the grain-bearing spike of a cereal plant, as in corn-колос,ухо. 4. cut — the result of cutting-резать, порез. 5. to bore — to make a long round hole, esp. with a pointed tool that is turned round-сверлить, скучать. 6. corn— a hard, horny 3 thickening of the skin, esp. on the foot-зерно, крупинка. 7. fall — the act of falling, dropping or coming down-падать, падение. 8. to hail — to greet, salute, shout an expression of welcome-град,. 9. draw — something that attracts attentiоn-рисовать, привлекать.
9. Find the homophones to the following words, translate them into Russian or explain their meanings in English.
Die Умереть - Dye красить. Cent цент – scent запах. Tail хвост – tale сказка. Sea море - see видеть. Weak слабый - week неделя. peace мир - piece кусок. son солнце - sun солнце. meat мясо - meet встречать. steal украсть - steel сталь. knight рыцарь - night ночь. some несколько - sum сумма. coarse шероховатый - course блюдо. Write писать — right право. sight вид, зрение - site территория. hear слышать - here здесь.