Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary in contrast. Choose the correct answer.

Modern science

It seems entirely 1) _______ to us that there are teams of scientists in universities and other institutions around the world attempting to 2) _______ the way the world works. However, it hasn't been that 3) _______. Although the scientific method is now four or five hundred years old, the ancient Greeks, for example, believed that they could work out the 4) _______ of natural events just by the power of thought.

During the 17^th century, more and more people began to realise that they could 5) _______ their ideas by designing a relevant 6) _______ and seeing what happened. A lot of 7) _______ was 'in this way by individual scientists. These men and women often worked alone, carrying out 8) _______ into many different areas of science, and they often received very little 9) _______ for their hard work. At the start of the 20th century, though, it became 10) _______ that science was becoming more complicated and more expensive. The individual scientist disappeared, to be replaced by highly qualified teams of experts. Modern science was born.

1. 
   A physical B natural С typical D real
   
2. 
   A create В invent С construct D discover
   
3. 
   A route В method C way D technique
   
4. 
   A aims В reasons C causes D impulses
   
5. 
   A calculate В estimate С measure D test
   
6. 
   A experiment В research С attempt D analysis
   
7. 
   A development В movement C progress D evolution
   
8. 
   A research В experiment С discovery D education
   
9. 
   A award В prize С gift D reward
   
10. 
    A dear В true С accurate D actual
    

Exercise 2. Topic vocabulary in contrast. Choose the correct word.

1. 
   Many materials have been used for artificial / false teeth, including wood.
   
2. 
   Be careful! You might give yourself an electric / electronic shock!
   
3. 
   I’m afraid the problem with your washing machine is the engine / motor.
   
4. 
   Many employers in the chemicals industry / factory object to the new law.
   
5. 
   My computing exam is taking place / occurring next week.
   
6. 
   Technology is a fundamental part of new / modern life.
   
7. 
   We had our car serviced and it seems there's a problem with the engine / machine.
   

Exercise 3. Phrasal verbs. Complete using the correct form of the words in italics.

plug turn carry narrow put work come break

1. 
   A lorry had turned down on the motorway and we had to wait for over an hour.
   
2. 
   I have worked it down to two computer games, but I still can't make up my mind.
   
3. 
   I wish you would plug the TV off and go outside and get some exercise.
   
4. 
   Scientists are trying to come out ways to reduce pollution from aircraft.
   
5. 
   Tomorrow, we will be break out an experiment to test this theory.
   
6. 
   Who put up with the idea of the ball-point pen?
   
7. 
   I’ll just carry you through to our research department. Please hold on.
   
8. 
   No wonder the vacuum cleaner isn't working. You haven't narrowed it in!
   

Exercise 4. Phrasal verbs. Match to make sentences.

1. 
   Alex's electricity A off because she forgot to pay the bill
   

was cut…

2. 
   Wear a mask because В metals such as lead into gold.
   

these chemicals give…

3. 
   I'm writing an essay С out who discovered penicillin.
   

and I need to find…

4. 
   I was pleased that D on in physics over the last year.
   

our gamble came…

5. 
   Alchemists spent E off fumes that can be harmful.
   

years trying to turn…

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6. 
   Your teacher says F off and the experiment was a success.
   

you've really come…

1 - A, 2 - E, 3 - C, 4 - F, 5 - B, 6 – D

Exercise 5. Phrases and collocations. Choose the correct answer.

1. 
   I don't think people should be allowed to perform experiments _______ animals.
   

A for В over С on D to

2. 
   There was an explosion in technology _______ the beginning of the 20th century.
   

A in В at С through D on

3. 
   Let's face _______ – we are destroying the environment and we need to do something now.
   

A truth В facts С things D information

4. 
   The distance from the Earth to the Sun is, _______ average, about 149 million kilometres.
   

A by В on С from D in

5. 
   It's amazing that creatures survive _______ the bottom of the ocean.
   

A in В by С at D to

6. 
   Fox Talbot _______ the first photograph in 1835.
   

A gave В did С drew D took

7. 
   Researchers have _______ to the conclusion that your personality is affected by your genes.
   

A come В got С reached D arrived

8. 
   Do you mind if I just _______ a quick phone call from here?
   

A do В take С have D make

9. 
   Many lives were saved _______ the introduction of antibiotics.
   

A into В at С with D in

10. 
    The _______ of the nuclear accident is still unknown.
    

A reason В cause С base D motive

11. 
    My father works at the university, doing research _______ weather control.
    

A on В to С of D from

12. 
    The telescope will photograph distant galaxies, _______ an attempt to understand their past.
    

A on В for С with D in

Exercise 6. Word patterns. Find the extra word in each line.

The future

1. 
   ___We were discussing about the future in class today. Some people were
   
2. 
   ___wondering it whether we would have to live in space when we destroy
   
3. 
   ___our own planet. I explained them that the answer lies in technology because
   
4. 
   ___scientists are intend to develop forms of energy that will not damage the
   
5. 
   ___environment. The problems caused as being a result of technology will be
   
6. 
   ___solved by technology. I am look forward to our next discussion.
   

Exercise 7. Word patterns. Complete each second sentence using the word given so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Take the similar meaning in the Word patterns section.

1. 
   The mistake by scientists caused a massive explosion.
   

in The mistake by scientists in the cause a massive explosion.

2. 
   Dr Atherton finally succeeded in discovering the secret formula.
   

managed Dr Atherton finally managed to the secret formula.

3. 
   Another name for iron oxide is "fool's gold".
   

as Iron oxide is known as 'fool's gold'.

4. 
   Many local residents intend to protest about the nuclear power plant.
   

plan Many local residents plan to protest about the nuclear power plant.

5. 
   We are thinking of appointing Dr Knight to the position of Professor.
   

considering We are considering for Dr. Knight to the position of Professor.

6. 
   We cannot live in outer space without special equipment.
   

us It is impossible for us to live in outer space without special equipment.

Exercise 8. Word formation. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

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Qualcomp Powertop

Qualcomp have just brought out their 1) revolutionary new REVOLUTION

Handheld computer, the Powertop. It's 2) possibly not POSSIBLE

to love it, with its smooth, shiny 3) appearance and its bright APPEAR

screen. It might not be the best 4) introduction to handheld INTRODUCE

computing because it is quite advanced, but you'll find

an 5) explanationof all the features in the detailed manual. EXPLAIN

The Powertop has been 6) scientifically designed to fit a lot of SCIENCE

Computing power in your palm.The 7) invention of a unique INVENT

wireless Internet connection means there's a world of

8) discovery just waiting for you. We give the Powertop DISCOVER

nine out of ten.

Exercise 9. Word formation. Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals when this is necessary.

1. 
   Did you know that George Washington had wooden (WOOD) teeth?
   
2. 
   The old astronomer patiently made his observation (OBSERVE) and wrote down what he saw.
   
3. 
   Researcher (RESEARCH) have announced that a major breakthrough has been made.
   
4. 
   I'm planning to train as a psychologist (PSYCHOLOGY) when I grow up.
   
5. 
   That red building (BUILD) over there is the Science Department.
   
6. 
   The scientist said she had an announcement of international importance (IMPORTANT).
   
7. 
   Science Weekly has a special introduction (INTRODUCE) offer – the first issue is free!
   
8. 
   If there are aliens out there, do you think they are much more technologically (TECHNOLOGY) advanced than we are?
   

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