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151
,
;
;
,
(
);
;
;
;
,
.
. 5.1.
5 . 1 .
, MIPS
1000-100000
10-1000
1-100
1-100
,
2000-10000
64 - 10000
4-512
4-256
,
500-5000
50-1000
2-100
0,5-10
,
64-128
32-64
16-64
16-64
,
.
.
(Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer)
1946 . ( 1996 .
50-
).
50 ,
,
20
;
100
.
:
,
,
.
,
,
.
70-
.
,
,
,
–
.
.
.
–
,
,
,
.
1969 .
(
)
70-
.
–
. 5.5).
.
.
152
. 5.5.
–
,
,
.
) –
,
.
(work station)
,
(
,
,
.).
(server) –
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
.
5.2.
(Mainframe).
,
,
,
:
10 MIPS;
64
10000
;
50
;
(
16
1000
).
–
,
,
,
.
–
.
,
,
IBM.
IBM 360 IBM 370,
.
:
IBM 390, IBM 4300 (4331, 4341, 4361, 4381),
IBM 380
1979 ., IBM ES/9000,
1990 .,
1800
Fujitsu.
IBM ES/9000 (ES – Enterprise System –
(
)
)
,
18
,
IBM 390:
ES/9221 model 120
256
,
MIPS 12
;
ES/9021 model 900
6
,
9
,
MIPS 256
,
.
1800
Fujitsu
1990 .
V 780
5
: Model-20, -30, -45, -65, -85;
Model-45, -65, -85 -
4, 6 8
;
,
2
256
.
,
:
1068
10 MIPS
32
;
1087–15 MIPS 128
;
153
30 –50 MIPS 8
;
1170 (4-
) – 20 MIPS 64
.
,
:
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
.
":
,
70% "
"
;
1995 .
40
.
.
5
.
: IBM (ES/9000
,
,
), Hitachi Data System, Fujitsu
.
5.3.
(
) –
,
,
.
)
:
–
100 MIPS;
– 4-512
;
– 2-100
;
– 16-512.
, 16-, 32-, 64-
.
:
,
,
,
,
.
:
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
PDP-11 (Program Driven
Processor –
)
DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation
,
),
-
–
(
):
1, 2,3,4, 1400,1700
.
P D P - 1 1
-
VAX-11
VAX-3600;
8000 (VAX-8250, 8820);
9000 (VAX-9410, 9430)
.
VAX
:
–
1
16;
–
1
600 MIPS;
154
–
4
2
;
–
2
300
;
–
32.
,
VAX
.
:
: IBM 4381, HP 9000;
: Wang VS 7320, AT&T 3 4000;
HS 4000,
.
5.4.
:
,
;
;
,
,
,
,
;
"
,
;
(
5000
).
(
. 5.2)
IBM: IBM
PC/XT, IBM PC/AT
80286 (16-
), IBM PS/2 8030 -PS/2 8080 (PS – Personal
System),
PS,
PS/2 8080, – 16-
, PS/2 8080 – 32-
, IBM PC
80386
80486 (32-
), IBM PC
Pentium Pentium Pro (64-
).
,
: Compaq
Computer, Apple (Macintosh), Hewlett Packard, Dell, DEC,
: Spectrum,
Amstrad;
: Micral;
: Olivetty;
: Toshiba, Panasonic Partner.
) IBM,
1981 .
DEC (Digital Equipment
Corporation),
Macintosh
Apple,
2-
.
90-
.
150
.
.,
90% –
,
IBM PC
100
.
.
75%
);
DEC
5
.
.
IBM
PC
Pentium Pentium Pro.
.
80486
.
(
)
DEC-
(
-1 –
-4
-1201,
85,
32
.) IBM PC-
(
1840 –
1842,
1845,
1849,
1861,
1030,
4816,
9.66
.)
.
(
,
,
,
,
.)
.
8-10
DEC-
,
IBM PC-
.
5 . 2 .
IBM PC
155
.
:
1-
–
8-
;
2-
–
16-
;
3-
–
32-
;
4-
–
64-
.
. 5.6.
. 5.6.
5.5.
-
.
2000 .,
,
:
100 000 MFLOPS;
:
10
,
1-10
(1
= 1000
);
64; 128
.
Cray Research
2000 .
1 TFLOPS = 1 000
000 MFLOPS.
,
(300 000
),
(
)
100
.
.
(
) .
:
)
,
;
(
MISD – Multiple Instruction Single Data);
,