Файл: Н.Н. Курпешко Английский язык Методические указания для обучения студентов II курса (III семестр) специальности 180400.pdf

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

КУЗБАССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ КАФЕДРА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ ГОРНО-СТРОИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОФИЛЯ

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Методические указания

для обучения студентов II курса (III семестр) специальности 180400 “Электропривод и автоматика промышленных установок и технологических комплексов”

Составители Н.Н. Курпешко Т.К. Румас А.Л. Ефимова И.Б. Шестакова Е.В. Пешкова

Утверждены на заседании кафедры Протокол № 8 от 27.06.02 Рекомендованы к печати методической комиссией направления 550200 Протокол № 9 от 28.06.02

Электронная копия находится в библиотеке главного корпуса ГУ КузГТУ

Кемерово 2002

1

Предисловие

Данные указания предназначены для студентов II курса (III семестр) специальности 180400 “Электропривод и автоматика промышленных установок и технологических комплексов”.

Они включают тексты по электротехнике, электронике, автоматизации. Работу по предлагаемому пособию рекомендуется начинать после того, как пройдены основные разделы грамматики и отработаны определенные речевые модели английского языка.

Цель методических указаний - развить у студентов навыки работы с текстами по специальности, в том числе обучить аннотированию и реферированию, выделять главную мысль текста при разных видах чтения, переводить письменно со словарем, а также научить студентов составлять небольшие доклады на заданную тему на основе прочитанных текстов и выступать с ними на импровизированной конференции. Кроме того, пособие предусматривает развитие умений и навыков аудирования и ведения беседы по специальности.

Тексты заимствованы из аутентичной литературы, журналов.

2

UNIT I

ENGINEERING AS A PROFESSION

I. Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Electrical and electronics engineering is the largest and most diverse field of engineering. It is concerned with the development and design, application, and manufacture of systems and devices that use electric power and signals. Among the most important subjects in the field are electric power and machinery, electronic circuits, control systems, computer design, superconductors, solid-state electronics, medical imaging systems, robotics, lasers, radar, consumer electronics, and fibre optics.

Despite its diversity, electrical engineering can be divided into four main branches: electric power and machinery, electronics, communications and control, and computers.

II. Electric Power and Machinery

The field of electric power is concerned with the design and operation of systems for generating, transmitting, and distributing electric power. Engineers in this field have brought about several important developments since the late 1970s. One of these is the ability to transmit power at extremely high voltages in both the direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) modes, reducing power losses proportionately. Another is the real-time control of power generation, transmission, and distribution, using computers to analyse the data fed back from the power system to a central station and thereby optimizing the efficiency of the system while it is in operation.

A significant advance in the engineering of electric machinery has been the introduction of electronic controls that enable AC motors to run at variable speeds by adjusting the frequency of the current fed into them. DC motors have also been made to run more efficiently this way.

III. Electronics

Electronic engineering deals with the research, design, integration, and application of circuits and devices used in the transmission and processing of information. Information is now generated, transmitted, received, and stored electronically on a scale unprecedented in history, and there is every indication that the explosive rate of growth in this field will continue unabated.

3

Electronic engineers design circuits to perform specific tasks, such as amplifying electronic signals, adding binary numbers, and demodulating radio signals to recover the information they carry. Circuits are also used to generate waveforms useful for synchronization and timing, as in television, and for correcting errors in digital information, as in telecommunications.

Prior to the 1960s, circuits consisted of separate electronic devices - resistors, capacitors, inductors, and vacuum tubes - assembled on a chassis and connected by wires to form a bulky package. The electronics revolution of the 1970s and 1980s set the trend towards integrating electronic devices on a single tiny chip of silicon or some other semiconductive material. The complex task of manufacturing these chips uses the most advanced technology, including computers, electron-beam lithography, micromanipulators, ion-beam implantation, and ultraclean environments. Much of the research in electronics is directed towards creating even smaller chips, faster switching of components, and three-dimensional integrated circuits.

IV. Communications and Control

Engineers work on control systems ranging from the everyday, passenger-actuated, such as those that run a lift, to the exotic, such as systems for keeping spacecraft on course. Control systems are used extensively in aircraft and ships, in military fire-control systems, in power transmission and distribution, in automated manufacturing, and in robotics.

V. Computers

Computer engineering is now the most rapidly growing field. The electronics of computers involve engineers in design and manufacture of memory systems, of central processing units, and of peripheral devices. The field of computer science is closely related to computer engineering; however, the task of making computers more «intelligent» (artificial intelligence), through creation of sophisticated programs or development of higher level machine languages or other means, is generally regarded as the aim of computer science.

One current trend in computer engineering is micro-miniaturization. Engineers try to place greater and greater numbers of circuit elements onto smaller and smaller chips. Another trend is towards increasing the speed of computer operations through the use of parallel processors and superconducting materials.

VI. Mechanical Engineering

Engineers in this field design, test, build, and operate machinery of all types; they also work on a variety of manufactured goods and certain kinds

4

of structures. The field is divided into (1) machinery, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics, and pneumatics; and (2) heat as applied to engines, work and energy, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. The mechanical engineer, therefore, must be trained in mechanics, hydraulics, and thermodynamics and must know such subjects as metallurgy and machine design. Some mechanical engineers specialise in particular types of machines such as pumps or steam turbines. A mechanical engineer designs not only the machines that make products but the products themselves, and must design for both economy and efficiency. A typical example of modern mechanical engineering is the design of a car or an agricultural machine.

VII. Safety Engineering

This field of engineering has as its object the prevention of accidents. In recent years safety engineering has become a speciality adopted by individuals trained in other branches of engineering. Safety engineers develop methods and procedures to safeguard workers in hazardous occupations. They also assist in designing machinery, factories, ships and roads, suggesting alterations and improvements to reduce the possibility of accident.

In the design of machinery, for example, the safety engineer try to cover all moving parts or keep them from accidental contact with the operator, to put cutoff switches within reach of the operator and to eliminate dangerous sharp parts. In designing roads the safety engineer seeks to avoid such hazards as sharp turns and blind intersections that lead to traffic accidents.

VIII. My future profession

I study at the Kuzbass State Technical University at electrical mining engineering. After graduation from the University I will receive the diploma of the electro mechanic engineer. My speciality is the electric drive and plants and technological complexes automation. It is a very interesting speciality and a very difficult one. But the graduates of this speciality work in scientific institutes, design bureau, and also in all branches of industry. In my future profession I will deal with electrical and electronics engineering. It is the largest and most diverse field of engineering. Electrical engineering can be divided into four main branches: electric power and machinery, electronics, communication and control, and computers. The field of electric power is concerned with the design and operation of systems for generating, transmitting, and distributing electric power. Electronic engineering deals with the research, design, integration and application of circuits and devices used in the transmission and processing of information. Circuits are used to

5

perform specific tasks, such as amplifying electronic signals, adding binary numbers, demodulation radio signals, and also to generate waveforms useful for synchronization and correcting errors in digital information. Control systems are used in aircraft and ships, in military fire-control systems, in power transmission and distribution, in automated manufacturing, and in robotics. The electronics of computes involve engineers in design and manufacture of memory systems, of central processing units, and the peripheral devices. The aim of computer science is making computers more "intelligent", through creation of sophisticated programs or development of higher level machine languages. Current trends in computer engineering are microminiaturization and increasing the speed of computer operations. The introduction of the automated systems pursues the following purposes: increase of productivity, economy of the electric power, increase of reliability and service life of the equipment. I think my future profession is very important and useful. I want to receive a diploma of the engineer. That's why I've chosen it.

I.Recognize the international words:

electrical, electronics, engineer, system, signal, computer, medical, robotics, laser, radar, optics, voltage, proportionately, analyse, central station, optimize, efficiency, motor, chip, technology, component, ventilation.

II.Study the following words and word-combinations:

7

III.Read and translate Text I aloud sentence by sentence.

IV. Answer the questions on Text I

1.What is the largest and most diverse field of engineering?

2.What is it concerned with?

3.What are the most important subjects in this field?

4.Into what main branches can electrical engineering be divided? V. Read and translate Text II independently.

VI. Put questions to Text II about (in writing):

1.electric power field of study;

2.important developments in this field;

3.a significant advance in this field.

VII. Ask your partner to answer these questions.

One of students is an expert.

VIII. Read and translate Text III in microgroups.

IX. Write out the main points of each paragraph. Whose work is the shortest and most exact?

X.Skim Text IV for a minute and answer the questions: Where are control system used?

XI. Find the answers to the following questions in Text V.

1.What do electronics of computers involve engineers in?

2.What is regarded as the aim of computer science?

3.What are current trends in computer engineering?

XII. Skim Text VI-VII. What important information did you gain? Express it in English or in Russian. Is this information somehow concerned with your future profession?

8

XIII. Dramatize the dialogues:

I

1.Я слышал, ты учишься в КузГТУ?

2.Ты не ошибся. Я избрал очень важную и современную специальность.

1.Какова же твоя будущая профессия?

2.Инженер-электронщик.

1.Это действительно престижная специальность. Где ты будешь работать?

2.Инженер-электронщик может работать в научноисследовательских институтах, проектных бюро, и вообще, во всех отраслях промышленности.

II

1.Какая область техники самая большая и разнообразная?

2.Электротехника и электроника. Я как раз выбрал эту специальность.

1.А с чем она имеет дело?

2.С разработкой и проектированием, применением и производством систем и приборов, которые используют

электроэнергию и электронные сигналы.

1.Понятно. Имея такую профессию, ты сможешь работать во всех отраслях народного хозяйства.

III

1.Ты ведь работаешь в фирме по продаже компьютерной техники, не так ли?

2.Ты не ошибся. Я руководитель научно-исследовательских работ (research manager).

1.Насколько я знаю, ты должен разбираться в электронных схемах и приборах.

2.Конечно. Я же закончил ГЭМФ.

1.Я думаю, тебе было бы интересно работать в конструкторском бюро, проектировать системы памяти компьютеров, процессоры.

9

2.Но я и занимаюсь изучением архитектуры современных компьютеров, конечной аппаратуры, высокоуровневых компьютерных языков.

IV

1.Электротехника и электроника такая разнообразная область техники. Интересно, какая у нас будет специализация?

2.Но электротехника делится на 4 основные отрасли: энергетика и машиностроение, электроника, связь и

управление, компьютеры. Ты можешь выбирать.

1.Что касается меня, я бы хотел все знать. Но больше всего меня привлекает система управления и электронные схемы. А тебя?

2.Я еще не решил. Может быть, займусь потребительской электроникой, компьютерами.

V

1.Какие предметы изучает электротехника?

2.В этой области наиболее важные предметыэнергетика и машиностроение, электронные схемы, системы контроля, конструкция компьютеров, сверхпроводники, электроника

твердого тела, робототехника, лазеры…

1.Такие разнообразные предметы! Мой отец работает в области управления производством, передачи и распространения энергии с использованием компьютеров. Думаю, что я последую за ним.

VI

1.Мы с тобой выбрали замечательную профессию. Электроника имеет дело с исследованием, конструированием, внедрением и применением схем и приборов, используемых в передаче и обработке информации.

2.Ты прав. Инженер-электронщик конструирует схемы для выполнения специальных задач, таких как усиление