МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования

«Тольяттинский государственный университет»
Тольяттинский государственный университет

(наименование института полностью)

Институт химии и энергетики

(Наименование учебного структурного подразделения)

13.03.02

(код и наименование направления подготовки / специальности)

Энергетика и электротехника

(направленность (профиль) / специализация)

Практическое задание №_1__
по учебному курсу « Иностранный язык »

^{(наименование учебного курса)}
Вариант ____ (при наличии)

Обучающегося	Казаков Д.В.
	(И.О. Фамилия)
Группа	ЭЭТб-2201а
Преподаватель	Михайлина О.Н.
	(И.О. Фамилия)

Part A. Grammar focus

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Present Simple and Present Continuous

Present Simple is used:	Present Continuous is used:
for permanent situations. She works in an office.	for temporary situations. He's staying with some friends at the moment.
for repeated actions in the present, especially with adverbs of frequency. He often buys her flowers.	for actions happening at or around the time of speaking. He's looking for a new job at the moment.
for facts which are permanently true. The sun sets in the west.	with always to express annoyance or criticism. He's always telling lies!
for timetables or programmes. The lesson starts at 10 o'clock.	for fixed arrangements in the near future. I'm flying to London tomorrow. (It's all arranged. I've already bought the tickets. The time of the action is always stated or understood.)
Time expressions used with Present Simple:	Time expressions used with Present Continuous:
usually, always, never, often, sometimes, every day/week/month/year etc.	now, at the moment, at present, always, tonight etc.
Adverbs of frequency (often, always, usually, sometimes etc.) are placed before main verbs but after auxiliary / modal verbs (be, nave, can, will, must, shall etc.). He often goes to the theatre. He is never late.	Some verbs appear rarely in continuous tenses. They express a permanent state: appear (=seem), be, believe, belong, cost, feel, forget, hate, have (=possess), know, like, love, mean, prefer, realize, remember, see, smell, seem, sound, suppose, taste, think, understand, want etc. I understand (NOT am understanding)it now.

Exercise 1. Choose a verb from the list and complete the text and put the verbs into Present Continuous.

read, sleep, eat, sail, cry, drink, run, sing, play, fish, sit

Laura 1) is sitting under a sunshade. Two boys 2) __are running_____ round a sandcastle while their father 3) __is reading_____ a newspaper. Tom 4) ___is drining____ Coke. Two girls 5) ___Are eating____ ice-cream while their mother 6) __Is singing_____ along with the radio. Some boys 7) ____are playing___ football near a man who 8) ___Is sleeping____. Jim 9) ___Is sailing____ On his right a baby 10) ____Is crying___ Some people 11) ___Are fishing____ past the beach.

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple or Present Continuous.

Chris is asking Kim about her holiday arrangements.

1. 
   Where are you going? (go)
   
2. 
   How ___did____ you ___get____ there? (get)
   
3. 
   What time ____does___ the plane ___leave____? (leave)
   
4. 
   When ___does____ it ___arrive____ in Cairo? (arrive)
   
5. 
   Where ___did____ you ___stay____ when you get there? (stay)
   
6. 
   Why ___did____ you ___want____ to go there? (want)
   
7. 
   ___did____ you ___take____ a camera with you? (take)
   

Exercise 3. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple or Present Continuous.

It 1) is (be) winter and the snow 2) ___is falling____ (fall). It usually 3) __snows_____ (snow) in January here. Betty and James 4) ___are playing____ (play) in the garden. They 5) ___are building____ (build) a snowman and they 6) ___are throwing____ (throw) snowballs. They 7) __like_____ (like) the snow very much! Their mother and father 8) ___dont like____ (not/like) it. They always 9) ___stay____ (stay) in the house when it is cold. Mother usually 10) ___watches____ (watch) TV and Father 11) ___listens____ (listen) to the radio or 12) ___reads____ (read) a book. At the moment they 13) ___are sitting____ (sit) in the living-room. Mother 14) ____is writing___ (write) a letter and Father 15) ___is reading____ (read) a book.

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Exercise 4. Fill in with Present Simple or Continuous.

Sue: What 1) are you doing (you/do) now?

Mark: I 2) ___am looking____ (look) through these old film magazines. Look, here's an old picture of Jack Nicholson.

Sue: Oh, I 3) ____think___ (think) he 4) ___looks____ (look) awful! And his suit 5) ____doesent___ (not/fit) him properly.

Mark: Yes, I 6) ____agree___ (agree). And he 7) __appears_____ (appear) to be really angry. I wonder what he 8) ____is thining___ (think) about.

Sue: He 9) __is_____ (be) in that new film that's on at the Odeon now, isn't he?

Mark : Yes, I saw it last night. He 10) ___looks____ (look) very different now. He 11) ____weighs___ (weigh) a lot more.

Sue: I 12) ____hope___ (hope) it's a good film. I 13) ___am seeing____ (see) it tonight. Stuart 14) ____is taing___ (take) me. Actually, he 15) ___is____ (be) very nice to me these days.

Mark : He probably 16) __wants_____ (want) to borrow some money.

Sue: I 17) ___see____ (see). That explains it.
Past Simple and Present Perfect

Past Simple: verb + ed	Present Perfect: have + past participle
Past Simple is used:	Present Perfect is used:
for actions which happened at a stated time in the past. He sold his car two weeks ago. (When? Two weeks ago.)	for actions which happened at an unstated time in the past. He has sold his car. (When? We don't know.)
to express a past state or habit. When she was young she lived in a small flat.	to express actions which have finished so recently that there's evidence in the present. He has just painted the room. (The paint is wet.)
for past actions which happened one after the other. She put on her coat, took her bag and left the house.	for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present. She has lived in this house for two years. (She still lives in this house.) BUT: He lived in Australia for one year. (He doesn't live in Australia now.)
for a past action whose time is not mentioned and it is not connected with the present. I saw Elvis Presley. (I won't see him again; he's dead. – period of time now finished)	for a past action whose time is not mentioned but it is connected with the present. I've met Madonna. (I may meet her again; she's still alive. – period of time not finished yet)
Time adverbs and expressions used with Past Simple:	Time adverbs and expressions used with Present Perfect:
yesterday, last week/month/year/ Monday etc, ago, how long ago, just now, then, when, in 1980 etc.	just, ever, never, always, already, yet, for, since, so far, how long, recently, today, this week/month/year, once, several times etc.
Special points for Past Simple and Present Perfect:
Since is used to express a starting point. For is used to express a period of time. Yet is used in questions and negations. Already is used in statements and questions. Just + Present Perfect Just now+ Past Simple	I've known Ann since October. I've known Ann for two months. Have you met him yet? I haven't met him yet. I've already posted the letters. I've just called the doctor. He left just now.

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Exercise 5. Fill in Present Simple or Present Perfect.

I 1) ’ve known (know) Timmy for a long time. We always 2) ____play___ (play) together. Timmy 3) ___cant____ (not/can) read or write because he 4) _____never__ (never/be) to school. He 5) ___has____ (have) long brown hair since he was born. Не 6) ___lives____ (live) in our house for five years. My parents 7) __take_____ (take) care of him while I 8 ___am____ (be) at school. Timmy 9) ___does____ (not/work); actually he 10) ___does____ (never/have) a job. This 11) ___is not____ (not/be) strange because Timmy 12) __does_____ (be) my dog.

Exercise 6. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Perfect or Past Simple.

Mr Briggs is away on business and he is phoning his wife to see how she is.

Mr Briggs: Hello, darling. How are you? Is everything okay?

Mrs Briggs: I'm fine. I 1) ’ve been (be) very busy since you 2) __left_____ (leave).

Mr Briggs: What 3) ____are you doing___ (you/do) so far?

Mrs Briggs: I 4) ___did____ (do) the painting, I 5) ___fixed____ (mend) the bookshelf and I 6) ___build____ (build) a cupboard. I 7) ___got____ (have) my hair cut and I 8) ___went____ (go) to the dentist's. Oh, and yesterday I 9) ____talked___ (speak) to a builder about the garage.

Mr Briggs: A builder? The garage? What 10) ___happened____ (happen) to the garage?

Mrs Briggs: Well, the garage wall 11) ____fell___ (fall down) two days ago.

Mr Briggs: WHAT?????

Mrs Briggs: I… I 12) ___not done____ (not/finish) yet. We, well, the neighbour 13) ___had____ (have) a little accident. He 14) ____drove___ (drive) into the garage wall.

Mr Briggs: Oh no! He 15) __didnt crash_____ (not/crash) into my new car, did he?

Mrs Briggs: No! Your car 16) ____is___ (be) fine. Don't worry!

Exercise 7. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Perfect or Past Simple.

Tina: What 1) ___are you doing____ (you/do) last weekend?

Jane: 2) ___spend____ (spend) the weekend in Bristol and I 3) _come back______.(just/return).

Tina: 4) ___Ive never been____ (never/be) to Bristol. What's it like?

Jane: Friends of mine 5) ___living____ (live) there for five years so they know some interesting, fun places.

Tina: 6) ___did____ you/enjoy) yourself?

Jane: Yes. It 7) __was_____ (be) great! I 8) __not have_____ (not/have) such a good time for ages.

Tina: That's good. 9) __you decided_____ (you/decide) what you're doing this weekend?

Jane: 10) ___has already invited____ (already/invite) my friends from Bristol to stay with me for the weekend.

Exercise 8. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the past simple.

John: I don't know where to go on holiday this year. Have you got any ideas?

Darren: 1) __have you been_____ (you/ever/be) to Spain? I 2) ____went___ (go) to Madrid and Barcelona last year and I really 3) ___enjoyed____ (enjoy) myself.

John: I 4) ___spend____ (spend)two years in Spain while 5) ___I was____ (be) at University. 6) ___But Ive never____ (never/visit) South America, though.

Darren: A friend of mine 7) ___used to work____ (work) in Brazil before. I think you 8) ____saw___ (meet) her once. Do you remember Kate?

John: Oh, yes. She 8) ____loves___ (love) it in Brazil. Maybe I'll talk to her about it.
The Passive

The passive is formed with the appropriate tense of the verb to be + past participle
	Active Voice		Passive Voice
Present Simple	He delivers letters.		Letters are delivered.
Past Simple	He delivered the letters.		The letters were delivered.
Present Perfect	He has delivered the letters.		The letters have been delivered.
Future Simple	He will deliver the letters.		The letters will be delivered.
Past Perfect	He had delivered the letters.		The letters had been delivered.
Present Continuous	He is delivering the letters.		The letters are being delivered.
Past Continuous	He was delivering the letters.		The letters were being delivered.
Infinitive	He has to deliver the letters.		The letters have to be delivered.
Modals (modal + be + past participle)	He may deliver the letters. Hemust deliver the letters.		The letters may be delivered. The letters must be delivered.
The Passive is used:
when the agent (= the person who does the action) is unknown, unimportant or obvious from fie context. Jane was shot. (We don't know who shot her.) This church was built in 1815. (unimportant agent) He has been arrested. (obviously by the police)		when the action is more important than the agent, as in processes, instructions, events, reports, headlines, news items, and advertisements. 30 people were killed in the earthquake.
to make more polite or formal statements. The car hasn't been cleaned. (more polite) You haven’t cleaned the car. (less polite)		to put emphasis on the agent. The new library will be opened by the Queen.

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Changing from Active into Passive.

The object of the active verb becomes the subject in the new sentence.

e.g. Picasso painted that picture.

The active verb changes into a passive form and the subject of the active verb becomes the agent. The agent is introduced with by or it is omitted.

e.g. That picture was painted by Picasso.

After modal verbs (will, can, must, have to, should, may, ought to) we use be + past participle.

e.g. You can use the machine for cutting bread.

e.g. The machine can be used for cutting bread.

With verbs taking two objects it is more usual to begin the passive sentence with the person.

e.g. I sent her some roses.

e.g. She was sent some roses. (more usual) or Some roses were sent to her. (less usual)

We put the agent (= the person who does the action) into the passive sentence only if it adds information. When the agent is unknown, unimportant or obvious it is omitted. Agents such as people (in general), they, somebody etc. are omitted.

e.g. Bell invented the telephone.

e.g. The telephone was invented by Bell. (The agent is not omitted because it adds information.)

e.g. Somebody murdered him.

e.g. He was murdered (by somebody). (unknown agent is omitted.)

e.g. The police arrested him.

e.g. He was arrested (by the police). (obvious agent is omitted.)
Exercise 9. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple Passive.

There is a chimpanzee which 1) is called (call) "Bubbles". It 2) __property_____ (own) by Michael Johnson. It 3) ____keeper___ (keep) in home. It 4) ___feeding____ (feed) every day by Michael Johnson himself. It 5) ____dresses___ (always/dress) in funny clothes. It 6) ___will____ (say) that "Bubbles" is Michael Johnson's only friend.

Exercise 10. Turn from Active into Passive.

1. Someone has broken the crystal vase. The crystal vase is broken.

2. His parents have brought him up to be polite. His parents have brought him up to be polite.

3. Fleming discovered penicillin. Penicillin was discovered by Fleming.

4. They will advertise the product on television. The product will be advertised on television.

5. Someone is remaking that film. This movie will be remade.

Exercise 11. Turn from Active into Passive.

1. You must leave the bathroom tidy. the bathroom should be neat

2. You should water this plant daily. his plant should be watered every day

3. Our neighbour ought to paint the garage. the garage must be painted by a neighbor

4. I have to return these books to the library. these books must be in the library

Exercise 12. Turn from Active into Passive as in the example :

1. 
   He gave me a present.
   

e.g. I was given a present. (more usual) / A present was given to me. (less usual)

2. The waiter will bring us the bill. The waiter brought us the bill

3. Bob has sold Ted a second-hand car. Tel bought a used car

4. The Queen presented him with a medal. He was awarded a medal

5. Larry is going to send a letter to Tom. Larry send a letter to Tom

6. Her mother bought Mary some sweets. Mary bought some sweets

Exercise 13. Turn from Active into Passive.

1. My friend sent me an invitation. e.g. I was sentan invitation.

2. The cleaner is going to mop the kitchen floor. The cleaner washes the kitchen floor

3. The farmer is building a new barn. A farmer builds a barn

4. The secretary has given Mrs Jones some letters. Mrs. Jones received several letters

5. The traffic warden had already given him a ticket for illegal parking. The inspector issued him a fine

6. People must obey the law. People must obey the law

7. Someone had broken our door down.

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