Контрольная работа № 2
Вариант 3

1. 
   Прочтите и переведите текст.
   

The USA

1. 
   The United States of America (USA) is one of the largest countries in the world. The population of the USA is about 250 million people. The USA has fifty states. Its capital is Washington, D.C.
   
2. 
   In the north the USA borders on Canada and in the South it borders on Mexico. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and by the Pacific Ocean in the west. Hawaii, which became the 50^,h state in 1959, is situated in the Pacific Ocean. Alaska is separated from Russia by the Bering Strait. It is the biggest state of the country.
   
3. 
   As the USA is a large country, the climate is different in different regions. For example, the Pacific coast is a region of mild winters and warm, dry summers, but the eastern continental region is watered with rainfall. The region around the Great Lakes has changeable weather. There are many mountains in the USA. The main river in the country is the Mississippi. There are five Great Lakes between the USA and Canada.
   
4. 
   There are many big cities in the country. New York is the city of social contrasts, financial and business center of the USA. Boston has three universities in it. Chicago is one of the biggest industrial cities in the USA. Detroit is one of the biggest centers of the automobile industry. Hollywood is the center of the US film business. The USA has an Academy of Science. There are many scientific institutions, museums, libraries, theatres and other interesting places in the country.
   
5. 
   The USA is a highly developed industrial country. It is rich in mineral resources, such as salt, aluminium, copper and others. It produces coal, iron ore, natural gas and oil. Such industries as machine-building, shipbuilding are highly developed in the country. American agriculture produces a lot of food products: grain, fruit and vegetables.
   
6. 
   District of Columbia as the seat of the national government. The President is the head of the state, of the federal government and he chooses its ministers, called 'cabinet leaders'. Congress consists of two houses, The House of Representatives and the Senate. In the USA there are two main political parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.
   
7. 
   Washington, the capital of the USA was named in honour of the first president, George Washington. It is located on the north bank of the Potomac River. Washington is one of the most beautiful and unusual cities in the USA. It has little industry. Washington looks different from other cities. No building in the city may be more than 40 meters tall. The Capitol is the tallest building in Washington. This is where laws are made. The White House is home of every president of the United States.
   

2. 
   Письменно переведите 5 и 6 абзацы.
   

5. США-высокоразвитая индустриальная страна. Она богата минеральными ресурсами, такими как соль, алюминий, медь и другие. Здесь добывают уголь, железную руду, природный газ и нефть. Такие отрасли, как машиностроение, судостроение в стране высоко развиты. Американское сельское хозяйство производит много продуктов питания: зерно, фрукты и овощи.

6. Округ Колумбия как резиденция национального правительства. Президент является главой государства, федерального правительства

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, и он выбирает министров, которых называют "лидерами кабинета министров". Конгресс состоит из двух палат- Палаты представителей и Сената. В США существуют две основные политические партии -Демократическая партия и Республиканская партия.

2. 
   Перепишите следующие предложения в Passive Voice, определите время и вид сказуемого, переведите предложения.
   

1. 
   Washington, the capital of the USA was named in honour of the first president, George Washington. Вашингтон, столица США, была названа в честь первого президента Джорджа Вашингтона.
   

Was named – Passive voice, Past Simple от формы инфинитива to be named, образованный при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и глагола to name c окончанием ed (так как глагол name – правильный глагол).

2. 
   Such industries as machine-building, shipbuilding are highly developed in the country. В стране высоко развиты такие отрасли промышленности, как машиностроение, судостроение.
   

Are developed - Passive voice, Present Simple от формы инфинитива to be developed, образованный при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и глагола to develop c окончанием ed (так как глагол develope– правильный глагол).

3. 
   The Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia, and the Liberty Bell told the people in streets that a new country had been born. В Филадельфии была подписана Декларация независимости, и Колокол Свободы сообщил людям на улицах, что родилась новая страна.
   

Was signed - Passive voice, Past Simple от формы инфинитива to be signed, образованный при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и глагола to sign c окончанием ed (так как глагол sign – правильный глагол).

Had been born - Passive voice, Past Perfect от формы инфинитива to be born, образованный при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и глагола to bear в III форме (так как глагол bear– неправильный глагол).

4. 
   New York is being visited by tourists from all the countries all the year. Нью-Йорк круглый год посещают туристы из всех стран.
   

Is being visited- Passive voice, Present Continuous от формы инфинитива to be visited, образованный при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и глагола to visit c окончанием ed (так как глагол visit – правильный глагол).

2. 
   Перепишите предложения. Замените модальные глаголы их эквивалентами и поставьте их в прошедшую и будущую форму времени Simple, активного залога; определите функцию модального глагола и переведите предложения.
   

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1. 
   No building in the city may be more than 40 meters tall. Ни одно здание в городе не может быть выше 40 метров в высоту. Функция разрешения.
   

No building in the city might be more than 40 meters tall. To be allowed – эквивалент модального глагола may

No building in the city may be more than 40 meters tall.

No building in the city will be allowed to be more than 40 meters tall.

2. 
   Chicago can be considered the biggest industrial city of the USA. Чикаго можно считать крупнейшим промышленным городом США. Функция разрешения.
   

Chicago may be considered the biggest industrial city of the USA. May – эквивалент модального глагола can

Chicago was allowed to consider the biggest industrial city of the USA.

Chicago will allowed to consider the biggest industrial city of the USA.

3. 
   There must be many tourists in the USA. В США должно быть много туристов. Функция обязанности
   

Many tourists have to be in the USA. Have to эквивалент модального глагола must

Many tourists had to be in the USA.

Many tourists will have to be in the USA

2. 
   Письменно ответьте на вопросы:
   

1. 
   What is the geographical position of the USA?
   

In the north the USA borders on Canada and in the South it borders on Mexico. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and by the Pacific Ocean in the west.

2. 
   What mineral resources does the USA have?
   

It is rich in mineral resources, such as salt, aluminium, copper and others. It produces coal, iron ore, natural gas and oil. Such industries as machine-building, shipbuilding are highly developed in the country. American agriculture produces a lot of food products: grain, fruit and vegetables.

3. 
   What leading towns of the USA do you know?
   

The most leading cities of the USA are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago and Houston.

4. 
   What is the structure of the government of the USA?
   

The President is the head of the state, of the federal government and he chooses its ministers, called 'cabinet leaders'. Congress consists of two houses, The House of Representatives and the Senate. In the USA there are two main political parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.

2. 
   Найдите в тексте и объясните формы образования множественного числа существительных, подчеркните их.
   

Существительное +s

states

regions

mountains

centers

institutions

museums

theatres

places

ministers

laws

Существительные на согласную + y

Country - countries

City- cities

Library- libraries

University - universities

Industry - industries

Party - parties

Исключение:

Person-people

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