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www.fh-joanneum.at
MANAGEMENT
Microeconomic Benefits of Entry
•
The Euro is important in realising some of the gains from a
functioning single market
•
(1)
Potential Gains for consumers
–
Lower prices
because of increased competition/ greater
price transparency
(this is more likely with easily
transportable goods)
–
Reduction in the
transactions costs
of travelling within
Europe (e.g.
costs of currency exchange
)
–
Easier to live and work in different EU countries
www.fh-joanneum.at
MANAGEMENT
Microeconomic
Disadvantages
(1)
Changeover Costs from joining the Euro:
–
Costs of changing accounting systems
–
Menu Costs (vending machines, catalogues, franking
machines, postage)
–
Installation of new payments systems
–
Customer confusion (imperfect information)
(2)
Higher prices
–
Potential loss of consumer welfare if suppliers increase prices when
converting from
national currency
to euro
(3) The vast majority of consumers will continue to buy locally – what matters
more is the effectiveness of competition policy in targeting anti-competitive
behaviour
www.fh-joanneum.at
MANAGEMENT
Macroeconomic
Case Against Entry
(1) Entering the Euro means
losing an instrument of policy adjustment
–
A
“one-size fits all”
monetary policy may work against a country if
their cycle is not convergent with Euro Zone
–
Retaining the option of making an exchange rate adjustment is
useful
(2)
Fiscal Policy constraints
–
The EU Growth and Fiscal Stability Pact
–
Limits on government borrowing
–
But now largely ignored – especially with the effects
of the credit crunch / fiscal bail-outs etc
www.fh-joanneum.at
MANAGEMENT
Expansion of the Euro Zone
•
Slovenia joined in 2007
•
Cyprus and Malta joined in January 2008
•
Slovakia joined in January 2009
•
Estonia joined in January 2011
•
Latvia narrowly missed out on the convergence
criteria and will join on January 1, 2014
•
Other countries have delayed their entry
•
What are the arguments for the new member
states entering the single currency?
www.fh-joanneum.at
MANAGEMENT
Converging on the Euro Area
per cent
Official Policy Interest Rates
Slovak Republic
Eurozone
Source: Reuters EcoWin
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
%
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9