ВУЗ: Не указан
Категория: Не указан
Дисциплина: Не указана
Добавлен: 26.10.2023
Просмотров: 37
Скачиваний: 1
ВНИМАНИЕ! Если данный файл нарушает Ваши авторские права, то обязательно сообщите нам.
Контрольное задание 2
Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить задание 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:
-
Видовременные формы глагола:
а) активный залог – формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect(Present, Past, Future);
б) пассивный залог (The Passive Voice) видовременных форм Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.
Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский.
-
Модальные глаголы:
а) выражающие возможность: can (could), may (might) и эквивалент глагола can – to be able;
б) выражающие долженствование: must (его эквиваленты to have to; to be to), should, ought
to.
3. Простые неличные формы глагола:
Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и
обстоятельства.
4. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные
обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.
-
Интернациональные слова. Используйте следующие образцы выполнения упражнений.
Образец выполнения 1 (к упр.1)
а) They are discussing a new article at the moment.
В это время они обсуждают новую статью.
are discussing – Present Continuous Active от глагола to discuss.
б) We had managed to solve the problem.
Нам удалось решить эту проблему.
had managed – Past Perfect Active от глагола to manage.
в) Everything was arranged in good time.
Все было организовано своевременно.
was arranged – Past Indefinite Passive.
Образец выполнения 2 (к упр.II)
1. The changes affecting the composition of materials are called chemical changes.
Изменения, влияющие на состав материалов, называются химическими изменениями.
affecting – Participle I, определение
(are) called – Participle II, часть глагола сказуемого.
2. When heated to a certain temperature, this alloy increases in volume.
Будучи нагретым до определенной температуры, этот сплав увеличивается в размере.
(when) heated – Participle II, обстоятельство.
Вариант I.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
1. This time he is living in London.
2. Who were you waiting for when I came?
3. Computers will be taking decisions for us in the future.
4. His friend’s telephone number was forgotten by him.
5. By the time I got to the plane it had already taken off.
6. In a fortnight’s time we will have taken our exams.
7. The rooms were cleaned yesterday.
8. The translation is being done now.
9. The test had been finished when the teacher came.
10. The apple pie will have been baked by 2 o’clock in the afternoon.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Every engineer must know the properties of the material he works with.
2. The results of the experiment should be checked very carefully.
3. He is able to walk long distances.
4. Every researcher ought to be interested in the results of his work.
5. You needn’t disturb him, I can tell you everything.
6. You may begin reading.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола – сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Alloy is a material consisting of two or more elements.
2. The speed – range depends on the kind of speed – change mechanism used.
3. If worked beyond certain limits, the metal will become very brittle.
4. She was sitting in the arm-chair, looking through a newspaper.
5. Over 57 million students are enrolled in American schools.
IV. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.
British Institutions
Parliament is the most important authority in Britain. Parliament first met in the 13th century. Britain does not have a written constitution, but a set of laws. In 1689 Mary II and William III became the first constitutional monarchs. They could rule only with the support, of the Parliament. Technically Parliament is made up of three parts: the Monarch, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
The continuity of the English monarchy has been interrupted only once during the Cromwell republic. Succession to the throne is hereditary but only for Protestants in the direct line of descent. Formally the monarch has a number of roles. The monarch is expected to be politically neutral, and should not make political decisions. Nevertheless, the monarch still performs some important executive and legislative duties including opening and. dissolving Parliament, signing bills passed by both Houses and fulfilling international duties as head of state. The present sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II who was crowned in Westminster Abbey in 1953.
The House of Lords comprises about 1 200 peers. The house is presided over by the Lord Chancellor. The House of Lords has no real power but acts as an advisory council for the House of Commons. As well as having legislative functions, the Lords is the highest court of appeal.
The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament who are elected by the adult suffrage of the British people in general elections which are held at least every five years. The country is divided into 650 constituencies each of which elects one Member of Parliament. The Commons, therefore, has 650 Members of Parliament. The party which wins the most seats forms the Government and its leader becomes the Prime Minister. The functions of Commons are legislation and security of government activities. The house is presided over by the Speaker, The government party sits on the Speaker's right while on his left sit the members of the Opposition.
Answer the questions:
1. What is the most important authority in Britain?
2. Does Great Britain have its constitution?
3. What are the parts the Parliament made up of?
4. How are the Members of Parliament elected?
Вариант II.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
1. Excuse me, I am looking for a phone box.
2. Last night I was reading in bed when suddenly I heard a scream.
3. In five years’ time a permanent space station will be circling the moon.
4. The Labour party has always had strong links with the trade unions.
5. He had completed his work before the conference.
6. They will have finished the building of the house before summer.
7. The atom can be defined as the smallest portion of matter.
8. Our group is being examined by the professor now.
9. Nanocrystalline tungsten has been successfully synthesized.
10. The system is designed to operate at temperatures over 110 C.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Various methods should be used to make water safe and attractive to the consumer.
2. In Trafalgar Square you can see two beautiful fountains.
3. You must have a visa in your passport to visit Britain.
4. She had to more to another apartment because she hadn’t enough money to pay for the old one.
5. You needn’t eat so much bread you will gain weight.
6. They ought to ask somebody for advice.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола – сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. When broken, the material has a black, silken fracture.
2. Iron oxide is the major problem when forging steel.
3. The film, made by Stephen Spielberg, is expected to be a great hit.
4. They watched the burning forest helplessly.
5. Owing to these methods it has become possible to obtain new mechanical properties of the alloy.
IV. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.
History of Canada
Canada's history is an exciting story of development of a vast wilderness into a great nation. Most experts believe that the first people who lived on this land came from Asia about 15000 years ago. They came over a land bridge that once connected Asia and North America. Their descendants are known today as Indians. The ancestors of the Eskimos came to Alaska after them probably about 5000 years ago.
In 1497, John Cabot, an Italian navigator in the service of England, found rich fishing grounds off Canada's south- east coast. His discovery led to the European exploration of Canada. France set up a colony in eastern Canada in the early 1600's. Great Britain gained control of the country in 1763, and thousands of British emigrants came to Canada. In 1867, the French and English-speaking Canadians helped to create a united colony called the Dominion of Canada. Two groups worked together to settle the country and to develop its great mineral deposits and other natural resources.
Canada gained its independence from Britain in 1931. During the middle of 20th century, hard-working Canadians turned their country into an economic giant. Today Canada is a leading producer of wheat, oats, and barley. Canada also ranks among the world's top manufacturing countries, and it is a major producer of electric power.
Throughout its history, Canada has often been troubled by lack of unity among its people. French Canadians, most of whom live in the province of Quebec, have struggled to preserve their own culture. They have long been angered by Canadian policies based on British traditions. Many of them support a movement to make Quebec a separate nation. People in Canada's nine other provinces also frequently favour local needs over national interests.
Answer the questions:
-
Who were the first people to live In Canada? -
How did they come to Canada? -
What countries took part in exploration of Canada? -
When did Canada gain it's independence?
Вариант III.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
1. Scientists are still discussing the origin of the universe.
2. At the same time they were discussing the results of the experiment.
3. At 11 o’clock Jack will be repairing his car.
4. Stainless steels have successfully made their way into engineering applications.
5. The use of metals had marked one of the greatest stages in the evolution of man.
6. Tom will have finished this book by tomorrow evening.
7. The conquering Normans were greatly impressed by the industrial efficiency they found in England.
8. The Rolls-Royce motor car is known as the best car in the world.
9. English kings and queens have been crowned in Westminster abbey for about 1000 years.
10. The results of the research are being considered by alternative methods.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Very soon they will be able to make experiments in the new lab.
2. The classes may be organized by the local education authority.
3. Since the Stone Age, man has found many materials he could work with.
4. You should stop smoking.
5. Every research ought to be interested in the results of his work.
6. We have to finish the article translation by 2.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола – сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. A series of alloys known as aluminum bronzes possess high strength.
2. Depending upon the kind of metal and the final shape desired, one or more rolling operations may be possible.
3. Every day I see them passing the house.
4. She gave me a drink made of five different fruits.
5. Public schools are supported by state and local taxes.
IV. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.
Australia. The Land of Blue Mountains
The Great Barrier Reef on the coast of Queensland is a garden under the sea. There are 1,400 different kinds of fish, and more than 300 kinds of coral. Tropical fruit and flowers grow on the beautiful islands. It's not surprising that more holiday-makers come to Queensland every year.
Tasmania, the island south of Australia, is small. It is the same size as England. It is also very different from the other states. There are no deserts in Tasmania. It often rains, both in winter and summer. Only a half of million people live in Tasmania, and a large part of the island is still covered with wild, beautiful wild forests. These forests are full of wonderful flowers and interesting animals.
In the Northern Territory you will find the red heart of Australia. And it really is red, with red rocks, red sand, and red skies in the evening. Every year, thousands of tourists visit Ayers Rock and a strange group of huge red stones called "the Olgas". But these places are also holy to the Aboriginals. They believe that the land itself has life.
Sydney is the best known place in New South Wales. In fact, it's the best known place in Australia. But New South Wales has more than cities. There are, for example, the Blue Mountains. They are covered with forests of blue coloured eucalyptus trees. The air above the forest contains millions of microscopic drops of eucalyptus oil. When the sun shines, the air of the Blue Mountais is a real, beautiful blue.
Less then a hundred years ago, there was nothing except sheep in Canberra. But then Australians decided to build a capital city. The Work began in 1913. Now, Canberra is an international city, full of diplomats and government offices. It's a beautiful place, with parks, lakes, big open streets and fine buildings.
Australia is sometimes called "the lucky country". One reason is the wonderful riches under the earth: gold, silver, iron, coal and many precious metals. The Bass Strait, of the coast of Victoria, has been one of the country's biggest oil fields for many years.
South Australia is the dryest of all the states, but it does have Murrey River. The river brings greenness and life to the southeast corner. In the early of Australian history, the Murrey River was South Australia's main road. Before real roads and railways came, the river carried people and goods from the east up into the country. Some towns on the Murray still keep the old river boats, and visitors can ride on them.
There are two kinds of gold in Western Australia. First, there's real kind — the kind that comes out of the ground. Gold was found in Kalgoorlie in 1893, and the "Golden Mile" was for a time the most expensive piece of land in the world. Kalgorlie still exports some gold, but the new gold of Western Australia is wheat. Big farms grow millions of tons of wheat every year, and wheat has become Australia's second biggest export.
Answer the questions:
1. How many kinds of fish are there on the coast of
Queensland?
-
What grows on the beautiful islands? -
Where will you find the red heart of Australia? -
What is the best known place in New South Wales? . -
Why is the air above the forests blue?
Вариант IV.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
1. He is working on a new book now.
2. They were leaving for London at 3 and they did not want to be late.
3. At 4 o’clock tonight she will be writing letters to her friends.
4. In recent years there has been a great increase in the application of this method.
5. By the time of the Great Exhibition of London in 1851, the metallurgical world had already experienced a great advance in technical progress.
6. By the end of the term I will have read all the books on the list.
7. Iron is extracted from a rocky material called iron ore.
8. The Panama Canal was completed in 1914.
9. The technicians should be protected from excessive radiation.
10. Our group is being examined by the professor.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Last week Jack had to do a lot of things that his mother usually does.
2. Our earth may be warmed by “green-house effect”.
3. Taking a trip down the River Thames to the Tower of London you can get a glimpse of six London bridges.
4. I am sure they shouldn’t get married.
5. People are not able to see well in the evening, in order to see well they must light a lamp.
6. Yesterday I was to meet her at the station at 3 o’clock but the train was late.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола – сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The first plant employing high pressure and temperature was initiated in Canada.
2. The completed work was given to the teacher.
3. Entering the room he suddenly saw that there were several unknown people in it.