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System Description
Wireless Power Transfer
Volume I: Low Power
Part 1: Interface Definition
Version 1.1.1
July 2012
System Description
Wireless Power Transfer
Version 1.1.1
System Description
Wireless Power Transfer
Volume I: Low Power
Part 1: Interface Definition
Version 1.1.1
July 2012
© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012
System Description
Wireless Power Transfer
Version 1.1.1
COPYRIGHT
This System Description Wireless Power Transfer is published by the Wireless Power Consortium, and has been prepared by the members of the Wireless Power Consortium. All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without express and prior written permission of the Wireless Power Consortium.
DISCLAIMER
The information contained herein is believed to be accurate as of the date of publication. However, the Wireless Power Consortium will not be liable for any damages, including indirect or consequential, from use of this System Description Wireless Power Transfer or reliance on the accuracy of this document.
NOTICE
For any further explanation of the contents of this document, or in case of any perceived inconsistency or ambiguity of interpretation, or for any information regarding the associated patent license program, please contact: info@wirelesspowerconsortium.com.
© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012
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System Description |
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Wireless Power Transfer |
Version 1.1.1 |
Table of Contents |
Table of Contents
1 |
General................................................................................................................... |
1 |
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1.1 |
Scope............................................................................................................................................................................................. |
1 |
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1.2 |
Main features............................................................................................................................................................................. |
1 |
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1.3 |
Conformance and references ............................................................................................................................................. |
1 |
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1.4 |
Definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
2 |
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1.5 |
Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3 |
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1.6 |
Symbols........................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3 |
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1.7 |
Conventions ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4 |
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1.7.1 |
Cross references ............................................................................................................................................................ |
4 |
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1.7.2 |
Informative text............................................................................................................................................................. |
4 |
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1.7.3 |
Terms in capitals........................................................................................................................................................... |
4 |
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1.7.4 |
Notation of numbers.................................................................................................................................................... |
4 |
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1.7.5 Units of physical quantities ...................................................................................................................................... |
5 |
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1.7.6 Bit ordering in a byte................................................................................................................................................... |
5 |
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1.7.7 |
Byte numbering ............................................................................................................................................................. |
5 |
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1.7.8 |
Multiple-bit Fields......................................................................................................................................................... |
5 |
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1.8 |
Operators .................................................................................................................................................................................... |
5 |
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1.8.1 |
Exclusive-OR ................................................................................................................................................................... |
5 |
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1.8.2 |
Concatenation................................................................................................................................................................. |
5 |
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2 |
System Overview (Informative) .................................................................... |
7 |
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3 Basic Power Transmitter Designs ............................................................. |
11 |
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3.1 |
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................ |
11 |
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3.2 |
Power Transmitter designs that activate a single Primary Coil at a time................................................... |
11 |
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3.2.1 Power Transmitter design A1 .............................................................................................................................. |
11 |
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3.2.2 Power Transmitter design A2 .............................................................................................................................. |
16 |
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3.2.3 Power Transmitter design A3 .............................................................................................................................. |
20 |
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3.2.4 Power Transmitter design A4 .............................................................................................................................. |
23 |
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3.2.5 Power Transmitter design A5 .............................................................................................................................. |
28 |
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3.2.6 Power Transmitter design A6 .............................................................................................................................. |
32 |
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3.2.7 Power Transmitter design A7 .............................................................................................................................. |
37 |
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3.2.8 Power Transmitter design A8 .............................................................................................................................. |
40 |
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3.2.9 Power Transmitter design A9 .............................................................................................................................. |
45 |
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3.3 |
Power Transmitter designs that activate multiple Primary Coils simultaneously ................................. |
49 |
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3.3.1 Power Transmitter design B1 .............................................................................................................................. |
49 |
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3.3.2 Power Transmitter design B2 .............................................................................................................................. |
55 |
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3.3.3 Power Transmitter design B3 .............................................................................................................................. |
58 |
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4 Power Receiver Design Requirements..................................................... |
63 |
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4.1 |
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................ |
63 |
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4.2 |
Power Receiver design requirements......................................................................................................................... |
64 |
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4.2.1 |
Mechanical requirements....................................................................................................................................... |
64 |
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4.2.2 |
Electrical requirements........................................................................................................................................... |
65 |
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4.3 |
Power Receiver design guidelines (informative)................................................................................................... |
67 |
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4.3.1 |
Large-signal resonance check .............................................................................................................................. |
67 |
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© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012
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System Description |
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Wireless Power Transfer |
Table of Contents |
Version 1.1.1 |
5 |
System Control ................................................................................................. |
69 |
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5.1 |
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................ |
69 |
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5.2 |
Power Transmitter perspective..................................................................................................................................... |
72 |
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5.2.1 |
Ping phase ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
72 |
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5.2.2 |
Identification & configuration phase................................................................................................................. |
74 |
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5.2.3 |
Power transfer phase............................................................................................................................................... |
76 |
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5.3 |
Power Receiver perspective............................................................................................................................................ |
81 |
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5.3.1 |
Selection phase............................................................................................................................................................ |
81 |
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5.3.2 |
Ping phase ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
82 |
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5.3.3 |
Identification & configuration phase................................................................................................................. |
82 |
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5.3.4 |
Power transfer phase............................................................................................................................................... |
83 |
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6 |
Communications Interface........................................................................... |
85 |
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6.1 |
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................ |
85 |
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6.2 Physical and data link layers ........................................................................................................................................... |
85 |
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6.2.1 |
Modulation scheme................................................................................................................................................... |
85 |
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6.2.2 |
Bit encoding scheme................................................................................................................................................. |
86 |
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6.2.3 |
Byte encoding scheme ............................................................................................................................................. |
86 |
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6.2.4 |
Packet structure.......................................................................................................................................................... |
86 |
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6.3 |
Logical layer............................................................................................................................................................................ |
89 |
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6.3.1 |
Signal Strength Packet (0x01).............................................................................................................................. |
89 |
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6.3.2 |
End Power Transfer Packet (0x02) ................................................................................................................... |
90 |
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6.3.3 |
Control Error Packet (0x03) ................................................................................................................................. |
91 |
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6.3.4 |
Received Power Packet (0x04)............................................................................................................................ |
91 |
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6.3.5 |
Charge Status Packet (0x05)................................................................................................................................. |
91 |
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6.3.6 |
Power Control Hold-off Packet (0x06)............................................................................................................. |
92 |
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6.3.7 |
Configuration Packet (0x51)................................................................................................................................. |
92 |
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6.3.8 |
Identification Packet (0x71) ................................................................................................................................. |
93 |
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6.3.9 |
Extended Identification Packet (0x81) ............................................................................................................ |
94 |
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Annex A Example Power Receiver Designs (Informative).................... |
95 |
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A.1 Power Receiver example 1............................................................................................................................................... |
95 |
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A.1.1 |
Mechanical details ..................................................................................................................................................... |
95 |
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A.1.2 |
Electrical details ......................................................................................................................................................... |
96 |
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A.2 Power Receiver example 2............................................................................................................................................... |
98 |
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A.2.1 |
Mechanical details ..................................................................................................................................................... |
98 |
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A.2.2 |
Electrical details ......................................................................................................................................................... |
99 |
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Annex B Object Detection (Informative)................................................... |
101 |
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B.1 |
Resonance shift ................................................................................................................................................................... |
101 |
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B.2 |
Capacitance change ........................................................................................................................................................... |
102 |
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Annex C Power Receiver Localization (Informative) ........................... |
103 |
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C.1 |
Guided Positioning............................................................................................................................................................. |
103 |
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C.2 Primary Coil array based Free Positioning ............................................................................................................. |
103 |
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C.2.1 A single Power Receiver covering multiple Primary Cells .................................................................... |
103 |
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C.2.2 Two Power Receivers covering two adjacent Primary Cells ................................................................ |
104 |
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C.2.3 Two Power Receivers covering a single Primary Cell ............................................................................. |
104 |
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C.3 Moving Primary Coil based Free Positioning......................................................................................................... |
105 |
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2 |
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© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012 |
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System Description |
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Wireless Power Transfer |
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Version 1.1.1 |
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Table of Contents |
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Annex D |
Foreign Object Detection (Normative) ..................................... |
107 |
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Annex E |
Mechanical Design Guidelines (Informative)......................... |
109 |
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E.1 |
Base Station........................................................................................................................................................................... |
109 |
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E.2 |
Mobile Device....................................................................................................................................................................... |
109 |
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Annex F |
History of Changes........................................................................... |
111 |
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© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012
System Description |
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Wireless Power Transfer |
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Table of Contents |
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Version 1.1.1 |
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List of Figures |
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Figure 1-1: Bit positions in a byte ..................................................................................................................................................... |
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5 |
Figure 1-2: Example of multiple-bit field....................................................................................................................................... |
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5 |
Figure 2-1: Basic system overview ................................................................................................................................................... |
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8 |
Figure 3-1: Functional block diagram of Power Transmitter design A1....................................................................... |
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11 |
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Figure 3-2: Primary Coil of Power Transmitter design A1.................................................................................................. |
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12 |
Figure 3-3: Primary Coil assembly of Power Transmitter design A1............................................................................. |
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13 |
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Figure 3-4: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design A1 .................................................................. |
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14 |
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Figure 3-5: Functional block diagram of Power Transmitter design A2....................................................................... |
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16 |
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Figure 3-6: Primary Coil of Power Transmitter design A2.................................................................................................. |
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17 |
Figure 3-7: Primary Coil assembly of Power Transmitter design A2............................................................................. |
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18 |
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Figure 3-8: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design A2 .................................................................. |
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19 |
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Figure 3-9: Primary Coil of Power Transmitter design A3.................................................................................................. |
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20 |
Figure 3-10: Primary Coil assembly of Power Transmitter design A3 .......................................................................... |
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21 |
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Figure 3-11: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design A3 ............................................................... |
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22 |
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Figure 3-12: Functional block diagram of Power Transmitter design A4.................................................................... |
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23 |
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Figure 3-13: Primary Coil of Power Transmitter design A4............................................................................................... |
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24 |
Figure 3-14: Dual Primary Coils (top view)............................................................................................................................... |
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24 |
Figure 3-15: Primary Coil assembly of Power Transmitter design A4 .......................................................................... |
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25 |
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Figure 3-16: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design A4 ............................................................... |
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26 |
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Figure 3-17: Primary Coil of Power Transmitter design A5............................................................................................... |
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28 |
Figure 3-18: Primary Coil assembly of Power Transmitter design A5 .......................................................................... |
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29 |
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Figure 3-19: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design A5 ............................................................... |
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30 |
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Figure 3-20: Functional block diagram of Power Transmitter design A6.................................................................... |
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32 |
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Figure 3-21: Primary Coil of Power Transmitter design A6............................................................................................... |
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33 |
Figure 3-22: Primary Coils of Power Transmitter design A6............................................................................................. |
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33 |
Figure 3-23: Primary Coil assembly of Power Transmitter design A6 .......................................................................... |
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34 |
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Figure 3-24: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design A6 ............................................................... |
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35 |
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Figure 3-25: Primary Coil of Power Transmitter design A7............................................................................................... |
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37 |
Figure 3-26: Primary Coil assembly of Power Transmitter design A7.......................................................................... |
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38 |
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Figure 3-27: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design A7 ............................................................... |
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39 |
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Figure 3-28: Functional block diagram of Power Transmitter design A8.................................................................... |
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40 |
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Figure 3-29: Primary Coil of Power Transmitter design A8............................................................................................... |
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41 |
Figure 3-30: Primary Coil assembly of Power Transmitter design A8 .......................................................................... |
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42 |
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Figure 3-31: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design A8 ............................................................... |
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43 |
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Figure 3-32: Primary Coil of Power Transmitter design A9............................................................................................... |
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45 |
Figure 3-33: Primary Coil assembly of Power Transmitter design A9 .......................................................................... |
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46 |
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Figure 3-34: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design A9 ............................................................... |
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47 |
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Figure 3-35: Functional block diagram of Power Transmitter design B1.................................................................... |
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49 |
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Figure 3-36: Primary Coil array of Power Transmitter design B1 .................................................................................. |
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50 |
Figure 3-37: Primary Coil array assembly of Power Transmitter design B1.............................................................. |
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51 |
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Figure 3-38: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design B1 ............................................................... |
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52 |
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Figure 3-39: Multiple type B1 Power Transmitters sharing a multiplexer and Primary Coil array................. |
54 |
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Figure 3-40: Primary Coil array of Power Transmitter design B2 .................................................................................. |
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56 |
Figure 3-41: Primary Coil array of Power Transmitter design B3 .................................................................................. |
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59 |
Figure 3-42: Primary Coil array assembly of Power Transmitter design B3.............................................................. |
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61 |
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Figure 3-43: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design B3 ............................................................... |
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61 |
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Figure 3-44: Control signals to the inverter .............................................................................................................................. |
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62 |
Figure 4-1: Example functional block diagram of a Power Receiver.............................................................................. |
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63 |
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Figure 4-2: Secondary Coil assembly............................................................................................................................................ |
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64 |
Figure 4-3: Dual resonant circuit of a Power Receiver ......................................................................................................... |
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65 |
Figure 4-4: Characterization of resonant frequencies .......................................................................................................... |
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66 |
Figure 4-5: Large signal secondary resonance test ................................................................................................................ |
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67 |
Figure 5-1: Power transfer phases................................................................................................................................................. |
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69 |
Figure 5-2: Power transfer control loop...................................................................................................................................... |
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71 |
4 |
© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012 |
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System Description |
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Wireless Power Transfer |
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Version 1.1.1 |
Table of Contents |
Figure 5-3: Power Transmitter timing in the ping phase .................................................................................................... |
73 |
Figure 5-4: Power Transmitter timing in the identification & configuration phase................................................. |
75 |
Figure 5-5: Power Transmitter timing in the power transfer phase............................................................................... |
77 |
Figure 5-6: PID control algorithm .................................................................................................................................................. |
78 |
Figure 5-7: Power Receiver timing in the selection phase................................................................................................... |
82 |
Figure 5-8: Power Receiver timing in the ping phase............................................................................................................ |
82 |
Figure 5-9: Power Receiver timing in the identification & configuration phase........................................................ |
83 |
Figure 5-10: Power Receiver timing in the power transfer phase ................................................................................... |
84 |
Figure 6-1: Amplitude modulation of the Power Signal....................................................................................................... |
85 |
Figure 6-2: Example of the differential bi-phase encoding................................................................................................. |
86 |
Figure 6-3: Example of the asynchronous serial format ...................................................................................................... |
86 |
Figure 6-4: Packet format .................................................................................................................................................................. |
87 |
Figure A-1: Secondary Coil of Power Receiver example 1................................................................................................... |
95 |
Figure A-2: Secondary Coil and Shielding assembly of Power Receiver example 1 ................................................ |
96 |
Figure A-3: Electrical details of Power Receiver example 1............................................................................................... |
96 |
Figure A-4: Li-ion battery charging profile ................................................................................................................................ |
97 |
Figure A-5: Secondary Coil of Power Receiver example 2................................................................................................... |
98 |
Figure A-6: Secondary Coil and Shielding assembly of Power Receiver example 2 ................................................ |
99 |
Figure A-7: Electrical details of Power Receiver example 2............................................................................................ |
100 |
Figure B-1: Analog ping based on a resonance shift ........................................................................................................... |
101 |
Figure C-1: Single Power Receiver covering multiple Primary Cells........................................................................... |
104 |
Figure C-2: Two Power Receivers covering two adjacent Primary Cells................................................................... |
104 |
Figure C-3: Two Power Receivers covering a single Primary Cell................................................................................ |
105 |
Figure C-4: Detection Coil ............................................................................................................................................................... |
106 |
© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012
System Description |
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Wireless Power Transfer |
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Table of Contents |
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Version 1.1.1 |
List of Tables |
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Table 3-1: Primary Coil parameters of Power Transmitter design A1 .......................................................................... |
12 |
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Table 3-2: PID parameters for Operating Frequency control............................................................................................ |
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15 |
Table 3-3: Operating Frequency dependent scaling factor................................................................................................. |
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15 |
Table 3-4: PID parameters for duty cycle control ................................................................................................................... |
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15 |
Table 3-5: Primary Coil parameters of Power Transmitter design A2.......................................................................... |
17 |
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Table 3-6: PID parameters for voltage control......................................................................................................................... |
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19 |
Table 3-7: Primary Coil parameters of Power Transmitter design A3 .......................................................................... |
20 |
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Table 3-8: PID parameters for voltage control......................................................................................................................... |
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22 |
Table 3-9: Primary Coil parameters of Power Transmitter design A4 .......................................................................... |
24 |
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Table 3-10: PID parameters for Operating Frequency control ......................................................................................... |
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27 |
Table 3-11: PID parameters for voltage control ...................................................................................................................... |
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27 |
Table 3-12: Primary Coil parameters of Power Transmitter design A5 ....................................................................... |
28 |
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Table 3-13: PID parameters for Operating Frequency control ......................................................................................... |
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31 |
Table 3-14: Operating Frequency dependent scaling factor .............................................................................................. |
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31 |
Table 3-15: PID parameters for duty cycle control ................................................................................................................ |
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31 |
Table 3-16: Primary Coil parameters of Power Transmitter design A6 ....................................................................... |
33 |
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Table 3-17: PID parameters for Operating Frequency control ......................................................................................... |
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36 |
Table 3-18: Operating Frequency dependent scaling factor .............................................................................................. |
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36 |
Table 3-19: PID parameters for duty cycle control ................................................................................................................ |
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36 |
Table 3-20: Primary Coil parameters of Power Transmitter design A7 ....................................................................... |
37 |
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Table 3-21: PID parameters for voltage control ...................................................................................................................... |
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39 |
Table 3-22: Primary Coil parameters of Power Transmitter design A8 ....................................................................... |
41 |
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Table 3-23: PID parameters for Operating Frequency control ......................................................................................... |
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44 |
Table 3-24: PID parameters for voltage control ...................................................................................................................... |
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44 |
Table 3-25: Primary Coil parameters of Power Transmitter design A9 ....................................................................... |
45 |
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Table 3-26: PID parameters for voltage control ...................................................................................................................... |
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48 |
Table 3-27: Primary Coil array parameters of Power Transmitter design B1 ........................................................... |
51 |
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Table 3-28: PID parameters for voltage control ...................................................................................................................... |
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53 |
Table 3-29: Primary Coil array parameters of Power Transmitter design B2 ........................................................... |
55 |
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Table 3-30: Primary Coil array parameters of Power Transmitter design B3 ........................................................... |
60 |
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Table 3-31: PID parameters for voltage control ...................................................................................................................... |
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62 |
Table 5-1: Power Transmitter timing in the ping phase ...................................................................................................... |
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73 |
Table 5-2: Power Transmitter timing in the identification & configuration phase................................................... |
76 |
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Table 5-3: Power control hold-off time........................................................................................................................................ |
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76 |
Table 5-4: Power Transmitter timing in the power transfer phase................................................................................. |
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77 |
Table 5-5: Power Receiver reset timing ...................................................................................................................................... |
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81 |
Table 5-6: Power Receiver timing in the selection phase..................................................................................................... |
|
82 |
Table 5-7: Power Receiver timing in the identification & configuration phase.......................................................... |
83 |
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Table 5-8: Power Receiver timing in the power transfer phase........................................................................................ |
|
84 |
Table 6-1: Amplitude modulation of the Power Signal......................................................................................................... |
|
86 |
Table 6-2: Message size....................................................................................................................................................................... |
|
87 |
Table 6-3: Packet types ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
|
88 |
Table 6-4: Signal Strength.................................................................................................................................................................. |
|
89 |
Table 6-5: End Power Transfer ....................................................................................................................................................... |
|
90 |
Table 6-6: End Power Transfer values......................................................................................................................................... |
|
90 |
Table 6-7: Control Error ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
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91 |
Table 6-8: Received Power................................................................................................................................................................ |
|
91 |
Table 6-9: Charge Status..................................................................................................................................................................... |
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91 |
Table 6-10: Power control hold-off ............................................................................................................................................... |
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92 |
Table 6-11: Configuration.................................................................................................................................................................. |
|
92 |
Table 6-12: Identification................................................................................................................................................................... |
|
93 |
Table 6-13: Extended Identification.............................................................................................................................................. |
|
94 |
Table A-1: Secondary Coil parameters of Power Receiver example 1 ........................................................................... |
95 |
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Table A-2: Parameters of the Secondary Coil of Power Receiver example 2 .............................................................. |
98 |
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6 |
© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012 |
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