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Эксперимент (experiment). Метод исследования, при котором переменные могут изучаться при полном и систематическом контроле, в ситуации, искусственно созданной исследователем, либо в естественной. 54, 113, 265, 311, 312, 350, 478, 479, 481, 483, 486.
Эмоциональный индивидуализм (affective individualism). Вера в романтическую привязанность как основу для заключения брачного союза. 281, 284, 298.
Эмпирическое исследование (empirical investigation). Фактологическое исследование, проводимое в любой из областей социологии. 33, 487.
Эндогамия (endogamy). Система, в которой индивид может жениться или выйти замуж только за человека, принадлежащего к тому же роду. 283, 298.
Эпизоды изменений (episodes of change). Последовательности социальных изменений, осуществляющихся одним и тем же образом в различных обществах. 465.
Этические религии (ethical religions). Религии, основанные на этическом обращении “великого учителя” (подобно Будде или Конфуцию), а не на вере в сверхъестественные силы. 332, 343.
Этнометодология (ethnomethodology). Изучение того, как люди вкладывают смысл в сказанное и сделанное ими в рамках повседневного социального взаимодействия. Этнометодология изучает “этнометоды”, посредством которых люди в процессе взаимодействия передают друг другу смысловое значение. 77,78, 90, 91.
Этноцентризм (ethnocentrism). Восприятие идей и практик других культур в терминах собственной культуры, Этноцентрические суждения не позволяют справедливо оценивать другие культуры. Этноцентрист — человек, неспособный или нежелающий рассматривать другие культуры в рамках их собственных понятий. 39, 40, 54, 185, 186.
Этноцентрические транснациональные корпорации (ethnocentric transnationals). Транснациональные компании, управление которыми осуществляется непосредственно из штаб-квартиры родительской (основной) компании. 393.
Ядро мировой системы (core). Ведущие индустриально развитые страны, занимающие центральные позиции в мировой экономике (прежде всего США, Западная Европа, Япония), 15.
1) См. также; Giddens A. New Rules as Sociological Method. London: Hutchinson, 1976; он же. The Nation-State end Violence, Cambridge, Polity Press, 1985; он же. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modem Age, Cambridge, Polity Press, 1991; Гидденс Э. Девять тезисов о будущем социологии // THESIS: Теория и история экономических и социальных институтов и систем. М., Зима, 1993, т. 1, вып. 1, № 1. С. S7-S2; Гидденс 9, Элементы теории структурации / Современная социальная теория: Бурдье, Гидденс, Хабермас {под ред. А. В. Леденевой), Новосибирск, изд-во Новосибирского университета, 1995. С. 41-80.
2)Giddens A, The Constitution of Society. Cambridge, Polity Press, 1985; Sztompka A. Society in Action: The Theory of Social becoming. Cambridge, Polity Press, 1991; Alexander J. Action and its Environments. Towards a New Synthesis. Columbia University Press, 1988; Archer M. Culture and Agency. Cambridge, University Press, 1988.
1) Monter Е. William. The pedestal and the stake: courtly love and witchcraft. In: Renate Bridenthal and Clauetia Кмщ. Becoming Visible: Women in European History. Boston, 1977.
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1) Shattwk Roger. The Fortidden Experiment: The Story of the Wild Boy ofAveyron. New York, 1980. P. 69; Lane Harlan. The Wild Boy ofAveyron. Cambridge, 1976.
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*) Здесь и далее автор имеет в виду свою позицию.
9) “I” и “Me” — две подсистемы в системе социального Я индивида. “Me” представляет собой свойственную данному индивиду совокупность установок “других”, т.е. интернализованную структуру групповой деятельности. “I”, напротив, имеет автономный характер, является источником спонтанного, непредсказуемого поведения, отражает специфику реакций индивида на социальные символы. Щит. по: Ионин Л. Г. Современная западная социология. М., 1990. С. 187.)
*) Игра слов: for the present (англ.) — пока; дословно — "для подарка".
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10) Goffman Erving. Forms of Talk. Philadelphia, 1981.
11) Goffman Erving. Forms of Talk. Philadelphia, 1981. P. 214-221.
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13)anomie (англ.) — моральное разложение, падение нравов.
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23) Рассматривая поведение мужчин и женщин, социологи часто предпочитают использовать термин “гендер”, а не “пол”. “Пол” обозначает биологические/анатомические различия между мужчиной и женщиной; “гендер” — психологические/социальные/культурные различия между ними — различия между мужественностью и женственностью (см. главу 6, “Гендер и сексуальность”).
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44) Т. е. Войной за независимость США.
1) Если пол индивида биологически детерминирован, то род (гендер) является культурно и социально заданным. Таким образом, существует два пола (мужской и женский) и два рода (мужественный и женственный). Слово “род” в русском языке имеет несколько значений. Во избежание разночтений при определении социальных и культурных характеристик рода при переводе используется понятие “гендер”.
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20) Имеется в виду первый съезд женщин в г. Сенека-фолз, штат Нью-Йорк.
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23) suffrage (англ.) — право голоса.
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