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A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a sudden illness. A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with many beds for intensive care and additional beds for patients who need long-term care. Specialized hospitals include trauma centers, rehabilitation hospitals, children's hospitals, seniors' (geriatric) hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as psychiatric treatment (see psychiatric hospital) and certain disease categories. Specialized hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals. Hospitals are classified as general, specialty, or government depending on the sources of income received.
A teaching hospital combines assistance to people with teaching to medical students and nurses. A medical facility smaller than a hospital is generally called a clinic. Hospitals have a range of departments (e.g. surgery and urgent care) and specialist units such as cardiology. Some hospitals have outpatient departments and some have chronic treatment units. Common support units include a pharmacy, pathology, and radiology.
Hospitals are usually funded by public funding, health organisations (for profit or nonprofit), health insurance companies, or charities, including direct charitable donations. Historically, hospitals were often founded and funded by religious orders, or by charitable individuals and leaders.
Currently, hospitals are largely staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, nurses, and allied health practitioners, whereas in the past, this work was usually performed by the members of founding religious orders or by volunteers. However, there are various Catholic religious orders, that still focus on hospital ministry in the late 1990s, as well as several other Christian denominations, including the Methodists and Lutherans, which run hospitals. In accordance with the original meaning of the word, hospitals were originally "places of hospitality", and this meaning is still preserved in the names of some institutions such as the Royal Hospital Chelsea, established in 1681 as a retirement and nursing home for veteran soldiers. Some patients go to a hospital just for diagnosis, treatment, or therapy and then leave ("outpatients") without staying overnight; while others are "admitted" and stay overnight or for several days or weeks or months ("inpatients"). Hospitals usually are distinguished from other types of medical facilities by their ability to admit and care for inpatients whilst the others, which are smaller, are often described as clinics.
A hospital contains one or more wards that house hospital beds for inpatients. It may also have acute services such as an emergency department, operating theatre, and intensive care unit, as well as a range of medical specialty departments. A well-equipped hospital may be classified as a trauma center. They may also have other services such a hospital pharmacy, radiology, pathology and medical laboratories. Some hospitals have outpatient departments such as behavioral health services, dentistry, and rehabilitation services.
A hospital may also have a department of nursing, headed by a chief nursing officer or director of nursing
. This department is responsible for the administration of professional nursing practice, research, and policy for the hospital.
Many units have both a nursing and a medical director that serve as administrators for their respective disciplines within that unit. For example, within an intensive care nursery, a medical director is responsible for physicians and medical care, while the nursing manager is responsible for all of the nurses and nursing care.
Support units may include a medical records department, release of information department, technical support, clinical engineering, facilities management, plant operations, dining services, and security departments.
True or false
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Hospitals are classified in 3 types. -
Historically hospitals were funded by charitable organizations. -
Inpatients and outpatients stay overnight in wards. -
In accordance with the original meaning of the word, hospitals were originally "places of hospitality". -
A medical records department serves as a support unit. -
A general hospital is intended to treat one category of diseases. -
In the past hospitals were founded by churches. -
Acute services are provided by emergency departments and medical laboratories.
Ex. 2 Fill in the gaps with proper words from the text.
1.There are five patients in … N 10.
2.After the operation he was left in an … … unit.
3. Various analyses and tests are conducted in medical … of the hospital.
4. This hospital provides … … for patients with heart disorders.
5. First you need to take your case history in the medical … … .
6. Operations are performed by experienced … .
7. Patients with mental disorders should undergo … in a mental … .
8. Please consult your … before taking these pills.
9. The official … age in Russia is 65 for men and 63 for women.
10.Our healthcare … are … with all required medical equipment.
11.Injured people in a car accident should be taken to an … …. immediately.
12.The … gave him an injection to relieve the pain in the leg.
13.They are waiting for the doctor’s … .
14.You need to take out … … when you go abroad.
15.He was … to a local hospital after a car crash.
Ex. 3 Put the phrases below in the appropriate sentences.
1. The building also should be built to accommodate heavy departments such as radiology and … .
2. The … -based system has been described as very efficient, especially for the medical staff.
3. Legislation requires hospitals to provide care to … in life-threatening emergency situations regardless of the patient's ability to pay.
4. A … … is a laboratory where tests are done on biological specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient.
5. Medical nursing homes, including residential treatment centers and geriatric care facilities, are … which have accommodation facilities and which engage in providing short-term or long-term medical … of a general or specialized nature.
6. Hospitals are nowadays staffed by professionally trained doctors, nurses, paramedical clinicians, etc., whereas historically, this work was usually done by the founding religious orders or by … .
7. The information contained in the … … allows health care providers to determine the patient's … … and provide informed care.
8. In the United States, the Department of Labor description of a … is "a … who treats diseases, injuries, and deformities by invasive, minimally-invasive, or non-invasive surgical methods, such as using instruments, appliances, or by manual manipulation".
хирург, история болезни, медицинская лаборатория, палата, операционные, пациенты, медицинские учреждения, лечение, добровольцы, медицинская карта, врач.
Ex. 4 Translate the sentences:
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Это отделение возглавляет главный врач. -
В нашей больнице есть амбулаторное отделение. -
Вам нужно сдать анализы крови и мочи в нашей лаборатории. -
Иногда больницы не укомплектованы медицинским персоналом полностью. -
Вы уже получили диагноз? Нет еще. -
Аптека напротив моего дома. -
Учреждения здравоохранения обычно финансируются из бюджета. -
Многопрофильная больница самый распространенный тип больницы. -
Различные операции проводятся в операционной. -
Вас когда-нибудь лечили в больнице? –Да. Два раза. -
Мы благодарны вам за ваше гостеприимство. -
Когда люди уходят на пенсию в вашей стране?