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Тема 1. Необходимость закона
Повторение грамматики: Порядок слов в утвердительном предложении:
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ + СКАЗУЕМОЕ + ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ
Обстоятельство может находиться или в начале, или в конце предложения. Определение может находиться рядом с любым членом предложения, который требует определения.
1. Составьте предложения. Переведите.
1) have/ in any society/ several characteristics/ laws.
in any society, laws have several characteristics
В любом обществе, закон имеет несколько особеностей.
2) people/ enable/ to feel secure/ laws / in their lives.
People enable laws, to feel secure in their lives.
Люди принимают законы, чтобы чувствовать себя в безопасности в своей жизни.
3) to forbid / the first aim of law/ certain ways of behaving/ is / like murder, terrorism, or smoking in public places.
The first aim of law - is to forbid certain ways of behaving like murder, terrorism, or smoking in public places.
Первая цель закона - запретить определенные формы поведения, такие как убийство, терроризм или курение в общественных местах.
4) to provide/ to make their own arrangements/ facilities for people/ is / the second aim of law.
The second aim of law is to provide to make their own arrangements facilities for people.
Вторая цель закона состоит в том, чтобы предоставить людям возможность самим принимать решения
5) to settle/ the third aim of law/ disputes among citizens / is.
Еhe third aim of law is disputes among citizens to settle.
Третья цель закона - урегулирование споров между гражданами
2. Соедините английские словосочетания с переводом .
| 1) to make laws 2) to repeal laws 3) to break laws 4) to obey laws 5) to enforce laws 6) to apply laws 7) to be against the law 8) to study law 9) to amend the law 10) to turn to the law 11) to propose laws | издавать, принимать законы отменять законы нарушать законы соблюдать законы обеспечить (принудительно) исполнение закона применять законы быть противозаконным изучать право вносить законы на рассмотрение обращаться к закону (в полицию) вносить поправки в закон |
3. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу глаголами из упражнения 2.
1) The State Duma of the Russian Federation to turn to the laws.
2) The government to propose laws and to repeal laws if they are bad.
3) The police to enforce laws.
4) Courts and judges to enforce laws.
5) Law-abiding people to obey laws.
6) Criminals to be against the laws.
7) The students of universities to study law.
4. Прочитайте текст. Напишите на русском языке причины, объясняющие в тексте необходимость законов и правил.
The Need of Law
1. Mr. Jones, murdered his wife, and was burying her in the garden one night, when his neighbour heard the noise and asked him what he was doing.
“Just burying the cat,” said Mr. Jones.
“Funny sort of time to bury a cat,” said the neighbour.
“Funny sort of cat,” said Mr. Jones.
2. When the world was at a very primitive stage of development there were no laws to regulate life of people. If a man chose to kill his wife or if a woman succeeded in killing her husband that was their own business and no one interfered officially.
3. But, for a very long time now, members of every community have made laws for themselves in self-protection. If it were not for the law, you could not go out in broad daylight without the fear of being kidnapped, robbed or murdered. There are far, far more good people in the world than bad, but there are enough of the bad to make law necessary.
4. If we were all as good as we ought to be, laws would still be necessary. If we never told lies, never took anything that didn't belong to us, never omitted to do anything that we ought to do and never did anything that we ought not to do, we should still require a set of rules of behaviour, laws.
5. How must one good man in a motor-car pass another good man in a motor-car coming in the opposite direction, unless there is some rule of the road? If they don’t know which side to pass, the result will probably be that there will be two good men less in the world.
6. Every country tries, therefore, to provide laws which will help its people to live safely and as comfortably as possible. No community has been successful in producing laws which are entirely satisfactory. But we are far better off with the imperfect laws which we have, than if we had none at all.
Закон нужен что бы вы смогли выйти на улицу средь бела дня, не опасаясь быть похищенным, ограбленным или убитым.
5. Расположите словосочетания в порядке, как они употреблены в тексте. Переведите.
self-protection, as good as we ought to be, rule of the road, laws which are entirely satisfactory, neighbour heard the noise, rules of behaviour, if it were not for the law, laws to regulate life, to live safely, imperfect laws
neighbour heard the noise - сосед услышал шум.
laws to regulate life - законы, регулирующие жизнь.
self-protection - самозащита.
if it were not for the law - если бы не закон.
as good as we ought to be - настолько хороши, насколько нам следовало бы быть.
rules of behaviour - правила поведения.
rule of the road - правила дорожного движения.
to live safely - чтобы жить в безопасности.
laws which are entirely satisfactory - законы, которые являются полностью удовлетворительными.
imperfect laws - несовершенные законы.