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121
.
,
,
.
:
"
,
"
–
,
,
,
;
"
"
–
,
,
.
80486
-
1 -
),
,
,
.
Pentium Pentium Pro
,
Pentium
–
8
,
Pentium Pro
256 - 512
.
,
2 -
) ,
,
.
.
(Dinamic Random Access Memory – DRAM)
(Static
Random Access Memory – SRAM)
.
,
.
(
)
SRAM,
DRAM-
.
(RAM – Random Access Memory –
)
(ROM – Read-Only Memory)
.
(
),
.
–
:
,
,
.
,
(
).
;
,
,
.
DIP
(Dual In-line Package –
)
SIP (Single
In-line Package –
),
,
, SIMM (Single In-line Memory
Module –
).
SIMM
256
, 1, 4, 8, 16
32
,
;
30-
("
") 72- ("
")
,
.
(
)
SIMM.
(
)
:
,
(BIOS – Base Input-Output System)
.
,
.
,
,
.
–
.
.
,
–
FLASH-
122
.
FLASH-
:
32
4
,
0,06
,
10
; FLASH-
–
.
FLASH-
(12 ),
.
FLASH-
,
.
FLASH-
,
,
– "
",
,
BIOS,
"
"
.
1
.
1
32
.
:
128 (
256)
,
–
.
(
)
.
.
.
,
,
n
,
.
2
n
,
–
.
,
(
. 4.7).
640
384
64
576
256
128
.
. 4.7.
1-
,
,
.
,
,
, 16
. 4.8.
. 4.8.
:
123
,
1024
0
1024
- 1,
,
-
.
-
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
– Conventional Memory Area)
0
640
.
640
1024
(UMA - Upper Memory Area).
)
.
– "
",
.
–
1024
.
.
,
:
XMS (
–
e
x
tended Memory Area);
EMS (
–
Expanded Memory).
XMS
(e
x
tended Memory Specification)
(extended Memory Manager).
,
,
,
Extended
Expanded
,
.
EMS
(Expanded Memory Specification)
.
Expanded Memory
.
,
,
.
,
EMS,
,
Expanded Memory
(EM)
.
EMM386.EXE (Expanded Memory Manager)
QEMM.
.
)
.
64-
1024
1088
,
:
– High Memory Area),
HIMEM.SYS (High Memory
Manager)
XMS.
.
.
(virtual –
,
).
.
,
,
124
.
:
,
,
,
.
–
,
.
. 4. 9.
. 4.9.
.
,
,
:
(
)
(
–
).
.
.
,
"
"
,
,
,
.
(
. 4.6):
(
),
,
;
(
)
"
";
,
;
,
, floptical-
;
,
, VHD-
;
CD-ROM (Compact Disk ROM);
WORM (Continuous Composite Write Once Read
Many –
–
);
(
)
.
4 . 6 .
,
,
,
1,2; 1,44
65-100
150
250-4000
8-20
500-3000
20-230
20
500-2000
Floptical
20,8
65
100-300
VHD
120-240
65
200-600
CD-ROM
250-1500
15-300
150-1500
CCWORM
120-1000
15-150
150-1500
128-1300
15-150
300-2000
.
–
,
–
.
–
125
.
)
.
),
-
.
: 0
1.
(
)
.
,
.
.
:
,
,
,
-
.
3,5" (89
) 5,25"
(133
).
3,5"
,
),
.
(
. 4.10)
–
(
).
,
,
.
. 4.10.
.
128, 256,
512
1024
,
512
.
.
–
,
.
,
,
.
,
(
,
)
.
–
,
.
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
(
)
"
".
,
.