ВУЗ: Не указан

Категория: Не указан

Дисциплина: Не указана

Добавлен: 11.12.2023

Просмотров: 183

Скачиваний: 1

ВНИМАНИЕ! Если данный файл нарушает Ваши авторские права, то обязательно сообщите нам.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

«NDT Edu» Ж0C0?:5@Hі;і3і H5:B5C;іA5@і:B5ABі3і">20@8I5AB2> A >3@0=8G5==>9>B25BAB25==>ABLN«NDT Edu» ВИЗ#АЛ0H/Й KOH" OЛ01 !>45@60=85B2545=85 3&5@<8=>;>38O 31. (878G5A:85 п@8=F8пK <5B>40 8 A2O70==K5 A =8<8 7=0=8O 41.1.OA=>2=K5 п>;>65=8O 41.2. OA2I5=585 5 1.3. OпB8G5A:85 п@8=F8пK 82.O1>@C4>20=85 13 3. И=D>@<0F8O 4> п@>2545=8O :>=B@>;O 8 п@>2545=85 :>=B@>;O 20#@8;>65=85 1 З0:;NG5=85 п> @57C;LB0B0< 287C0;L=>3> :>=B@>;O 36#@8;>65=85 2 И=AB@C:F8O (B5E=>;>38G5A:0O :0@B0) =0 п@>2545=85 287C0;L=>3>:>=B@>;O 37#@8;>65=85 3 #@8<5@ п@>B>:>;0 8AпKB0=89 п> 287C0;L=><C :>=B@>;N 39#@8;>65=85 4 Cп8A>: HД =0 >1J5:BK 40В2545=85 В87C0;L=K9 :>=B@>;L – =5@07@CH0NI53> <5B>4 :>=B@>;O >A=>20==K9 =0 2708<>459AB288 A25B>2>3> 87;CG5=8O A :>=B@>;8@C5<K< >1J5:B><. -B> 548=AB25==K9<5B>4 =5@07@CH0NI53> :>=B@>;O, :>B>@K9 <>65B 2Kп>;=OBLAO 8 G0AB> 2Kп>;=O5BAO 157:0:>3>-;81> >1>@C4>20=8O 8;8 п@>2>48BAO A 8Aп>;L7>20=85< п@>AB59H8E 87<5@8B5;L=KE A@54AB2. O= п>72>;O5B 2KO2;OBL п>25@E=>AB=K5 п>@K 8 B@5I8=K, п>4@57K, :@0B5@K, п@>6>38, A28I8, =0п;K2K, A<5I5=8O :@><>: 8 4@C385 45D5:BK. K =54>AB0B:0< <5B>40 <>6=> >B=5AB8 =87:CN 25@>OB=>ABL >1=0@C65=8O <5;:8E п>25@E=>AB=KE 45D5:B>2, 0 B0:65 7028A8<>ABL 2KO2;O5<>AB8 45D5:B>2 >B AC1J5:B82=KE D0:B>@>2 (>AB@>B0 7@5=8O, CAB0;>ABL, >пKB @01>BK 2Kп>;=ONI53> :>=B@>;L Aп5F80;8AB0) 8 CA;>289 :>=B@>;O (>A25I5==>ABL, >пB8G5A:89 :>=B@0AB 8 4@.). &5< =5 <5=55 п@>AB>B0, <0;0O B@C4>5<:>ABL 8 >п@545;5==0O 8=D>@<0B82=>ABL 287C0;L=>3> 8 87<5@8B5;L=>3> :>=B@>;O 45;0NB 53> >1O70B5;L=K< 8 п@54H5AB2CNI8< п@>2545=8N=5@07@CH0NI53> :>=B@>;O 4@C38<8 <5B>40<8. K0:8<8 1K C=8:0;L=K<8 =8 1K;8 <5B>4K 8 A@54AB20 п>A;54CNI8E :>=B@>;L=KE >п5@0F89, :>=B@>;L 8745;89 =0G8=05BAO A287C0;L=>3> >A<>B@0 =52>>@C65==K< 3;07><. H0 >пB8<0;L=>< 4;O 3;07 @0AAB>O=88 2 250<< @07;8G0NB 45B0;8 @07<5@><

T5@<8=>;>38O

1. $878G5A:85 п@8=F8пK <5B>40 8 A2O70==K5 A =8<8 7=0=8O

1.1.OA=>2=K5 п>;>65=8O

1.2. OA2I5=585

1.3. OпB8G5A:85 п@8=F8пK

2.O1>@C4>20=85

T01;8F0 2 – K>=B@>;8@C5 п0@0<5B@K 8 B@51>20=8O : 287C0;L=> :>=B@>;N п>;CD01@8:B>2 K>=B@>;8@C5<K9п0@0<5B@ &@51>20=8O : :>=B@>;N 1.H0@C6=K9480<5B@ (D=),2=CB@5==89 480<5B@(D2) И7<5@5=85 D= 8 D2 A >1>8E :>=F>2 B@C1K. И7<5@5=85 D2 2Kп>;=ONB п@8 п>AB02:5 B@C1 п> 2=CB@5==5 480<5B@C. 2.&>;I8=0 ;8AB0, AB5=:8 B@C1K (S=) И7<5@5=85 S= A >1>8E :>=F>2 B@C1K =5 <5=55 G5<2 42CE A5G5=8GE. И7<5@5=85 S= ;8AB0 =5 <5=55 G5< 2 42CE A5G5=8OE (п> 4;8=5, H8@8=5) A :064>9 AB>@>=K ;8AB0. 3. O20;L=>ABLB@C1 (0) И7<5@5=85 @07<5@0 4A >1>8E :>=F>2 B@C1K 4. K@8287=0B@C1K (1) И7<5@5=85 :@8287=K =0 CG0AB:5 1 < 2 42CEA5G5=8OE п> 4;8=5. 5. Д;8=0 B@C1K,;8AB0 (L) И7<5@5=85 =5 <5=55 3 B@C1 (;8AB>2) 87 п0@B88 6. (8@8=0 ;8AB0(B) И7<5@5=85 =5 <5=55 3 ;8AB>2 >B п0@B88 7. &@5I8=K, п;5=K, @20=8=K, 70:0BK, @0:>28=K, @0AA;>5=8O OA<>B@ =0@C6=>9 п>25@E=>AB8 =52>@C65==K< 3;07><; >A<>B@ 2=CB@5==59 п>25@E=>AB8 B@C1=52>>@C65==K< 3;07>< (п@8 =0;8G88 4>ABCп0) 8 A п><>ILN п5@8A:>п0, M=4>A>:п0 8 B.п. #D<@9K4A1.K>=B@>;N 2 A>>B25BAB288 A> AB@>:0<8 1-4 п>4;560B =5 <5=55 50% B@C1 (;8AB>2) >B п0@B88.2. K>=B@>;N 2 A>>B25BAB288 A> AB@>:>9 7 п>4;568B =5 <5=55 10% 4;8=K :064>9 B@C1K (п;>I048 п>25@E=>AB8 ;8AB0). 3.#@8 =52>7<>6=>AB8 2Kп>;=5=8O 287C0;L=>3> :>=B@>;O 2=CB@5==59 п>25@E=>AB8 B@C1 4>пCA:05BAO 2K@57:0 :>=B@>;L=KE >1@07F>2 4;8=>9 200 << 2:>;8G5AB25 =5 <5=55 2 HB. 8 8E >A<>B@ п>A;5 2K@57:8. #@8 =5>1E>48<>AB8, 8Aп@02;5=85 <5AB0 2K@57:8 2Kп>;=ONB 2 A>>B25BAB288 A B@51>20=8O<8 =>@<0B82=KE4>:C<5=B>2, @0Aп@>AB@0=ONI8EAO =0 B@C1K :>=:@5B=KE 284>2. OC9D4J>BAFDBzP B87C0;L=K9 :>=B@>;L п>43>B>2:8 8 A1>@:8 45B0;59 8 A1>@>G=KE 548=8F п>4 A20@:C.#D<CB87BFB6>989F4z9=CB8E64D>G6<;G4zPAO@>BAFDBz9@CDB69DONF: -=0;8G85 <0@:8@>2:8 8 (8;8) 4>:C<5=B0F88, п>4B25@640NI59 п@85<:C п>;CD01@8:0B>2, 45B0;59, A1>@>G=KE 548=8F 8 8745;89 п@8 2E>4=>< :>=B@>;5;-=0;8G85 <0@:8@>2:8 873>B>28B5;O =0 45B0;OE, п>43>B>2;5==KE п>4 A20@:C;-=0;8G85 C40;5=8O <5E0=8G5A:8< пCB5< 7>=K B5@<8G5A:>3> 2;8O=8O 2 <5AB5 B5@<8G5A:>9 (>3=52>9) @57:8 703>B>2>: (=5>1E>48<>ABL 4>;6=0 1KBL C:070=0 2:>=AB@C:B>@A:>9 8;8 B5E=>;>38G5A:>9 4>:C<5=B0F88);-35><5B@8G5A:CN D>@<C >1@01>B0==KE :@><>: 8 @07<5@K 8E @0745;:8 (C3>; A:>A0, B>;I8=C 8 H8@8=C п@8BCп;5=8O), 2 B.G. п@8 п>43>B>2:5 45B0;59 A @07;8G=>9=><8=0;L=>9 B>;I8=>9 AB5=:8;- 35><5B@8G5A:CN D>@<C >1@01>B0==KE 2=CB@5==8E п>25@E=>AB59 :>;LF52KE 45B0;59 8 8E @07<5@K;- @07<5@K (480<5B@, 4;8=0, C3>; 2KE>40 @57F0) @0AB>G:8 (@0740G8) :>=F>2 B@C1 п> 2=CB@5==5 480<5B@C;- D>@ п>4:;04=KE п;0AB8= (:>;5F) 8 @0Aп;02;O5 2AB02>:, 0 B0:65 8E @07<5@K (H8@8=0, B>;I8=0, C3;K A:>A0, 480<5B@);- @07<5@K M;5<5=B>2 A5:B>@=KE >B2>4>2;- п5@п5=48:C;O@=>ABL B>@F>2 п>43>B>2;5==KE п>4 A20@:C F8;8=4@8G5A:8E 45B0;59 : 8E >1@07CNI8<;- <8=8<0;L=CN D0:B8G5A:CN B>;I8=C AB5=:8 F8;8=4@8G5A:>9 45B0;8 п>A;5 @0AB>G:8 п> 2=CB@5==5 480<5B@C; - @07<5@K >B25@AB89 п>4 HBCF5@ (п0B@C1>:) 8 >1@01>B:8 :@><>: 2 B@C15 (:>;;5:B>@5, :>@пCA5);- B>;I8=C 8 H8@8=C п>4:;04:8 2 70<:>2>< A>548=5=88;- =0;8G85 7020@:8 @07J5<0 п>4:;04=>9 п;0AB8=K (:>;LF0), :0G5AB2> H20 7020@:8 п>4:;04=>9 п;0AB8=K (:>;LF0), 0 B0:65 =0;8G85 70G8AB:8 H20 7020@:8 @07J5<0 п>4:;04=>9 п;0AB8=K (:>;LF0);- H8@8=C 7>=K <5E0=8G5A:>9 70G8AB:8 =0@C6=>9 8 2=CB@5==59 п>25@E=>AB59 45B0;59 8 H5@>E>20B>ABL п>25@E=>AB59 :@><>: 8 п@8;530NI8E п>25@E=>AB59 45B0;59, 2 B. G. <5AB0 70G8AB:8 H20 @07J5<0 >AB0NI59AO п>4:;04=>9 п;0AB8=K (:>;LF0);- G8AB>BC (>BACBAB285 703@O7=5=89, пK;8, п@>4C:B>2 :>@@>788, 2;038, <0A;0 8 B. п.), п>4;560I8E A20@:5 (=0п;02:5) :@><>: 8 п@8;530NI8E : =8< п>25@E=>AB59, 0 B0:65 п>4;560I8E =5@07@CH0NI5<C :>=B@>;N CG0AB:>2.#D<E5BD>989F4z9=CB8E64D>G6<;G4zPAO@>BAFDBz9@CDB69DONF:- п@028;L=>ABL CAB0=>2:8 п>4:;04=KE п;0AB8= (:>;5F);- п@028;L=>ABL CAB0=>2:8 2@5<5==KE B5E=>;>38G5A:8E :@5п;5=89, @07<5@K H2>2 8E п@820@:8, 0 B0:65 @0AAB>O=85 >B :@><:8 @0745;:8 4> B5E=>;>38G5A:>3> :@5п;5=8O 8 @0Aп>;>65=85 :@5п;5=89 п> 4;8=5 (п5@8<5B@C) A>548=5=8O (п@8 =5>1E>48<>AB8, 2 A;CG05 AA;8 2 B5E=8G5A:>9 4>:C<5=B0F88 >3>2>@5=> @0AAB>O=85 <564C A>A54=8<8:@5п;5=8O<8);- п@028;L=>ABL A1>@:8 8 :@5п;5=8O 45B0;59 2 A1>@>G=KE п@8Aп>A>1;5=8OE;- 25;8G8=C 707>@0 2 A>548=5=88, 2 B. G. <564C 45B0;LN 8 п>4:;04=>9 п;0AB8=>9 (:>;LF><);- @07<5@ A<5I5=8O :@><>: (2=CB@5==8E 8 =0@C6=KE) A>1@0==KE 45B0;59;- @07<5@ п5@5:@KB8O 45B0;59 2 =0E;5AB>G=>< A>548=5=88;- п@028;L=>ABL @0Aп>;>65=8O п@8E20B>:, 8E :>;8G5AB2> 8 :0G5AB2>, 0 B0:65 @07<5@K (4;8=0, 2KA>B0) п@8E20B>: 8 8E @0Aп>;>65=8O п> 4;8=5 (п5@8<5B@C) A>548=5=8O (п@8 =5>1E>48<>AB8, 2 A;CG05, 5A;8 MB> >3>2>@5=> B5E=8G5A:>9 4>:C<5=B0F859, B0:65 @0AAB>O=8O <564C A>A54=8<8 п@8E20B:0<8); - @07<5@ 707>@0 2 70<:5 @0Aп;02;O5<>9 п@>2>;>G=>9 2AB02:8;- @07<5@ п5@5;><0 >A59 F8;8=4@8G5A:8E 45B0;59 B@C1K 8 п;>A:>AB59 п;>A:8E 45B0;59 (;8AB>2); - @07<5@ =5A>>A=>AB8 >A59 HBCF5@0 8 >B25@AB8O 2 :>@пCA5 (B@C15);- @07<5@ =5A>2п045=8O (>B:;>=5=8O) >A59 2 C3;>2KE A>548=5=8OE B@C1;- 35><5B@8G5A:85 (;8=59=K5) @07<5@K C7;0, A>1@0==>3> п>4 A20@:C (2 A;CG0OE,>3>2>@5==KE B5E=8G5A:>9 4>:C<5=B0F859);- п@028;L=>ABL CAB0=>2:8 п@8Aп>A>1;5=89 4;O п>44C20 70I8B=>3> 3070;- п@028;L=>ABL =0=5A5=8O 0:B828@CNI53> D;NA0 8 70I8B=>9 D;NA-п0ABK;- =0;8G85 8 @07<5@ H8@8=K 70I8B=>3> п>:@KB8O >B 1@K73 @0Aп;02;5==>3><5B0;;0 =0 п>25@E=>AB8 45B0;59 87 0CAB5=8B=KE AB0;59, A20@82059 4C3>2>9 8 п>;C02B><0B8G5A:>9 (02B><0B8G5A:>9) A20@:>9 п;02OI8<AO M;5:B@>4>< 2 A@545 70I8B=>3> 3070;- G8AB>BC :@><>: 8 п@8;530NI8E : =8< п>25@E=>AB59 45B0;59.B87C0;L=><C :>=B@>;N п>43>B>2:8 8 A1>@:8 45B0;59 п>4 A20@:C п>4;560B =5 <5=55 20% 45B0;59 8 A>548=5=89 87 G8A;0 п@54AB02;5==KE : п@85<:5.#@8 2KO2;5=88 >B:;>=5=89 >1J5< 2K1>@>G=>3> :>=B@>;O 4;O 3@CппK >4=>B8п=KE 45B0;59 (A>548=5=89) C25;8G820NB 242>5. #@8 2KO2;5=88 >B:;>=5=89 2 C42>5==>92K1>@:5 3@CппC 45B0;59, п>43>B>2;5==>9 : п@85<:5, п>425@30NB Aп;>H=><C :>=B@>;N. B87C0;L=K9 :>=B@>;L C40;5=8O 7>=K B5@<8G5A:>3> 2;8O=8O 2 <5AB5 B5@<8G5A:>9 (>3=52>9) @57:8 2Kп>;=ONB =0 :064>9 45B0;8, п>425@302H59AO @57:5, п@8 MB>< =0 :@><:0E @0745;:8 =5 4>;6=> 1KBL A;54>2 @57:8 (4; 45B0;59 87 =87:>C3;5@>48ABKE,<0@30=F>28ABKE 8 :@5<=5<0@30=F>28ABKE AB0;59) 8 A;54>2 @07<5B:8 (:5@=5=85),=0=5A5==>9 =0 =0@C6=>9 п>25@E=>AB8 45B0;59 п>A;5 @57:8.&@51>20=8O : 2Kп>;=5=8N 287C0;L=>3> :>=B@>;O п@8 п>43>B>2:5 45B0;59 п>4 A1>@:C п@82545=K 2 B01;8F5 3, 0 п@8 A1>@:5 A>548=5=89 п>4 A20@:C - 2 B01;8F5 4.564c>1   ...   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   ...   20

T01;8F0 3 – K>=B@>;8@C5 п0@0<5B@K 8 A@54AB20 87<5@5=89 п@8

T01;8F0 5. T@51>20=8O : 87<5@5=8O<

П@8;>65=85 1 З0:;NG5=85 п> @57C;LB0B0< 287C0;L=>3> :>=B@>;O

T01;8F0 5. T@51>20=8O : 87<5@5=8O<


K>=B@>;8@C5<K9

п0@0<5B@

C@54AB20 87<5@5=89. &@51>20=8O : 87<5@5=8O<

1. (8@8=0 H20*

(B0=35=F8@:C;L 8;8 C=825@A0;L=K5. И7<5@5=8O

>3>2>@5==KE 4>:C<5=B0;L=>.

H01;>=K, 2 B. G. 2Kп>;=ONB 2 <5AB0E,

2. BKпC:;>ABL

H20*

&> 65.**

3.#@52KH5=85

п@>п;020 H20*

(B0=35=F8@:C;L. И7<5@5=8O 2Kп>;=ONB 2 <5AB0E,

>3>2>@5==KE

4>:C<5=B0;L=>, 2 7>=5 <0:A8<0;L=>9

25;8G8=K***

4. B>3=CB>ABL

:>@=O H20*

(B0=35=F8@:C;L, 2 B. G. <>45@=878@>20==K9. И7<5@5=8O 2Kп>;=ONB 2 2 - 3 <5AB0E 2 7>=5 <0:A8<0;L=>9

25;8G8=K***.

5. Г;C18=0

п>4@570 (=5п>;=>3> 70п>;=5=8O @0745;:8)

(B0=35=F8@:C;L, 2 B. G. <>45@=878@>20==K9. #@8Aп>A>1;5=85

4;O 87<5@5=8O 3;C18=K п>4@57>2 8=48:0B>@=>3>

B8п0.

6.K0B5B C3;>2>3>

H20*

(B0=35=F8@:C;L 8;8 H01;>=K, 2 B. G. Aп5F80;L=K5. И7<5@5=8O

2Kп>;=ONB 2 <5AB0E >3>2>@5==KE 4>:C<5=B0;L=>.

7. BKA>B0, 2KпC:;>ABL 8

2>3=CB>ABL C3;>2>3> H20

(01;>=K, 2 B>< G8A;5 Aп5F80;L=K5. $07<5@K

>п@545;ONB @0AG5B=K< пCB5< B>;L:> п@8 =0;8G88 B@51>20=89 >3>2>@5==KE

4>:C<5=B0;L=>.

8. '5HC9G0B>ABL

H20*

Oп@545;ONB @0AG5B=K< пCB5< :0: @07=>ABL 87<5@5==KE 2KA>B 42CE A>A54=8E G5HC5:. И7<5@5=8O

2Kп>;=ONB =5 <5=55 G5< 2 4 B>G:0E п> 4;8=5 H20.

9. Г;C18=0

70п040=89 <564C

20;8:0<8*

(B0=35=F8@:C;L, 2 B. G. <>45@=878@>20==K9. Oп@545;ONB @0AG5B=K< пCB5< :0: @07=>ABL 87<5@5==KE 2KA>B 42CE A>A54=8E

20;8:>2. И7<5@5=8O 2Kп>;=ONB =5 <5=55 G5< 2 4

B>G:0E п> 4;8=5

H20.

10. $07<5@K

(480<5B@, 4;8=0, H8@8=0) >48=>G=KE

=5Aп;>H=>AB59

ЛCп0 87<5@8B5;L=0O.

:0640O =5Aп;>H=>ABL.




И7<5@5=8N п>4;568B

11.&>;I8=0

=0п;02;5==>3> 0=B8:>@@>78>==>3> п>:@KB8O

&>;I8=><5@. H0 F8;8=4@8G5A:8E п>25@E=>ABOE 87<5@5=8O 2Kп>;=ONB =5 <5=55 G5< G5@57 0,5 < 2 >A52><

=0п@02;5=88 8 G5@57 :064K5 60° п> >:@C6=>AB8 п@8 @CG=>9 =0п;02:5 8 90° п@8

02B><0B8G5A:>9 =0п;02:5.

H0 п;>A:8E 8 AD5@8G5A:0E п>25@E=>ABOE 2Kп>;=ONB =5 <5=55 1 87<5@5=8O =0 :064>< CG0AB:5 @07<5@>< 4> (0,5E0,5) < п@8 02B><0B8G5A:>9 =0п;02:5.

12.#5@5;>< >A59

И7<5@5=8O 2Kп>;=OB

2

<5AB0E, C:070==KE 2





F8;8=4@8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2, C3;>2>5 A<5I5=85 п;>A:>AB59 45B0;59,

=5A8<<5B@8G=>ABL HBCF5@0

=>@<0B82=KE 8 :>=AB@C:B>@A:8E 4>:C<5=B0E.

#@8<5G0=8O

1. Д>пCA:0NBAO 4@C385 Aп>A>1K 8 A@54AB20 87<5@5=89, >15Aп5G820NI85 B@51C5
=>@<0B82=K<8 B5E=8G5A:8<8 4>:C<5=B0<8 B>G=>ABL 87<5@5=8O п0@0<5B@>2 A20@=KE H2>2.

2 '5HC9G0B>ABL 8 3;C18=C 70п040=89 <564C 20;8:0<8 H20 4>пCA:05BAO

87<5@OBL =0 A;5п:5, A=OB>< A :>=B@>;8@C5<>3> CG0AB:0. Д;O 873>B>2;5=8O A;5п:0 п@8<5=ONB п;0AB8;8=, 2>A:, 38пA 8 4@C385 <0B5@80;K. И7<5@5=8O 2Kп>;=ONB 87<5@8B5;L=>9 ;Cп>9 8;8 =0 <8:@>A:>п5 п>A;5 @07@57:8 A;5п:0 <5E0=8G5A:8< пCB5<.
*#@8 :>=B@>;5 ABK:>2KE A20@=KE A>548=5=89 B@C1 =0@C6=K< 480<5B@>< =5 1>;55 89 << A G8A;>< >4=>B8п=KE A>548=5=89 1>;55 50 =0 >4=>< 8745;88 4>пCA:05BAO

87<5@5=85 @07<5@>2 H20 2Kп>;=OBL =0 10 - 20 % A>548=5=89 2 1 - 2 A5G5=8OE,

** Д;O 45B0;59 >4=>3> B8п>@07<5@0 (480<5B@, B>;I8=0) п@8 @07;8G=>< @0Aп>;>65=88 C@>2=59 8E =0@C6=KE п>25@E=>AB59 87<5@5=8O 2Kп>;=ONB

>B=>A8B5;L=> C@>2=O =0@C6=>9 п>25@E=>AB8 45B0;8, @0Aп>;>65==>9 2KH5 C@>2=O

=0@C6=>9 п>25@E=>AB8 4@C3>9 45B0;8. Д;O 45B0;59 A @07;8G=>9 B>;I8=>9 AB5=:8 п@8 @07;8G=>< @0Aп>;>65=88 C@>2=59 8E =0@C6=KE п>25@E=>AB59 87<5@5=8O 2Kп>;=ONB

>B=>A8B5;L=> ;8=88, A>548=ONI59 :@0O п>25@E=>AB8 H20 2 >4=>< A5G5=88.

*** #@8 @07;8G=>< @0Aп>;>65=88 C@>2=59 2=CB@5==8E п>25@E=>AB59 45B0;59 87<5@5=8O

2Kп>;=ONB >B=>A8B5;L=> 2=CB@5==59 п>25@E=>AB8 45B0;8, @0Aп>;>65==>9

2KH5 (п@8 87<5@5=88 2>3=CB>AB8 :>@=O H20) 8;8 =865 (п@8 87<5@5=88 п@52KH5=8O п@>п;020) C@>2=O 2=CB@5==59 п>25@E=>AB8 4@C3>9 45B0;8.



B87C0;L=K9 :>=B@>;L A20@=KE :>=AB@C:F89 (C7;>2, M;5<5=B>2)
B A20@=KE :>=AB@C:F8OE (C7;0E, M;5<5=B0E) 287C0;L=K< :>=B@>;5< п@>25@ONB: a) H0 2A5E :>=AB@C:F8OE (C7;0E, M;5<5=B0E):

- >B:;>=5=85 п> 2708<=><C @0Aп>;>65=8N M;5<5=B>2 A20@=>9 :>=AB@C:F88;

- =0;8G85 <0@:8@>2:8 A20@=KE A>548=5=89;

- =0;8G85 <0@:8@>2:8 A20@=KE :>=AB@C:F89 (C7;>2);

- >BACBAB285 п>25@E=>AB=KE п>2@5645=89;

- >BACBAB285 =5C40;5==KE п@820@=KE M;5<5=B>2 (B5E=>;>38G5A:8E :@5п;5=89, 2K2>4=KE п;0=>:, 3@515=>:, 1>1KH5: 8 B. п.).

1) H0 3=CBKE :>;5=0E B@C1:

- >B:;>=5=85 >B :@C3;>9 D>@ (>20;L=>ABL) 2 ;N1>< A5G5=88 3=CBKE B@C1 (:>;5=);

- B>;I8=C AB5=:8 2 @0ABO=CB>9 G0AB8 3=CB>3> CG0AB:0 B@C1K;

- @048CA 3=CB>3> CG0AB:0 B@C1K (:>;5=0);

- 2KA>BC 2>;=8AB>AB8 (3>D@K) =0 2=CB@5==5< >12>45 3=CB>9 B@C1K (:>;5=0);

- =5@>2=>AB8 (п;02=K5) =0 2=5H=5< >12>45 (2 A;CG0OE, >3>2>@5==KE 4>:C<5=B0;L=>);

- п@545;L=K5 >B:;>=5=8O 3010@8B=KE @07<5@>2.
b) H0 B@>9=8:0E 8 :>;;5:B>@0E A 2KBO=CB>9 3>@;>28=>9:

- M:AF5=B@8A8B5B >A8 3>@;>28=K >B=>A8B5;L=> >A8 :>@пCA0;

- @048CAK п5@5E>40 =0@C6=>9 8 2=CB@5==59 п>25@E=>AB59 3>@;>28=K : :>@пCAC;

-@07<5@K <5AB=KE C3;C1;5=89 >B 8=AB@C<5=B0 =0 2=CB@5==59 п>25@E=>AB8 B@>9=8:0;

- C<5=LH5=85 480<5B@0 :>@пCA0 2A;54AB285 CBO6:8 <5B0;;0 п@8 2KA04:5 (2KBO6:5) 3>@;>28=K;

- C3>; :>=CA0 =0 =0@C6=>9 п>25@E=>AB8 п0B@C1:0;

-<5AB=>5 CB>;I5=85 AB5=:8 3>@;>28=K, >20;L=>ABL п@O<KE CG0AB:>2 :>@пCA0 B@>9=8:0 п> =0@C6=><C 480<5B@C 2 <5AB5 @07J5<0 HB0<п0;

- :>;LF52>9 H>2 п@8A>548=5=8O п5@5E>4=>3> :>;LF0.

3) H0 п5@5E>40E, 873>B>2;5==KE <5B>40<8 п>4:0B:8 (п>A;54>20B5;L=>3> >168<0),

>A04:8 2 B>@5F 8 20;LF>2:>9 ;8AB>2>9 AB0;8 A п>A;54CNI59 A20@:>9:

- @07<5@K C3;C1;5=89 8 @8A>: =0 2=CB@5==59 п>25@E=>AB8 >160B>3> :>=F0,

=>AOI8E E0@0:B5@ C68<8=;

- CB>;I5=85 AB5=:8 =0 :>=8G5A:>9 G0AB8 п5@5E>40;

- D>@<C 8 @07<5@K H20, >BACBAB285 =54>пCAB8<KE п>25@E=>AB=KE 45D5:B>2.

4) H0 A20@=KE 8745;8OE (45B0;OE) - B@>9=8:0E, D;0=F52KE A>548=5=8OE, A5:B>@=KE >B2>40E, :>;;5:B>@0E, B@C1=KE 1;>:0E 8 B. 4.:

- @07<5@K п5@5:>A>2 >A59 F8;8=4@8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2;

- п@O<>;8=59=>ABL >1@07CNI59 8745;8O;

- >B:;>=5=85 HBCF5@0 (п@820@8205<>9 B@C1K, п0B@C1:0) >B п5@п5=48:C;O@=>AB8

>B=>A8B5;L=> :>@пCA0 (B@C1K, ;8AB0), 2 :>B>@K9 220@8205BAO HBCF5@ (B@C10, п0B@C1>:);

- >B:;>=5=85 >A59 :>=F52KE CG0AB:>2 A20@=KE A5:B>@=KE >B2>4>2;

- :@8287=C (п@>381) :>@пCA0 (B@C1K) A20@=KE C3;>2KE A>548=5=89 B@C1 (220@:0 B@C1K, HBCF5@0);

- >B:;>=5=85 @07<5@>2, >п@545;ONI8E @0Aп>;>65=85 HBCF5@>2 2 1;>:0E;

- >B:;>=5=85 >A8 п@O<KE 1;>:>2 >B п@>5:B=>3> п>;>65=8O;

- >B:;>=5=85 3010@8B=KE @07<5@>2 A20@=KE 45B0;59 8 1;>:>2.

K>=B@>;L 35><5B@8G5A:8E @07<5@>2 :>;5= 8 3=CBKE B@C1, 0 B0:65 п@O<KE 3=CBKE 45B0;59 8 1;>:>2 2Kп>;=ONB <5B>4>< п;078@>20=8O (=0;>65=85< =0 п;07 A :>=B@>;L=K< G5@B56><) A п>A;54CNI8< 87<5@5=85< >B:;>=5=89 87<5@8B5;L=K< 8=AB@C<5=B>< (;8=59:0, ICп, HB0=35=F8@:C;L, H01;>=, >пB8G5A:85 п@81>@K 8 4@.). И7<5@5=8O

>B:;>=5=89 3=CBKE B@C1 (:>;5=) 2Kп>;=ONB >B=>A8B5;L=> =0@C6=>9 п>25@E=>AB8. CE5<K 87<5@5=89 >B45;L=KE >B:;>=5=89 п@82545=K =0 @8AC=:5 20.

B5;8G8=C >20;L=>AB8 2 ;N1>< A5G5=88 45B0;8 A, % (<<), 2KG8A;ONB п> D>@ (1), (2) 8;8 (3):



И7<5@5=8O Dimax 8 Dimin 2Kп>;=ONB 2 п>п5@5G=>< A5G5=88 45B0;8, 8<5NI59
=081>;LH85 >B:;>=5=8O.



$8A. 20 . CE5<0 87<5@5=89 >B45;L=KE >B:;>=5=89 B@C1=KE 45B0;59 8 1;>:>2 И7<5@5=85 B>;I8=K AB5=:8 3=CBKE 45B0;59 (M;5<5=B>2), 2 B. G. BKBO=CB>9

3>@;>28=K B@>9=8:>2 8 :>;;5:B>@>2, 0 B0:65 CB>;I5=8O AB5=:8 =0 :>=8G5A:>9 G0AB8 п5@5E>40, 873>B>2;5==>3> <5B>40<8 п@>:0B:8 8 >A04:8 2 B>@5F, 2Kп>;=ONB C;LB@072C:>2K<8 B>;I8=><5@0<8.

#5@5;>< >A59 B@C1=KE 45B0;59 8 п@O<>;8=59=>ABL >1@07CNI59 >п@545;ONB 2 2- 3 A5G5=8OE 2 7>=5 <0:A8<0;L=>3> п5@5;><0 (>B:;>=5=8O >1@07CNI59 >B п@O<>;8=59=>AB8), 2KO2;5==>3> п@8 287C0;L=>< :>=B@>;5. И7<5@5=85 2Kп>;=ONB 2 A>>B25BAB288 A B01;8F59 4 (AB@>:0 14).

OB:;>=5=85 >B п5@п5=48:C;O@=>AB8 =0@C6=>9 п>25@E=>AB8 (>A8) HBCF5@0 :

:>@пCAC (B@C15) >п@545;ONB 2 42CE 2708<=> п5@п5=48:C;O@=KE A5G5=8OE (A<. @8AC=>:

21).

Д80<5B@ B@C1K D (d), <<, 2KG8A;ONB п> D>@ (4):



Г45 $– 4;8=0 >:@C6=>AB8, 87<5@5==0O @C;5B:>9, <<; Ã 3,1416

t-B>;I8=0 ;5=BK @C;5B:8, <<.

$8A.21. И7<5@5=85 >B:;>=5=85 (··) >B п5@п5=48:C;O@=>AB8 =0@C6=>9 п>25@E=>AB8 HBCF5@0
Э>ECzG4F4JAO=>BAFDBzPF9IA9E>GEFDB=EF6<EBBDG:9A<=
H0 AB0488 M:Aп;C0B0F8>==>3> :>=B@>;O 287C0;L=K< :>=B@>;5< п@>25@ONB:

- =0;8G85 <5E0=8G5A:8E п>2@5645=89 8 8E @07<5@K;

- =0;8G85 D>@<>87<5=5=8O M;5<5=B>2 :>=AB@C:F89 (45D>@<8@>20==K5 CG0AB:8,

:>@>1;5=85, п@>28A0=85 8 4@C385 >B:;>=5=8O >B п5@2>=0G0;L=>3> @0Aп>;>65=8O), @07<5@K 45D>@<8@>20==KE CG0AB:>2, >20;L=>ABL F8;8=4@8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2 8 п@O<>;8=59=>ABL (п@>381) >1@07CNI59 :>=AB@C:F88 (M;5<5=B0);

- =0;8G85 B@5I8= 8 4@C38E п>25@E=>AB=KE 45D5:B>2, >1@07>202H8EAO (п>;CG82H8E @0728B85) 2 п@>F5AA5 M:Aп;C0B0F88;

- =0;8G85 <5E0=8G5A:>3> 87=>A0 8 D0:B8G5A:CN B>;I8=C AB5=:8;

- =0;8G85 :>@@>78>==KE п>2@5645=89 8 8E @07<5@K.

#DBFB>Bz>BAFDBzO

Д>:C<5=B8@>20==K9 >BG5B 4>;65= A>45@60BL A;54CNICN п>4@>1=CN 8=D>@<0F8N:

0) 40B0 8 <5AB> п@>2545=8O :>=B@>;O;

b) п@8<5=5==K9 Aп>A>1 :>=B@>;O;

A) :@8B5@88 п@85<:8 8/8;8 AAK;:0 =0 4>:C<5=B8@>20==CN п@>F54C@C/8=AB@C:F8N;

d) >1>@C4>20=85 8/8;8 8Aп>>;L7>20==K9 Aп>A>1, 2:;NG0O B5E=>;>38N;

e) AAK;:0 =0 B@51>20=8O 70:07G8:0;

f) =0720=85 >@30=870F88, п@>2>482H59 :>=B@>;L;

g) >п8A0=85 8 845=B8D8:0F8O >1J5:B0 :>=B@>;O;

h) 45B0;L=>5 >п8A0=85 @57C;LB0B>2 :>=B@>;O 2 >B=>H5=88 :@8B5@852 п@85<:8

i) 7>=K 8 >1J5< :>=B@>;O;

j) 8<O 8 п>4п8AL Aп5F80;8AB0, п@>2>482H53> :>=B@>;L, 40B0;

k) 8<O 8 п>4п8AL Aп5F80;8AB0, >ACI5AB2;O2H53> =047>@, 40B0, 2 A;CG05

=5>1E>48<>AB8;

l) <0@:8@>2:0 :>=B@>;8@C5<>9 45B0;8;

m) @57C;LB0BK.

ЭB0 8=D>@<0F8O B0:65 <>65B A>45@60BL AAK;:C =0 >п8A0=85 п@>F5AA0 8/8;8 8=AB@C:F88 п@>2545=8O :>=B@>;O.



0>0>5b>
1   ...   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   ...   20

П@8;>65=85 1 З0:;NG5=85 п> @57C;LB0B0< 287C0;L=>3> :>=B@>;O







П@8;>65=85 2 И=AB@C:F8O (B5E=>;>38G5A:0O :0@B0) =0 п@>2545=85 287C0;L=>3> :>=B@>;O

И=AB@C:F8O (B5E=>;>38G5A:0O :0@B0) =0 п@>2545=85 287C0;L=>3> 8 87<5@8B5;L=>3> :>=B@>;O








































- 2

-










-

ВИK





































































































































1. П@548A;>285
























































































O1;0ABL п@8<5=5=8O

ABK:>2K5 A20@=K5 A>548=5=8O ;8AB>2 A>AC40 1-9 3@. п> ГOC& $ 52630-2012

H>@<0B82=0O 4>:C<5=B0F8O





























































































































































п@8<5G0=85










&5E=>;>38O :>=B@>;O

C& ISO 17637-2013




-
















1.







-

OF5=:0 :0G5AB20

2.

ГOC& 5264-80






















3.







C17

2. T@51>20=8O : п5@A>=0;C















































































Aп5F80;8ABK BИK 4>;6=K 1KBL 0BB5AB>20=K =0 C@>25=L =5 =865 2

3. Oп8A0=85 >1J5:B0 :>=B@>;O










































































H08<5=>20=85

EFO>B6B9 E64DAB9 EB98




0B5@80;

AB0;L