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156
–
SIMD – Single Instruction Multiple Data);
,
–
(
MIMD – Multiple Instruction Multiple
Data).
(SISD – Single Instruction Single Data)
. 5.7.
:
MIMD
(
,
BSP
Burroughs);
,
, MMISD,
.
(Multiple)
MISD-
(
,
"
3");
,
, MSIMD,
.
SIMD-
(
,
Cray 2).
MSIMD-
,
(
Cray, Fujitsu, NEC, Hitachi
.).
1960 .
1972 . (
ILLIAC IV
20 MFLOPS),
1974 .
Cray Research,
Cray 1
160 MFLOPS
64
,
1984 . –
Cray 2,
MSIMD
.
Cray 2 – 2000
MFLOPS,
– 2
.
,
–
MFLOPS
1
.
( 1991 . - 900
.),
Cray EL
Cray 3, Cray 4, Cray Y-MP C90
Cray Research,
Cyber 205
Control Data, SX-3 SX-X
NEC, VP 2000
Fujitsu (
), VPP 500
Siemens (
)
.,
MFLOPS;
.
157
. 5.7.
:
– SISD (
);
– MISD (
);
– SIMD (
);
– MIMD (
)
,
,
.
:
,
,
,
(
,
110),
(
).
,
(
,
,
)
.
,
Cray
;
:
1191, 1195, 1191.01, 1191.10,
1, 2, 3, 3 .
1191
1200 MFLOPS
;
1195
1191.01
50 500 MFLOPS;
1191.10
2000 MFLOPS.
5.6.
,
, –
.
,
,
.
5.1.
Marshall-NP
Pentium-100
512
,
–
3
.
CRAY
158
6400
64
,
16
,
2000
, 64
.
–
,
(
,
,
,
,
.)
.
.
.
"
"
:
,
,
(
,
)
.
(File Server)
,
,
RAID
1
.
, Storage Express System)
,
(
)
5
;
,
(
,
).
(Net SatisFaxion) –
,
,
.
(Mail Server) –
,
,
,
.
(Print Server, Net Port)
.
.
5.7.
–
.
, 1998 .
50%
,
2000 .
81.
,
.
,
–
.
(LCD – Liquid Crystal Display)
.
(
– picture element)
,
–
.
,
:
,
,
.
.
3 - 4
,
.
640x480
.
,
PCMCIA-
(
Personal Computer
Memory Card International Association,
).
PCMCIA-
Plug and Play,
.
159
Flash-
,
.
: 84-86
(
101
),
;
.
,
.
(
)
,
,
.
(Track Ball) –
15-20
,
(
).
(Track Point) –
,
.
(Track Pad
Touch Pad) –
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
:
(
15
)
100 .
(
. 5.3).
5 . 3 .
–
.
Nomadic –
.
–
:
,
RISC,
300
,
64
,
,
4
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
VGA. Nomadic
160
.
,
,
,
.
(
)
"LapTop"
"
",
5 - 10
.
.
Lap Top
Pentium, Pentium Pro
(
200
);
64
;
1200
,
;
CD-ROM
.
(Note Book Sub Note Book,
Omni Book -
")
.
(
)
.
Lap Top,
(
"
"
).
,
Sub Note Book (
Note
Book),
Flash-
10 - 20
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
Track Point Track
Pad.
PCMCIA.
Note Book
,
3 - 4 (
12 ).
Note Book,
,
IBM ThinkPad,
.
Note Book
:
Toshiba, Compaq, Hewlett Packard
.
5.2.
Note Book
Compaq LTE 5000
Pentium
,
72
,
–
5,4
PCI,
,
16 .
,
Note Book,
,
,
,
,
.
.
Note Book
10
.
.
(Palm Top,
"
")
300 ;
150x80x25
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
(PDA – Personal Digital Assistent,
Hand Help
–
)
(
0,5 ),
,
Palm Top (
:
,
,
,
,
,
,
.),
,
,
.
PDA
,