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BC430
Lesson: Overview of the Functions of the ABAP Dictionary
The ABAP Dictionary permits central management of all the type definitions
used in the R/3 System.
In the ABAP Dictionary, you can create user-defined types (data elements,
structures, and table types) for use in ABAP programs or in interfaces of function
modules, object methods, etc. Database objects such as tables, indexes and views
can also be defined in the ABAP Dictionary and created with this definition in
the database.
The ABAP Dictionary also provides a number of services that support program
development. For example, setting and releasing locks, defining an input help (F4
help), and attaching a field help (F1 help) to a screen field are supported.
Figure 2: Database objects in the ABAP Dictionary
Tables and database views can be defined in the ABAP Dictionary.
These objects are created in the underlying database with this definition. Changes
in the definition of a table or database view are also automatically made in the
database.
Indexes can be defined in the ABAP Dictionary to speed up access to data in a
table. These indexes are also created in the database.
2006/Q2
© 2007 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
3
Unit 1: Introduction to the Dictionary
BC430
Figure 3: Type Definitions in the ABAP Dictionary
Three different type categories exist in the ABAP Dictionary:
•
Data elements:
Describe an elementary type by defining the data type,
length, and possibly decimal places.
•
Structures:
Consist of components that can have any type.
•
Table types:
Describe the structure of an internal table.
Any complex user-defined type can be built from these basic types.
Example:
The data of an employee is stored in a structure EMPLOYEE with
the component’s NAME, ADDRESS and TELEPHONE. Component NAME
is also a structure with component’s FIRST NAME and LAST NAME. Both
of these components are elementary, for example, their type is defined by a
data element. The type of component ADDRESS is also defined by a structure
whose components are also structures. A table type is used to define component
TELEPHONE (because an employee can have more than one telephone number).
Types are used for example in ABAP programs or to define the types of interface
parameters of function modules.
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© 2007 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
2006/Q2
BC430
Lesson: Overview of the Functions of the ABAP Dictionary
Figure 4: Services of the ABAP Dictionary
The ABAP Dictionary supports program development with a number of services:
•
Input helps (F4 helps) for screen fields can be defined with search helps.
•
Screen fields can easily be assigned a field help (F1 help) by creating
documentation for the data element.
•
An input check that ensures that the values entered are consistent can easily
be defined for screen fields using foreign keys.
•
The ABAP Dictionary provides support when you set and release locks.
To do so, you must create lock objects in the ABAP Dictionary. Function
modules for setting and releaing locks are automatically generated from
these lock objects; these can then be linked into the application program.
•
The performance when accessing this data can be improved for database
objects (tables, views) with buffering settings.
•
By logging, you can switch on the automatic recording of changes to the
table entries.
2006/Q2
© 2007 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
5
Unit 1: Introduction to the Dictionary
BC430
Figure 5: Linking to the development and runtime environment
The ABAP Dictionary is actively integrated in the development and runtime
environments. Each change takes immediate effect in the relevant ABAP
programs and screens.
Examples:
•
When a program or screen is generated, the ABAP interpreter and the screen
interpreter access the type definitions stored in the ABAP Dictionary.
•
The ABAP tools and the Screen Painter use the information stored in the
ABAP Dictionary to support you during program development. An example
of this is the
Get from Dictionary
function in the Screen Painter, with which
you can place fields of a table or structure defined in the ABAP Dictionary
in a screen.
•
The database interface uses the information about tables or database views
stored in the ABAP Dictionary to access the data of these objects.
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© 2007 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
2006/Q2
BC430
Lesson: Overview of the Functions of the ABAP Dictionary
Lesson Summary
You should now be able to:
•
Name the function of the ABAP Dictionary in the R/3 system
•
Describe the possible ways of defining data objects and data types
•
Describe the services provided by the ABAP Dictionary
•
Explain how the ABAP Dictionary is linked to the development and runtime
environments
2006/Q2
© 2007 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
7