The great historic places of the Old World are cities, castles, and gardens. But in the New World, some of the most interesting historic places are the roads. Americans remember the great journeys of their history in movies, stories, and pictures. Their grandparents crossed America on horses and in wagons.

But they don’t go in wagons now, of course. They go in mobile homes. Some mobile homes are pulled by the family car. Some, like Winnebagos, have a driver’s cab. Behind the cab there is a room with beds, a small kitchen, a table, a washing place.

Winnebagos are great for vacations. A family can travel in the Winnebago, and stop at campgrounds to sleep and eat. They do not have to spend money on motels. In summer, the campgrounds in the national parks are full of mobile homes.

American factories make new and better mobile homes all the time. Some of them are palaces on wheels. But the idea is not a new one. In 1930s, there were a large number of «Airstreamers» on the road. These wonderful old  mobile homes looked like small space ships. They were made of shiny silver metal. Sometimes you can still see them out on the highways.

Mobile homes are not good only for vacations. Many people live in them. Five percent of all American homes started as mobile homes, but many of them do not travel any more. They parked in trailer parks. People build on new rooms, and grow flowers and trees near them. Soon the mobile homes look like houses. The difference is that mobile homes are much cheaper than houses. Most Americans buy them.
Ответ:_План_для_пересказа_в_форме_вопросов'>Ответ:

План для пересказа в форме вопросов:

1. 
   What were the first European American like?
   
2. 
   How did the pioneers build their houses?
   
3. 
   Why were those «sod houses» very uncomfortable?
   
4. 
   What houses did the European Americans build when they made money?
   
5. 
   What houses were called «log cabins»?
   
6. 
   What did the pioneer women do to make their homes comfortable?
   
7. 
   Where do Americans like to go on vacations? Why?
   
8. 
   What were the first European American like?
   
9. 
   How did the pioneers build their houses?
   
10. 
    Why were those «sod houses» very uncomfortable?
    
11. 
    What houses did the European Americans build when they made money?
    
12. 
    What houses were called «log cabins»?
    
13. 
    What did the pioneer women do to make their homes comfortable?
    
14. 
    Where do Americans like to go on vacations? Why?
    

Задание 5. (максимальное количество баллов – 4 балла)

Сделайте письменный перевод на английский язык.

Переведите на английский.

 

Погода в Британии имеет плохую репутацию потому что быстро меняется. Люди никогда не могут быть уверены в том, что не будет дождя. Из-за изменчивой погоды люди носят зонтики каждый день.  Британцы говорят «дождь льет как из ведра», если идет сильный дождь.

Лето в Британии не очень жаркое. А зима не очень холодная. В некоторых частях Британии зима проходит совсем без снега. Поэтому можно сказать, что климат в Британии мягкий.  Британцы часто говорят о погоде. Говорят, что разговор о погоде – это хороший способ начать разговор с незнакомцем.
Ответ:

The weather in Britain has a bad reputation because it changes quickly. People can never be sure that it won't rain. Because of the changeable weather, people wear umbrellas every day. The British say "it's raining like a bucket" if it's raining heavily.

---

Summer in Britain is not very hot. And winter is not very cold. In some parts of Britain, winter passes without snow at all. Therefore, we can say that the climate in Britain is mild. The British often talk about the weather. They say that talking about the weather is a good way to start a conversation with a stranger.

 

Задание 6.(максимальное количество баллов – 3 балла)

Найдите в тексте соответствия следующих слов и выражений:

И так далее; кроме того; завязать разговор; никто не имеет дел с незнакомцами; избегать сплетен; давать советы и взваливать на себя груз чужих проблем; личный опыт; действуйте по ситуации; это сработало; сводить на нет; не имеет значения; я пришла к выводу; невыносимо неловко.

 

Talking about weather/Разговоры о погоде.

 

It seems to me that the English begin the day with conversation about the weather and finish it with the same theme. At home, at work, on the street — always: ‘Today is wonderful, isn’t it, dear?’ or ‘Awful weather today, isn’t it? Will it stop raining at last today?’ And so on… Like this arise a million conversations about various topics, starting with a short chat over breakfast or at the bus stop and finishing with a conversation with a friend or a colleague at work.

For me this was always fascinating. In Russia people at bus stops look at you like potential competition who could occupy your potential seat. There are no friendly conversations about the weather with strangers at the bus stop, you wouldn’t even think about it. Besides, there are so many people that you would have to spend no less than half an hour walking around everybody sharing your sentiments about the weather. I think people would start to recoil from the friendly questioning potential passenger and think that one was loony.

How do people usually start a conversation with friends or colleagues in Russia? ‘How are you? OK?’ or ‘How’re you feeling?’ and about feelings people talk readily and always. Not only this, but they start to share their problems, and the conversation can stretch on until dinner, starting with analysis of the problem, cigarette breaks and heaps of advice from personal experience or the experience of a friend. But with strangers…no, nobody has any dealings with strangers; everybody has ‘distressing deep thoughts’ about tomorrow’s day. For some: ‘What fur coat to wear — mink or fox?’, for others: ‘To buy a litre of milk or is it better two loaves of bread?’

So, this kind of communication and start of a conversation I am, of course, used to, for me it was civil to ask about mood. Once, when I was in college in England, where I taught language, I asked the students about their moods, in answer I heard ‘deadly’ silence. I was lost for some seconds but recollected the advice of our lecturer in foreign languages. His main advice comprised — when entering an auditorium you need to consider yourself an actor who has walked out on stage, and be prepared for all the surprises of stage life. In his words — be spontaneous!

I immediately started talking about the weather, and it helped. I saw puzzled faces, trying to translate my questions about the weather. The English people were in a familiar situation!

From time to time I asked myself — well, from idleness of thoughts, I supposed ‘Hmm, why are English people so worried by the weather? Maybe, it’s because the weather changes several times a day?’ You can experience, in the course of one day, all the seasons of the year, depending on which sea the wind is blowing in from. The position of the sun in this does not play a significant role. It can be shining, and even brightly, but the wind from the North Sea brings to nothing all the sun’s efforts. Or in January, for example, you can get a tan and even sweat somewhere in a corner sheltered from the wind by the sea.

---

I think that the initial reason for the ‘passion’ for talking about the weather was precisely this bottom line. ‘No matter how you look at it’ the theme in discussion is broad; anyone and everyone can ‘blaze’ about it.

However, I came to the conclusion that there are also at least two more reasons for this chattiness.

One of them, I speculate, is hidden in the extraordinary / traditional / genetic politeness of the English. If they need to find something out then firstly they will cautiously utter one or two phrases about the weather and only after will present the question they crave to ask. Also, they consider it unbearably awkward to stand with ‘puffed out cheeks’ at the bus stop in the company of two or three people. And… they start to twitter about the weather.

The other reason again leaks from my observations — they tried to avoid gossip. They don’t like over-the-fence talk. Praise to you English! Likewise they don’t like to give advice and take upon themselves the heaviness and responsibility of other people’s problems. In Russia, you just murmur your problem and you receive 33 happy answers and assurance that there are no unsolvable problems.
Ответ:

И так далее - and so on

Кроме того - besides

Завязать разговор - start a conversation

Никто не имеет дел с незнакомцами - nobody has any dealings with strangers

Избегать сплетен - avoid gossip

Давать советы и взваливать на себя груз чужих проблем - give advice and take upon themselves the heaviness of other people’s problems.

Личный опыт - personal experience

Действуйте по ситуации - be spontaneous

Это сработало - it helped

Сводить на нет - to bring to nothing

Не имеет значения - does not play role

Я пришла к выводу - I came to the conclusion

Невыносимо неловко - unbearably awkward

Задание 7. (максимальное количество баллов – 4 балла)

Составьте письменное высказывание на тему «Лондон-столица Великобритании» на английском языке. Высказывание должно содержать не менее 10-15 предложений.
Ответ:

London is the capital of the United Kingdom, its economic, political and cultural center. It is one of the world's most important ports and one of the largest cities in the world. London with its suburbs has a population of about 11 million people.

London has been a capital for nearly a thousand years. Many of its ancient buildings still stand. The most famous of them are the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey and St. Paul's Cathedral. Most visitors also want to see the Houses of Parliament and the many magnificent museums.

Once London was a small Roman town of the north bank of the Thames. Slowly it grew into one of the world's major cities.

Different areas of London seem like different cities. The West End is a rich man's world of shops, offices and theatres. The City of London is the district where most offices and banks are concentrated; the Royal Exchange and the Bank of England are here, too. The East End is a district where mostly working people live. The old port area is now called "Docklands". There are now new office buildings in Docklands, and thousands of new flats and houses.

By the day the whole of London is busy. At night, offices are quiet and empty, but the West End stays alive, because this is where Londoners come to enjoy themselves. There are two opera houses here, several concert halls and many theatres, as well as cinemas. In nearby Soho the pubs and restaurants and nightclubs are busy half the night

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