Файл: BASCOM AVR, help reference (2007).pdf

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© MCS Electronics, 1995-2007

Syntax

CLOCKDIVISON = var

Remarks

Var

Variable or numeric constant that sets the clock division. Valid values

are from 2-129.

A value of 0 will disable the division.

On the MEGA 103 and 603 the system clock frequency can be divided so you can save power for instance. A value of 0 will disable the clock divider. The divider can divide from2 to 127. So the other valid values are from 2 - 127.

Some routines that rely on the system clock will not work proper anymore when you use the divider. WAITMS for example will take twice the time when you use a value of 2.

See also

POWERSAVE

Example

$regfile = "m103def.dat"

' specify the used

micro

' used crystal

$crystal = 8000000

frequency

' use baud rate

$baud = 19200

$hwstack = 32

' default use 32

for the hardware stack

' default use 10

$swstack = 10

for the SW stack

' default use 40

$framesize = 40

for the frame space

Config Com1 = Dummy , Synchrone = 0 , Parity = None , Stopbits = 1 , Databits = 8 , Clockpol = 0

Clockdivision = 2

CLOSE

Action

Closes an opened device.

Syntax

OPEN "device" for MODE As #channel

CLOSE #channel

Remarks

Device

The default device is COM1 and you don't need to open a channel to use

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© MCS Electronics, 1995-2007

INPUT/OUTPUT on this device.

With the implementation of the software UART, the compiler must know to

which pin/device you will send/receive the data.

So that is why the OPEN statement must be used. It tells the compiler about

the pin you use for the serial input or output and the baud rate you want to

use.

COMB.0:9600,8,N,2 will use PORT B.0 at 9600 baud with 2 stop bits.

The format for COM1 is : COM1:

Some chips have 2 UARTS. You can use COM2: to open the second HW

UART.

The format for the software UART is: COMpin:speed,8,N,stop

bits[,INVERTED]

Where pin is the name of the PORT-pin.

Speed must be specified and stop bits can be 1 or 2.

An optional parameter ,INVERTED can be specified to use inverted RS-232.

Open "COMD.1:9600,8,N,1,INVERTED" For Output As #1 , will use pin

PORTD.1 for output with 9600 baud, 1 stop bit and with inverted RS-232.

MODE

You can use BINARY or RANDOM for COM1 and COM2, but for the software

UART pins, you must specify INPUT or OUTPUT.

Channel

The number of the channel to open. Must be a positive constant >0.

The statements that support the device are PRINT , INPUT and INPUTHEX , INKEY, WAITKEY.

Every opened device must be closed using the CLOSE #channel statement. Of course, you must use the same channel number.

The best place for the CLOSE statement is at the end of your program.

The INPUT statement in combination with the software UART, will not echo characters back because there is no default associated pin for this.

For the AVR-DOS filesystem, you may place the CLOSE at any place in your program. This because the filesystem supports real file handles.

See also

OPEN , PRINT

Example

'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------

: open.bas

'name

'copyright

: (c) 1995-2005, MCS Electronics

'purpose

: demonstrates software UART

'micro

: Mega48

'suited for demo

: yes

'commercial addon needed

: no

'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------

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© MCS Electronics, 1995-2007

$regfile = "m48def.dat"

' specify the used

micro

' used crystal

$crystal = 10000000

frequency

' use baud rate

$baud = 19200

$hwstack = 32

' default use 32

for the hardware stack

' default use 10

$swstack = 10

for the SW stack

' default use 40

$framesize = 40

for the frame space

Dim B As Byte

'Optional you can fine tune the calculated bit delay 'Why would you want to do that?

'Because chips that have an internal oscillator may not

'run at the speed specified. This depends on the voltage, temp etc. 'You can either change $CRYSTAL or you can use

'BAUD #1,9610

'In this example file we use the DT006 from www.simmstick.com 'This allows easy testing with the existing serial port

'The MAX232 is fitted for this example.

'Because we use the hardware UART pins we MAY NOT use the hardware UART 'The hardware UART is used when you use PRINT, INPUT or other related statements

'We will use the software UART.

Waitms 100

'open channel for output

Open "comd.1:19200,8,n,1" For Output As #1 Print #1 , "serial output"

'Now open a pin for input

Open "comd.0:19200,8,n,1" For Input As #2

'since there is no relation between the input and output pin 'there is NO ECHO while keys are typed

Print #1 , "Number" 'get a number

Input #2 , B 'print the number

Print #1 , B

'now loop until ESC is pressed

'With INKEY() we can check if there is data available

'To use it with the software UART you must provide the channel

Do

'store in byte

B = Inkey(#2)

'when the value > 0 we got something

If B > 0 Then

'print the

Print #1 , Chr(b)

character

End If

Loop Until B = 27

Close #2

Close #1

'OPTIONAL you may use the HARDWARE UART

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© MCS Electronics, 1995-2007

'The software UART will not work on the hardware UART pins 'so you must choose other pins

'use normal hardware UART for printing 'Print B

'When you dont want to use a level inverter such as the MAX-232 'You can specify ,INVERTED :

'Open "comd.0:300,8,n,1,inverted" For Input As #2

'Now the logic is inverted and there is no need for a level converter 'But the distance of the wires must be shorter with this

End

CLOSESOCKET

Action

Closes a socket connection.

Syntax

CloseSocket socket [ , prm]

Remarks

Socket

Prm

The socket number you want to close in the range of 0-3. When the socket is already closed, no action will be performed.

An optional parameter to change the behavior of the CloseSocket statement. The following values are possible :

0 - The code will behave as if no parameter has been set.

1 - In normal cases, there is a test to see if all data written to the chip has been sent. When you set bit 0 (value of 1) , this test is not performed.

2 - In normal cases, there is a test to see if the socket is actually closed after the command has been given to the chip. When it is not closed, you can not re-use the socket. The statement will block program execution however and you could test at a later time if the connection has been closed.

You may combine the values. So 3 will combine parameter value 1 and 2. It is advised to use option value 1 with care.

You must close a socket when you receive the SOCK_CLOSE_WAIT status. You may also close a socket if that is needed by your protocol.

You will receive a SOCK_CLOSE_WAIT status when the server closes the connection.

When you use CloseSocket you actively close the connection.

Note that it is not needed to wait for a SOCK_CLOSE_WAIT message in order to close a socket connection.

After you have closed the connection, you need to use GetSocket in order to use the socket number again.

In normal conditions, without using the optional parameter, the statement can block your code for a short or longer time, depending on the connection speed.

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