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111
528
64-
)
(
,
22
);
,
,
Windows,
Multimedia).
,
,
,
"
".
,
,
(
)
:
,
.
: VLB PCI.
VLB
(VESA Local Bus –
VESA) –
1992 .
(VESA – Video Electronics Standards Association),
VESA.
VLB,
,
,
Multimedia,
.
– 32
,
64-
.
VLB – 80
(
– 132
).
:
80386, 80486,
Pentium,
Pentium Pro, Power PC;
(
VLB
);
–
VLB
;
–
.
PCI
(Peripheral Component Interconnect –
) –
1993 .
Intel.
PCI
,
VLB,
,
: 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Power PC
.;
10
,
"
",
.
PCI
.
PCI – 32
64
,
132
,
64-
– 263
(
).
PCI
,
,
,
ISA, EISA, MCA (
)
PCI
(
VLB),
PCI (
).
VLB PCI
. 4.3 4.4.
,
VLB PCI
VLB-
PCI-
.
,
ISA/EISA, VLB PCI,
VIP (
VLB, ISA PCI).
112
. 4.3.
VLB
. 4.4.
PCI
4 . 4 .
ISA
EISA
MCA
VLB
PCI
,
16
24
32
32
32; 64
32
32; 64
32
32; 64
32
,
8
8 – 33
10 – 20
33
33
,
4
2
33
8
76
20
132
80
132; 264
50; 100
,
.
6
15
15
4
10
IDE (Integrated Device Electronics), EIDE (Enhanced IDE), SCSI (Small Computer
System Interface)
.
:
1.
,
,
.
:
(MIPS - Mega Instruction Per Second) –
(
);
(MFLOPS - Mega FLoating Operations Per Second) –
(
);
(KOPS – Kilo Operations Per Second)
–
113
;
(GFLOPS – Giga FLoating Operations Per Second) –
(
).
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
,
.
4.14
.
.
. 4.3)
33
7
.
(
,
.)
;
100
– 20
.
.
2.
.
–
,
,
;
,
,
,
.
3.
.
,
.
4.
.
(
),
).
: 1
= 1024
= 1024
2
.
8
,
.
,
2
,
,
1,7
.
5.
(
).
(1
= 1024
).
,
1997 .
1
.
6.
.
,
3,5 5,25
(1
= 25,4
).
1,44
,
– 1,2
.
7.
.
–
,
,
,
.
,
(
)
(
);
.
,
256
20%.
8.
(
)
.
9.
.
10.
.
.
11.
(
.
. 8-12).
12.
.
114
,
.
13.
(
.
. 6).
14.
.
)
(
).
,
,
.
15.
.
–
.
.
16.
.
17.
.
4.3.
,
,
– Central Processing Unit
(CPU) –
,
(
)
(
)
.
:
(
);
(
);
(
);
;
.
:
;
;
;
;
.
;
–
.
–
,
.
1971 .
Intel (
) –
4004.
,
Intel Intel-
.
:
CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing)
;
115
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing)
;
MISC (Minimum Instruction Set Computing)
(
).
CISC
IBM PC (International Business Machine)
C I S C ,
. 4.5.
4 . 5 .
CISC
:
1.
80386, 80486
SX,
DX, SL
. (80486SX, 80486DX),
,
,
,
,
,
: DX
; SX
SL
,
,
; SL
SLE –
,
(Lap Top, Note
Book).
2.
–
,
.
8 0 4 8 6 D X
.
,
DX2
2
,
DX4 – 3
.
,
,
,
.
:
80386
–
.
2 - 3
;
80286
;
80286
(
)
;
80386
,
.
,
,
;
80286
:
(Real mode)
(Protected mode).
(
)
8086,
,
.
.
. 4.5)
,
,
.
8 0 5 8 6 (
5 )
P e n t i u m ,