Файл: О.А. Ставцева Английский язык. Методические указания и устные материалы для выполнения контрольных работ №1, 2, 3 для студентов заочного обучения горно-строительного профиля.pdf

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4. If mixed together these substances give a compound (сложное вещество) with the properties not found in any natural matter.

III. Запишите предложения и подчеркните в них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите.

1.Our laboratory has to investigate a series of accidents that have taken place in the locality within the last three months.

2.Every future electrician should know such terms as elecrtric current, voltage, electric motive force and resistance.

3.Pressures in our experimental work will not be allowed to exceed 5,500 psi (pounds per square inch).

4.For a long time scientists were unable to discover the secret of the

atom.

IV. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слова it.

1.The Sun is a huge source of energy; it produces all our food and fuel.

2.It is obvious that we have to do all possible to reduce atmospheric pollution.

3.It was Sergei Lebedev who worked out the method for the industrial production of synthetic rubber.

V.Прочитайте весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 4, 5 и 6.

PYOTR KAPITSA

1.The name of Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa speaks for itself: in history of physics there are few scientists that can be placed next to him.

2.Kapitsa was the son of a general, a famous military engineer who had built the Kronstadt fortress. He graduated from the electromechanical faculty of the Petersburg Polytechnic Institute – perhaps the best technical educational establishment in Russia at that time. It was there that he took interest in physics.

3.In 1921 Kapitsa was sent abroad to continue studying. The young physicist attracted universal attention at the world-famous Cavendish Laboratory headed by Ernest Rutherford, the founder of experimental nuclear physics. Very soon Kapitsa established an unusual record – he

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completed the laboratory course in two weeks instead of the usual two years. After that, Rutherford took personal interest in him and Kapitsa became his favorite pupil.

4.In 1934 Kapitsa returned to Russia and was appointed a director of the Institute of Physical Problems. During the war years he began to work in an entirely new field of science and technology – high-power (высоковольтный) electronics.

5.It is known today that electronics means small currents. Electronic devices – electronic tubes, for example, – operate on electrons, that is, particles having a very small mass and a very high mobility. At that time scientists thought that it was impossible to transmit great amounts of power over long distances by means of electronics. Kapitsa disproved this “axiomatic truth” and showed that the electrons were able to transmit millions of kilowatts of energy over great distances.

6.Kapitsa’s high-power electronics has a fantastic future. Electric power will flow all over the country. Using waveguides (волновод) mankind will be able to send it directly to Earth satellites and orbital stations in space.

VI. Просмотрите абзац 3 и выберите из предложенных вариантов правильное продолжение предложения: A lot of scientists were interested in Kapitsa ... . Запишите все предложение и переведите его.

1)because he was Rutherford’s favorite pupil.

2)because he needed only two weeks to complete his study.

3)because he was the head of the Cavendish Laboratory.

Вариант 5

I. Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и залог. Переведите, обращая особое внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1.The splitting of the atom has opened to man a new and enormous source of energy.

2.The colour of petrolium varies from light yellow to red.

3.The development of this hypothesis was undertaken by numerous investigators.

4.The chemical properties of this substance are greatly affected by solar radiation.

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II.Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них причастия, укажите их вид (Participle I или Participle II) и определите их самостоятельную функцию (определение или обстоятельство). Переведите.

1.Doing the research you must follow the recommendations given in this handbook.

2.The figures mentioned in his report will be published in the next issue of this scientific journal.

3.When measured the pressure was much higher than it was expected.

4.The experiment marking the beginning of modern nuclear physics was made by E. Rutherford.

III.Запишите предложения и подчеркните в них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите.

1.Statistical analysis is used when the facts can be presented in numbers.

2.These researchers will have to use piezoelectric substance (quartz crystals) in their ultrasonic generator.

3.As the construction of the sporting complex was an international project, scientists from different countries had to take part in the experiments.

4.The foreman is the person who gives instructions how the work is to be done.

IV. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слова it.

1.It was important to test the properties of the material before using it as a protective coating.

2.These substances remain in water making it poisonous for many forms of life.

3.It is light weight of this metal which made it possible to use it for rocket construction.

V.Прочитайте весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 2, 3 и 4.

ACADEMICIAN LAVRENTYEV

1. No problem in physics, mechanics and many other branches of science can be solved without mathematics. One of the brilliant representatives of this field is the Russian mathematician Michail

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Lavrentyev. As his father was a mathematics lecturer the boy often heard scientific conversation at home. This, he said, was the stimulus for his first interest in science.

2.Studying at Moscow University he came under the influence of a leading Russian mathematician N.N. Luzin whose research formed the basis for a new school of mathematics. It was that school which greatly influenced M. Lavrentyev’s life.

3.He was teaching practically all his life, combining it with research work. One of his theoretical studies led to an unexpected result which could be applied to the problem of cumulative (кумулятивный, направленный) explosions. Thanks to a theory of controlled explosions developed by Lavrentyev it became possible to predict how much and where rock and soil which were to be exploded could move. This theory was applied when damming a river to prevent the floods damaging Alma-Ata.

4.A special creation of the Academician was the Siberian Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences or Academgorodok as it is more known. Lavrentyev is often referred to as ‘father’ of Academgorodok because it was him who flew around Siberia in the 1950s and chose the spot for the new science town near Novisibirsk. There were good reasons for the town’s location in Siberia because this area was potentially very rich and needed a scientific and technological base for its development.

5.Today Academgorodok is based on a triangle which is organically linked with Lavrentyev’s own life. His personal experience showed that successful research was impossible without its high quality, close links between science and industry, training of the next scientific generation.

VI. Просмотрите 5-й абзац теста и ответьте на вопрос: Why is the basis of Academgorodok called a ‘triangle’? Запишите и переведите вопрос и ответ.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3

Для выполнения этой работы используйте следующие разделы курса.

1.Грамматические функции и способы перевода слов that, one.

2.Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do.

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3.Простая форма инфинитива (Infinitive) и его функции: подлежащее, составная часть сказуемого, дополнение, определение, обстоятельство цели.

4.Бессоюзные дополнительные и определительные придаточные предложения.

Вариант 1

I.Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и залог. Переведите.

1.Great efforts have been undertaken by man in the area of the environment protection.

2.They could not solve this complex problem without applying digital computers.

3.The development of automatic control systems is being paid much attention to.

4.The worker was told to increase the pressure up to 25 atmospheres.

II.Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слов that (those) и one (ones).

1.This cleaning device is much more efficient than that one.

2.The word “power” means energy that can be used for doing useful work.

3.In those days there was no radio, flying was a dream, and cinema was only one year old.

4.One must know these laws and be able to use them in practice.

III.Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1.This polymer was being widely used as a building material.

2.In order to get reliable data the technologist will have to do calculations once more.

3.The lasers used to perform welding operations can be also applied for cutting metals.

4.The engineer did not refer to the new techniques applied at our plant.

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IV. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на бессоюзные дополнительные и определительные придаточные предложения.

1.Everyone knows electricity produces heat.

2.The device the engineer is speaking about will be used for water purification.

V.Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива (Infinitive).

1.Throughout human history man has invented tools, machines, materials and techniques to make his life easier.

2.To explain this process was to demonstrate some schemes, tables and diagrams.

3.To reduce pollutants from enterprises, industry was forced to change combustion processes and to add controllers.

4.The properties of polymers to be applied as protective films are being constantly improved.

VI. Прочитайте весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание. Перепbшите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2 и 3.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

1.Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, acid rains and the global warming connected with the ‘greenhouse effect’.

2.The seas filled with poison – industrial and nuclear wastes as well as chemical substances – are in danger. The Mediterranean Sea is already nearly dead, the next are the North and the Aral ones. Scientists say every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out for ever. If nothing is done, one million species that are alive today will disappear in twenty years from now, nothing will be able to live in them.

3.A very serious problem is air pollution. We know industrial enterprises emit tons of harmful substances. Being the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains these emissions have disastrous consequences for the whole planet. Of special danger is carbon dioxide (Co2) working as follows: it lets the sunlight in but does not let the heat out. In Cairo even to breath the air is life threatening. One may say the same of

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Mexico City and 600 cities of the former Soviet Union. An even greater environmental threat is presented by atomic power stations. Everyone knows the consequences of the Chernobyl and other atomic stations’ tragedies.

4. The poisoning of the Earth’s land, air, and water results in the fastspreading disease of civilization. It is probably not less dangerous than wars, earthquakes and floods, it is one of history’s greatest dangers to human life. If present trends continue for the next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable. Understanding that environmental problems are their own problems people are beginning to join and support various international organizations and green parties.

VII. Просмотрите 4-й абзац и ответьте на вопрос: Why does the author compare the planet’s pollution with wars, earthquakes and floods?

Запишите и переведите вопрос и ответ.

Вариант 2

I.Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и залог. Переведите.

1.The solar eclipse is always being watched with great interest.

2.We expect that the technology used at our plant will have been greatly improved.

3.Every living organism is affected by the level of the air, water and soil solution.

4.The man testing the engine belongs to the team responsible for the equipment.

II.Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слов that (those) и one (ones).

1.If nothing is done about ecology, one day nothing will be able to live in the world.

2.One should know that there are two things that do not belong to any one country: air and ocean water.

3.Britain has a number of highly developed industries – shipbuilding and machine-building are among the leading ones.

4.We should combine the old methods with those presented by the chief engineer last month.

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III. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1.The scientific revolution of the 16th century was the first time when science and technology began to work together.

2.The results of their experiments with these substances have not been published.

3.They had to increase the efficiency of this power plant by applying new steam boilers.

4.In order to get strong material some more aluminium is to be added.

IV. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на бессоюзные дополнительные и определительные придаточные предложения.

1.The properties of materials the designers use for space technologies do not react on temperature changes.

2.We know some territories are considered dangerous for living in them.

V.Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива (Infinitive).

1.Ultrasonic waves are used to detect defects inside metal parts.

2.To gain control over nature means to know its laws and not to break them.

3.In order to maintain electric current, a steady electric field has to be provided.

4.The method to be introduced at our plant was developed some years ago and proved very efficient.

VI. Прочитайте весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 2, 3 и 4.

WATER AND AIR POLLUTION

1. We cannot live without water and air, the pollution of which is the factor destroying the environment in big cities. Even Paris where there is no heavy industry is to protect its water resources. The problem is being solved by building pollution-control stations. To clean the water from admixtures and gases before it goes into the water supply systems both mechanical and biological means have to be used. The atmosphere is polluted mainly by