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© MCS Electronics, 1995-2007

Offset

An optional numeric variable of constant that specifies gain or mode. This

option has effect on newer AVR micro’s only. The offset will be added by the

channel value and inserted into the ADMUX register.

The GETADC() function only will work on microprocessors that have an A/Dconverter. The pins of the A/D converter input can be used for digital I/O too.

But it is important that no I/O switching is done while using the A/D converter.

Make sure you turn on the AD converter with the START ADC statement or by setting the proper bit in the ADC configuration register.

Some micro’s have more then 7 channels. This is supported as well.

GetADC() returns a word variable since the A/D converter data registers consist of 2 registers. The resolution depends on the chip.

The variable ADCD can be used to access the data register directly. The compiler will handle access to the byte registers automatically.

See also

CONFIG ADC

Example

'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

---

: adc.bas

'name

'copyright

: (c) 1995-2005, MCS Electronics

'purpose

: demonstration of GETADC() function for 8535 or

M163 micro

: Mega163

'micro

'suited for demo

: yes

'commercial addon needed

: no

'use in simulator

: possible

' Getadc() will also work for other AVR chips that have an ADC converter

'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

---

' we use the M163

$regfile = "m163def.dat"

$crystal = 4000000

$hwstack = 32

' default use 32

for the hardware stack

'default use 10

$swstack = 10

for the SW stack

'default use 40

$framesize = 40

for the frame space

'configure single mode and auto prescaler setting

'The single mode must be used with the GETADC() function

'The prescaler divides the internal clock by 2,4,8,16,32,64 or 128 'Because the ADC needs a clock from 50-200 KHz

'The AUTO feature, will select the highest clockrate possible Config Adc = Single , Prescaler = Auto

'Now give power to the chip

Start Adc

'With STOP ADC, you can remove the power from the chip 'Stop Adc

Dim W As Word , Channel As Byte

Channel = 0

page -501-

© MCS Electronics, 1995-2007

'now read A/D value from channel 0

Do

W = Getadc(channel)

Print "Channel " ; Channel ; " value " ; W Incr Channel

If Channel > 7 Then Channel = 0

Loop

End

'The new M163 has options for the reference voltage 'For this chip you can use the additional param :

'Config Adc = Single , Prescaler = Auto, Reference = Internal 'The reference param may be :

'OFF

:

AREF,

internal reference turned off

'AVCC

:

AVCC,

with external capacitor at AREF pin

'INTERNAL : Internal 2.56 voltage reference with external capacitor ar AREF pin

'Using the additional param on chip that do not have the internal reference will have no effect.

GETATKBD

Action

Reads a key from a PC AT keyboard.

Syntax

var = GETATKBD()

Remarks

var

The variable that is assigned with the key read fromthe

keyboard.

It may be a byte or a string variable.

When no key is pressed a 0 will be returned.

The GETAKBD() function needs 2 input pins and a translation table for the keys. You can read more about this at the CONFIG KEYBOARD compiler directive.

The Getatkbd function will wait for a pressed key. When you want to escape fromthe waiting loop you can set the ERR bit from an interrupt routine for example.

Getatkbd is using 2 bits from register R6 : bit 4 and 5 are used to hold the shift and control key status.

AT KEYBOARD SCANCODES

Table reprinted with permission of Adam Chapweske

http://panda.cs.ndsu.nodak.edu/~achapwes

KEY

MAKE

BREAK

KEY

MAKE

BREAK

KEY

MAKE

BREAK

A

1C

F0,1C

9

46

F0,46

[

54

FO,54

page -502-

© MCS Electronics, 1995-2007

B

32

F0,32

C

21

F0,21

D

23

F0,23

E

24

F0,24

F

2B

F0,2B

G

34

F0,34

H

33

F0,33

I

43

F0,43

J

3B

F0,3B

K

42

F0,42

L

4B

F0,4B

M

3A

F0,3A

N

31

F0,31

O

44

F0,44

P

4D

F0,4D

Q

15

F0,15

R

2D

F0,2D

S

1B

F0,1B

T

2C

F0,2C

U

3C

F0,3C

V

2A

F0,2A

W

1D

F0,1D

X

22

F0,22

Y

35

F0,35

Z

1A

F0,1A

0

45

F0,45

1

16

F0,16

2

1E

F0,1E

3

26

F0,26

4

25

F0,25

5

2E

F0,2E

6

36

F0,36

7

3D

F0,3D

8

3E

F0,3E

`

0E

F0,0E

-

4E

F0,4E

=

55

FO,55

\

5D

F0,5D

BKSP

66

F0,66

SPACE

29

F0,29

TAB

0D

F0,0D

CAPS

58

F0,58

L SHFT

12

FO,12

L CTRL

14

FO,14

L GUI

E0,1F

E0,F0,1F

L ALT

11

F0,11

R SHFT

59

F0,59

R CTRL

E0,14

E0,F0,14

R GUI

E0,27

E0,F0,27

R ALT

E0,11

E0,F0,11

APPS

E0,2F

E0,F0,2F

ENTER

5A

F0,5A

ESC

76

F0,76

F1

05

F0,05

F2

06

F0,06

F3

04

F0,04

F4

0C

F0,0C

F5

03

F0,03

F6

0B

F0,0B

F7

83

F0,83

F8

0A

F0,0A

F9

01

F0,01

F10

09

F0,09

F11

78

F0,78

F12

07

F0,07

PRNT

E0,12,

E0,F0,

SCRN

E0,7C 7C,E0,

F0,12

SCROLL

7E

F0,7E

PAUSE

E1,14, -NONE-

77,

E1,F0,

INSERT

E0,70

E0,F0,7

0

HOME

E0,6C

E0,F0,6

C

PG UP

E0,7D

E0,F0,7

D

DELETE

E0,71

E0,F0,7

1

END

E0,69

E0,F0,6

9

PG DN

E0,7A

E0,F0,7

A

U ARROW

E0,75

E0,F0,7

5

L ARROW

E0,6B

E0,F0,6

B

D ARROW

E0,72

E0,F0,7

2

R ARROW

E0,74

E0,F0,7

4

NUM

77

F0,77

KP /

E0,4A

E0,F0,4

A

KP *

7C

F0,7C

KP -

7B

F0,7B

KP +

79

F0,79

KP EN

E0,5A

E0,F0,5

A

KP .

71

F0,71

KP 0

70

F0,70

KP 1

69

F0,69

KP 2

72

F0,72

KP 3

7A

F0,7A

KP 4

6B

F0,6B

KP 5

73

F0,73

KP 6

74

F0,74

KP 7

6C

F0,6C

KP 8

75

F0,75

KP 9

7D

F0,7D

]

5B

F0,5B

;

4C

F0,4C

'

52

F0,52

,

41

F0,41

.

49

F0,49

/

4A

F0,4A

page -503-

© MCS Electronics, 1995-2007

14,

F0,77

These are the usable scan codes from the keyboard. If you want to implement F1 , you look at the generated scan code : 05 hex. So in the table, at position 5+1=6, you write the value for F1.

In the sample program below, you can find the value 200. When you now press F1, the value form the table will be used so 200 will be returned.

See also

CONFIG KEYBOARD , GETATKBDRAW

Example

'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------

: getatkbd.bas

'name

'copyright

: (c) 1995-2005, MCS Electronics

'purpose

: PC AT-KEYBOARD Sample

'micro

: Mega48

'suited for demo

: yes

'commercial addon needed

: no

'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------

$regfile = "8535def.dat"

' specify the used

micro

' used crystal

$crystal = 4000000

frequency

' use baud rate

$baud = 19200

$hwstack = 32

' default use 32

for the hardware stack

' default use 10

$swstack = 10

for the SW stack

' default use 40

$framesize = 40

for the frame space

'For this example :

'connect PC AT keyboard clock to PIND.2 on the 8535 'connect PC AT keyboard data to PIND.4 on the 8535

'The GetATKBD() function does not use an interrupt. 'But it waits until a key was pressed!

'configure the pins to use for the clock and data 'can be any pin that can serve as an input 'Keydata is the label of the key translation table

Config Keyboard = Pind.2 , Data = Pind.4 , Keydata = Keydata

'Dim some used variables

Dim S As String * 12 Dim B As Byte

'In this example we use SERIAL(COM) INPUT redirection $serialinput = Kbdinput

'Show the program is running Print "hello"

page -504-

© MCS Electronics, 1995-2007

Do

'The following code is remarked but show how to use the GetATKBD() function ' B = Getatkbd() 'get a byte and store it into byte variable

'When no real key is pressed the result is 0 'So test if the result was > 0

'If B > 0 Then

'Print B ; Chr(b)

'End If

'The purpose of this sample was how to use a PC AT keyboard

'The input that normally comes from the serial port is redirected to the 'external keyboard so you use it to type

Input "Name " , S 'and show the result

Print S

'now wait for the F1 key , we defined the number 200 for F1 in the table

Do

B = Getatkbd() Loop Until B <> 0 Print B

Loop

End

'Since we do a redirection we call the routine from the redirection routine

'

Kbdinput:

'we come here when input is required from the COM port 'So we pass the key into R24 with the GetATkbd function

' We need some ASM code to save the registers used by the function $asm

push r16 ; save used register push r25

push r26 push r27

Kbdinput1:

; call the function

rCall _getatkbd

tst r24

; check for zero

breq Kbdinput1

; yes so try again

pop r27

; we got a valid key so restore registers

pop r26

pop r25

pop r16

$end Asm

'just return

Return

'The tricky part is that you MUST include a normal call to the routine 'otherwise you get an error

'This is no clean solution and will be changed B = Getatkbd()

'This is the key translation table

Keydata:

'normal keys lower case

Data 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 200 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , &H5E , 0

Data 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 113 , 49 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 122 , 115 , 97 , 119 , 50 , 0 Data 0 , 99 , 120 , 100 , 101 , 52 , 51 , 0 , 0 , 32 , 118 , 102 , 116 , 114 , 53 , 0

Data 0 , 110 , 98 , 104 , 103 , 121 , 54 , 7 , 8 , 44 , 109 , 106 , 117 , 55 , 56 , 0

Data 0 , 44 , 107 , 105 , 111 , 48 , 57 , 0 , 0 , 46 , 45 , 108 , 48 , 112 , 43 , 0

Data 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 92 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 13 , 0 , 0 , 92 , 0 , 0

page -505-

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