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Министерство науки и высшего образования РФ
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное
учреждение высшего образования
«Омский государственный технический университет»
Кафедра «Иностранные языки»
Домашнее задание
по дисциплине «Иностранный язык»
на тему «Inventors»
2 курс 3 семестр
Выполнил студент гр._ зсм-201____
Рысухин И.А ___________________
Проверил:_ Липина Ю.А ._______
_________________________________
(дата) (подпись)
Омск г.
Тема: «Inventors»
Тема: «Изобретатели»
| 1. curious | любопытный, любознательный |
| 2. explosive | взрывчатый, взрывчатое вещество |
| 3. natural sciences | естественные науки |
| 4. nitroglycerine | нитроглицерин |
| 5. controlled detonation | управляемый взрыв |
| 6. handling | обработка, переработка, обращение |
| 7. additive | вспомогательное вещество |
| 8. dynamite | динамит |
| 9. to detonate | детонировать, взрываться |
| 10. dynamite rod | динамитная шашка |
| 11. blasting cap | капсюль - детонатор |
| 12. to ignite | поджигать |
| 13. fuse | фитиль, воспламенитель детонатора |
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Learn the words. Выучите слова.
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Read and translate the text. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
Text/Текст
Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born on October 21, 1833, in Stockholm, Sweden. His father Immanuel Nobel was an engineer and inventor who built bridges and buildings in Stockholm. Alfred's mother, born Andriette Ahlsell, came from a wealthy family.
Alfred was often sickly as a child, but he was always lively and curious about the world around him. When Alfred was 4, his father moved St. Petersburg, Russia, to take a job manufacturing explosives. The family followed him in 1842.
There, his sons were given a first class education by private teachers. The training included natural sciences, languages and literature. By the age of 17 Alfred Nobel was fluent in Swedish, Russian, French, English and German. His primary interests were in English literature and poetry as well as in chemistry and physics.
Alfred left Russia at the age of 18. After spending a year in Paris studying chemistry, he moved to the United States. Alfred Nobel became very interested in nitroglycerine and how it could be put to practical use in construction work. He also realized that the safety problems had to be solved and a method had to be developed for the controlled detonation of nitroglycerine.
After five years, he returned to Russia and began working in his father's factory making military equipment for the Crimean War. In 1859, at the end of the war, the family moved back to Sweden.
After his return to Sweden in 1863, Alfred Nobel concentrated on developing nitroglycerine as an explosive.
T
o make the handling of nitroglycerine safer Alfred Nobel experimented with different additives. In 1867 he patented this material under the name of dynamite.To be able to detonate the dynamite rods he also invented a detonator (blasting cap) which could be ignited by lighting a fuse.
The market for dynamite and detonating caps grew very rapidly and Alfred Nobel also proved himself to be a very skillful entrepreneur, businessman and industrialist. By 1865 his factory in Germany had been exporting nitroglycerine explosives to other countries in Europe, America and Australia. Over the years he founded factories and laboratories in some 90 different places in more than 20 countries.
Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues. He had a great interest in literature and wrote his own poetry and dramatic works. The Nobel Prizes became an extension and a fulfillment of his lifetime interests.
Intensive work and travel did not leave much time for a private life.
At the age of 43 he was feeling like an old man. He had no wife and family to love him.
Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, 1896. When his will was opened it came as a surprise that his fortune was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace.
Альфред Бернхард Нобель родился 21 октября 1833 года в Стокгольме, Швеция. Его отец Иммануил Нобель был инженером и изобретателем, который строил мосты и здания в Стокгольме. Мать Альфреда, урожденная Андриетт Алселл, происходила из богатой семьи.
Альфред часто болел в детстве, но он всегда был живчиком и любопытным к окружающему его миру. Когда Альфреду было 4 года, его отец переехал в Санкт-Петербург, Россию, чтобы устроиться на работу по производству взрывчатых веществ. Семья последовала за ним в 1842 году.
Там его сыновья получили первоклассное образование от частных учителей. Обучение включало естественные науки, языки и литературу. К 17 годам Альфред Нобель свободно говорил на шведском, русском, французском, английском и немецком языках. Его основные интересы были в английской литературе и поэзии, а также в химии и физике.
Альфред покинул Россию в возрасте 18 лет. Проведя год в Париже, изучая химию, он переехал в Соединенные Штаты. Альфред Нобель очень заинтересовался нитроглицерином и его практическим использованием в строительных работах. Он также понял, что проблемы безопасности должны быть решены, и должен быть разработан метод для контролируемой детонации нитроглицерина.
Через пять лет он вернулся в Россию и начал работать на фабрике своего отца по изготовлению военной техники для Крымской войны. В 1859 году, в конце войны, семья вернулась в Швецию.
После своего возвращения в Швецию в 1863 году Альфред Нобель сосредоточился на разработке нитроглицерина в качестве взрывчатого вещества.
Чтобы сделать обработку нитроглицерина более безопасной, Альфред Нобель экспериментировал с различными добавками. В 1867 году он запатентовал этот материал под названием динамит.
Чтобы иметь возможность взорвать стержни динамита, он также изобрел детонатор (взрывную крышку), который можно было бы зажечь, поджигая предохранитель.
Рынок динамитных и детонирующих колпачков рос очень быстро, и Альфред Нобель также проявил себя как очень умелый предприниматель, бизнесмен и промышленник. К 1865 году его фабрика в Германии экспортировала нитроглицериновые взрывчатые вещества в другие страны Европы, Америки и Австралии. За эти годы он основал фабрики и лаборатории примерно в 90 разных местах в более чем 20 странах.
Нобель был очень заинтересован в социальных и мирных вопросах. У него был большой интерес к литературе, он писал свои стихи и драматические произведения. Нобелевские премии стали продолжением и реализацией его жизненных интересов.
Интенсивная работа и путешествия не оставили много времени для личной жизни.
В 43 года он чувствовал себя стариком. У него не было жены и семьи, чтобы любить его.
Альфред Нобель умер в Сан-Ремо, Италия, 10 декабря 1896 года. Когда его завещание было раскрыто, стало неожиданностью, что его состояние должно было быть использовано для получения премий в области физики, химии, физиологии или медицины
, литературы и мира.
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Answer the questions to the text. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
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Where and when was Nobel born?
Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born on October 21, 1833, in Stockholm, Sweden.
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Was Nobel a curious child?
Yes. He was.
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Did Alfred and his brothers go to school?
They were given a first class education by private teachers.
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What did Alfred`s training include?
The training included natural sciences, languages and literature.
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What were Alfred`s primary interests in?
His primary interests were in English literature and poetry as well as in chemistry and physics.
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When did Alfred leave Russia?
Alfred left Russia at the age of 18.
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What were Alfred`s scientific interests when he moved to the USA?
Alfred Nobel became very interested in nitroglycerine and how it could be put to practical use in construction work.
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What was Nobel`s primary interest in putting nitroglycerine to practical use?
He realized that the safety problems had to be solved and a method had to be developed for the controlled detonation of nitroglycerine.
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Where did Alfred work when he returned to Russia?
After five years, he returned to Russia and began working in his father's factory making military equipment for the Crimean War.
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What kind of material did Nobel patent in 1867?
In 1867 he patented this material under the name of dynamite.
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What was the use of inventing a detonator?
To be able to detonate the dynamite rods he also invented a detonator (blasting cap) which could be ignited by lighting a fuse.
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Why could one call Nobel as a skillful industrialist?
Because his market for dynamite and detonating caps grew very rapidly.
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What were Nobel`s lifetime interests?
He had a great interest in literature and wrote his own poetry and dramatic works.
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Was Alfred Nobel a lonely man?
Yes, he was.
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When and where did Alfred Nobel die?
Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, 1896.
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What was Alfred Nobel`s will?
His fortune was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace.
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Use the key-notes to compose a short report on the topic and write it down. Используйте подсказки для составления короткого пересказа и запишите его.
Key-notes
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Early life -
Family -
Education -
Scientific interests -
Father`s factory -
Developing explosives -
Entrepreneur and industrialist -
Life interests -
Loneliness -
Will
Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born on October 21, 1833, in Stockholm, Sweden. . His father was an engineer and inventor and his mother came from a wealthy family. When Alfred was 4, he and his family moved St. Petersburg, Russia where he was given a first class education by private teachers. Alfred could speak many different languages but his primary interests were in English literature and poetry as well as in chemistry and physics. After some years abroad, he returned to Russia and began working in his father's factory making military equipment for the Crimean War. After his return to Sweden in 1863, Alfred Nobel concentrated on developing nitroglycerine as an explosive. The market for dynamite and detonating caps grew very rapidly and Alfred Nobel also proved himself to be a very skillful entrepreneur, businessman and industrialist. He had a great interest in literature and wrote his own poetry and dramatic works. Unfortunately, he had no wife and family to love him. Alfred Nobel died in San Remo and his will, all his fortune, was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace.