Файл: Practice with keys.pdf

What

Saturday evening?

f)

I started this job five years ago.

been

I have

five years.

g)

Is this car yours?

you

Do

car?

Look at those black clouds! It's

rain.

i) Our twenty-fifth wedding anniversary is in June next year.

for

By June next year we

twenty-five years.

j) I haven't been to the cinema for two months.

time

The

the cinema was two months ago.

another patient, so I (1)

sat.

(sit) in the waiting room and

(2)

(read) some of the old magazines lying there. While I

(3)

(wonder) whether to leave and come back another day, I

(4)

(notice) a magazine article about teeth. It

(5)

(begin): 'How long is it since you last

(6)

(go) to the dentist? (7)

(you go)

regularly every six months? Or (8)

(you put off) your visit for

The dentist (9)

(say): 'I'm afraid this (10)

(hurt).' I (11)

(suddenly realise) that my tooth

(12)

(stop) aching. But just as I (13)

(open)

the door to leave, the dentist's door (14)

(open). 'Next please,'

he (15)

(call), as the previous patient (16)

(push) past me. 'Actually I'm not here to see you, I (17)

(wait)

for my friend,' I (18)

(shout), leaving as rapidly as I could.

(19)

(you ever do) this kind of thing? Surely I can't be the

only person who (20)

(hate) the dentist!

The latest news

Dear Linda,

I'm sorry I (1)

B.

to you for so long, but I (2)

very busy lately. All last month I (3)

exams, and I

(4)

anything else but study for ages. Anyway, I

(5)

studying now, and I (6)

for my exam

results.

As you can see from this letter, I (7)

my address and

(8)

in Croydon now. I (9)

that I wanted a

change from central London because it (10)

so expensive. A

friend of mine (11)

me about this flat, and I

(12)

here about two months ago. When you

(13)

to London this summer, please visit me. I

(14)

here until the middle of August. Then I

(15)

on holiday to Scotland.

1)

A don't write

B haven't written

C am not writing

D wasn't writing

2)

A was being

B had been

C am

D have been

3)

A had

B was having

C had had

D have had

4)

A haven't done

B don't do

C wasn't doing

D am not doing

5)

A stop

B will have stopped

C have stopped

D was stopping

6)

A wait

B am waiting

C have waited

D was waiting

7)

A am changing

B had changed

C will change

D have changed

8)

A will live

B have been living

Clive

D have lived

9)

A decided

B have decided

C was deciding

D decide

10)

A will become

B becomes

C has become

D will have become

11)

A tells

Btold

C was telling

D will tell

12)

A have moved

B had moved

C was moving

D moved

13)

A will come

B came

C come

D were coming

14)

A am staying

B stayed

C stay

D have stayed

15)

A have gone

B went

C am going

D will have gone

With tense

• Summary of tense changes

changes

Tenses move back in time after a past tense reporting verb.

'I agree.'

Peter said

he

agreed.

I'm

leaving.'

Jane

said she

was leaving.

But the past perfect remains the same.

'No,

I hadn't forgotten.'

Greg said that he hadn't forgotten.

For Modals (can, may,

must,

should) see Grammar 16.

'I gave

you this yesterday.'

John said he had given it to her the day before.

Other words of this kind appear in the Practice section.

Without tense

•

Present tense reports

changes

If the reporting verb is in the present tense, there is no change.

Brenda says she's arriving at about 6.00.

•

Past tense reports

If the reported words are 'always true', there is no change.

Harry told me that he still likes you.

If a message is being repeated immediately, there is no change.

Mary said she's too busy to come.

Questions

•

Reporting questions

Yes/No questions are reported using if. The verb does not have a question

form, but has the form of a normal statement. There is no question mark.

'Do you

like hamburgers?

Charles

asked me if I liked hamburgers.

We can use a phrase like Could you tell me or Do you know to ask for

information in a polite way. Note the word order.

'Where is the station?'

'Could you

tell me where the station is?'

When we report this kind of question we use ask and the usual tense change

rules.

I asked him where the

station was.

Commands and

• Commands are reported with tell and the infinitive.

requests

'Go away!'

He told

me to go away.

- Requests are reported

with ask and the infinitive.

'Please help me.'

He asked her to help him.

Reporting verbs

•

Say or tell?

We say something and we tell somebody.

I said I could meet you

this evening,

but I'm really busy.

I told you I could meet you this evening, but I'm really busy.

We can use to after say,

but we never use to between tell and the object.

/ said to him

that I'd

meet him this

evening.

•

Other reporting verbs

Exercises 8 and 9 in the Practice section use some other common reporting

verbs. The meaning and grammar of each verb can be found in a good

dictionary and should be learned. For example:

She suggested going to the beach.

(suggest + -ing form)

She offered to give me a lift.

{offer + infinitive)

She reminded me to call my mother.

(remind + object + infinitive)

Paraphrase

It is often impossible or unnecessary to report every word spoken.

'Excuse me, do you think you could tell me the time?'

He asked me what

the

time was.