Файл: Н.Н. Курпешко Моя будущая профессия.pdf

technologies.

-understanding the concepts of team-work, problem-solving and continuous improvement and learning;

-good communication skills.

The training policies and recruitment strategies require financial and human resources for their implementation and therefore mining companies should be prepared to invest and also seek external support (e.g. university collaboration, government funding) in order to initiate and facilitate the education and training of their employees in new mining technologies.

UNIT II

MINING FACULTY

1. Прочитайте текст и найдите информацию о вашей будущей профессии.

The responsibilities of a mining engineer are as follows: the mining engineer applies engineering principles to develop mines and extract metal ores, coal and other minerals from the earth. After mineral deposits have been discovered, the mining engineer locates and determines their formations and method of mining. He is also to estimate the commercial possibilities of a future mine or quarry. He plans the location of the workings and supervises the installation of the equipment. Inside the mine, he is responsible for surveying, drilling and for safety. He sees to the use of machinery to dug, carry, and hoist the ores and minerals from the mine. And usually he directs or manages the mine.

Safety engineering has as its object the prevention of accidents. Specialists working in this field of engineering develop methods and procedures to safeguard workers in hazardous situations. They also assist in designing machinery and improvements to reduce the possibilities of accidents. Besides, they have direct responsibility for regular and continuous inspection of mines, people, and equipment. Their job may also include scheduling and supervising training programs on safety equipment and practices.

Surface operations, although being effective and cheap in comparison with underground mining, cause many environmental problems. Environmental engineers are engaged both in the efficiency of mining and environmental protection.

10

Coal preparation also needs much attention from the point of view of ecology. So, all the variety of mining professionals engaged in this field of industry must improve technological processes and environmental protection capabilities of miming enterprises.

II. Прочитайте и воспроизведите диалоги.

2.1

A.It’s your first day at the Kuzbas State Technical University, isn’t it?

B.You are quite right. I’m a fresher.

A. Are you a student at the mining faculty? B. Exactly.

A. And what’s your subject, by the way? B. I am going to study underground mining.

A. Why have you chosen this profession, I wonder ?

B. The fact is that I come from a family of several generations of miners. My father worked underground as a collier for the best part of 30 years.

A.I see. But do you think the importance of coal will continue to increase ?

B.Sure. Coal reserves are the world’s most significant fossil fuel resource. Currently, coal provides some 37 % of all the world’s electricity; and without electricity there cannot be economic development.

A.I’d like to ask one more question. Is it difficult to obtain the manpower for coal mines ?

B.You see, the demand for high class underground equipment is increasing steadily. Thus, mining becomes a more attractive proposition for workers in view of the growth in mechanization underground.

2.2

A.I suppose you know that I study at the Kuzbas State technical University.

B.No wonder. You were always a technically-minded boy. And what faculty are you in ?

11

A.Mining, of course. As you know, I come from a family of several generations of miners.

B.I see. What’s your subject?

A.My subject is surface mining. The fact is that my father worked at the Krasnogorsky open pit mine near Novokuznetsk. It is a typical surface operation in the Kuznetsk basin.

B.I know that surface mining is more economic than underground mining. Am I right ?

A.You are quite right. Surface mining is the least expensive and most productive method of taking coal from the ground.

B.But surface operations can cause serious environmental problems.

Is it really so ?

A.At present much attention is paid to the reclaiming of the mined land.

B.And what does it mean ?

A.It means that once the coal is removed, the area is reclaimed, i.e. it is restored as nearly as possible to its original contour. Vegetation is planted to anchor the soil and return the land to a natural, productive state.

2.3

A.I say, Ann, as far as I know you study to be a preparation engineer, don’t you ?

B.That’s right.

A.Why have you chosen this speciality?

B.My parents work at a preparation plant. So I keep my family

tradition.

A.Can you say a few words about your department?

B.With pleasure. Mineral processing is one of seven departments at

the mining faculty. It was established in 1958.

A.And what is the work of a preparation engineer, I wonder?

B.The role of engineering personnel at a preparation plant is great. The main problem is undoubtedly, the supervision of the technological regime. Secondly, the engineer should provide the

maintenance and repair of the machines. Besides much attention should be paid to environmental protection.

A. I see. But why is coal preparation so important?

12

B.The fact is that raw run-of-mine coal contains unwanted impurities. And coal consumers require coal of a consistent quality.

A.You mentioned the problem of environmental protection. How is coal preparation connected with it ?

B.It’s the question of technology. Effective coal preparation improves the utilization efficiency and reduces the emissions of oxides of sulphur. Besides, it reduces transport costs.

2.4

A.Would you tell me a few words about yourself?

B.I’m a student. My subject is mine surveying.

A.Oh! You are from the Kuzbas State Technical University, aren’t you?

B.I am. My department is the oldest at the University. It was founded in 1900 at the Tomsk Polytechnic. In 1962 it moved to Kemerovo.

A.So it is the oldest mine surveying department in Siberia and probably in Russia.

B.Right you are.

A.Tell me, please, what surveying is?

B.Modern mine surveying is a branch of mining science and technology. It is the art of measuring and locating lines and

angles. Mine surveys are made for different purposes.

A.So, it is somewhat like geodesy, I suppose?

B.Well, not just so. A geodesist works on the surface. It is mainly the sphere of application for those who practise in town land cadastre. Mine surveyors work mostly underground. I should say, however, our graduates can work in prospecting parties, they also

help to construct collieries, industrial enterprises, as well as railroads, bridges, tunnels…

A.Really? And what does the surveyor do? What are his duties?

B.Oh, there are plenty of them! The surveyor fulfils the survey of mining and geological conditions of the deposit. He corrects mining plans and makes correction between the underground workings and the surface. Dangerous conditions of work underground, for example, is also his concern. Calculation of the balance between the reserves and the mineral mined out is his duty.

13

A.I see. You have to do a great deal of calculations, plenty of documents, papers, drawings and what not! It’s awful, I should say.

B.I think not. Out work is very important though not an easy one.

B.Is it difficult to get education in your in your field ?

B.One must study for 5 years. Mine surveyor is to know mining sciences, such as geometry of the earth’s bowels, geology, etc. We study mathematics, mathematical statistics, methods of technical and topographical drawing, and so on.

A.All right. Now I see how important your work is.

III.Расскажите о своей специальности, используя информацию текстов и диалогов.

UNIT III

ELECTRICAL MINING ENGINEERING FACULTY

I. Прочитайте текст и найдите информацию о своей будущей профессии.

The Mining mechanical and electrical faculty of the Kuzbas State Technical University was established in 1952. It is almost as old as the University itself. The faculty trains design and power engineers, electrical and mechanical engineers. The sphere of application of design is connected with mining machinery. They design production equipment for both underground and surface mining. Safety, high productivity, reliability, simplicity of operation, low initial cost and low operating and maintenance costs are the desirable features of modern mining machines. Besides, mining design engineers are to develop environmentally-responsible equipment.

Electrification and automation of mining and industrial enterprises is another field of work for the graduates of the faculty. The practical advantages of automation over the manual control are evident. They are speed, precision, reliability and continuity of operation.

The subject of study for the future power engineers is thermal power engineering. It is a branch of thermal engineering dealing with the transformation of thermal energy into some other kinds of energy, mainly

14

electrical one. Thermal power stations generate both electric and heat power. Their consumers are industrial enterprises, mines, and municipal consumers, such as dwelling houses, hospitals, theatres, schools, etc.

As to electric power, coal use has become almost synonymous with the generation of electricity. And because we live in a coal-mining region, all the specialities of the mining electrical and mechanical faculty are of great importance for the Kuzbas.

II. Прочитайте и воспроизведите диалоги:

2.1

A.So, you are a student now. What are your impressions of the faculty and future profession, I wonder?

B.Everything is great! I’ve chosen one of the best specialities at the faculty. It’s thermal power engineering. Although it seems quite

difficult to study there.

A.Why so? You did well at school. I am sure you’ll be a success.

B.I hope so, too. But there is a lot of special subjects which are new for me. As is known, a proper understanding of electrical engineering is based on a good knowledge of physics and

mathematics.

A.You were always good at these subjects, I know.

B.Right you are. But at senior courses we’ll study industrial

electronics, computers, fundamentals of electrical engineering, electrical machines and so on.

A.I see . And will you have your practical training?

B.Sure. We’ll acquire the practical experience at thermal power stations.

A.Is it a power station that generates electric energy?

B.Yes, it is quite so. The more, thermal power stations generate not only electric power, but heat power, as well.

A.How have you come to know all this? You are a first-year student and you don’t study specialized subjects yet.

B.The fact is that my parents work at a thermal power station. So I keep my family tradition.

15

2.2

A.What is the department you study at?

B.I study at the Mining electrical and mechanical faculty. It is one of

the oldest faculties at the University.

A.I see. What will your future profession deal with?

B.The department I study at trains electrical and mechanical

engineers. And my subject is underground and opencast electrification and automation.

A.And what are the advantages of your future speciality?

B.The practical advantages of automation over the manual control are speed, precision and reliability.

A.What about safety? Is it also important in your work?

B.Sure. Mine safety is of primary importance here.

A.This field of engineering has as its object the prevention of accidents, isn’t it?

B.Quite so. When we deal with electricity and electrical equipment, we are to know perfectly well practical work with them and safety rules. All this one can acquire studying at the faculty. Especially it is automation that makes the work at deep and surface mines easier and safer.

2.3

A.You are a student of the Electrical mining engineering faculty, aren’t you?

B.You are right. I’m going to be a mining electrical engineer.

A.What is electrical engineering, I wonder ? And what will you do in future?

B.Engineers in this field design, test, build and operate mining machinery. The mechanical engineer must be trained in

mechanics, hydraulics, thermodynamics, and what not.

A.I see. And what are the duties of a mechanical engineer?

B.One of the primary duties is the selection of the best suited types of machinery to secure maximum production. The other one of no less importance is to supervise maintenance of mining machines

and equipment. The fact is that the machine performance to a large extent depends on proper maintenance.

A.Now I understand. The purpose of maintenance is effective operation with no or a minimum of interruptions.

B.You are absolutely right.

16

A.And what about electrical equipment? It is also your duty to work with it?

B.No. It is the sphere of work for electrical engineers. Electrical engineering is concerned with the development, design and

application of systems and devices that use electric power. Why are you interested in this field?

A.You see, I’m going to become a student of your faculty. And I’d like to know more about its specialities.

2.4

A.I know you are going to enter the Kuzbas State Technical University, aren’t you?

B.Yes, I am. I’m interested in mining machinery. As you know, my father is a design engineer.

A. So, you are a future mining design engineer, too. B. Right you are.

A. Do you know your future profession in detail?

B. I think I do. My duties will be numerous and important.

A. Can you tell me some words about them ? I’d like to know more in order to choose a profession for myself.

B. With pleasure. A design engineer is to design and operate mining machines and transport facilities. He also works out, plans and organizes the production, installation, testing, rational use and maintenance of mining machinery.

A.What about computers? Are they used in mining?

B.Sure, they are widely used in mining operations. Why?

A.The fact is that I’m not very good in this field.

B.I see. But besides computers you’ll have to study a great number of new and difficult subjects. The future design engineer is to study higher mathematics, physics, fundamentals of electrical engineering, strength of materials, applied mechanics, mining technology, etc.

A.Thank you. I’ll try to make my mind and hope to choose a good profession.

III.Расскажите о своей будущей специальности, используя информации текстов, диалогов и нижеприведенный вопросник.

1. What year student are you?

17

2.What is your subject (field)?

3.Why did you chose this profession?

4.Do you keep your family tradition?

5.Why is coal mining so important for the Kuzbas?

6.What industries are the main ones in the region?

7.What are the responsibilities of a mining engineer in different fields of mining?

8.At what faculties does the University train future mining engineers?

9.Where will you work after graduating from the University?

10.Do you consider yourself well-trained for the practical work?

UNIT IV

MINE BUILDING FACULTY

I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос, данный перед текстом.

1. Civil engineering is a broad professional field, isn’t it?

Civil engineering is a unique field that contributes technologically in more ways than any other engineering discipline to our modern society.

Nearly everything that surrounds us has been planned and designed by civil engineers, including residental and commercial single and multistoreyed buildings, urban renewal and development projects, transportation system-encompassing roads and highways, bridges, airports, and rapid transit system - water and waste - disposal systems, dams, hydroelectric and other types of electric power plants, harbors, off-chore facilities, coastal protection structures, and flood-and-pollution-control systems.

2. How did the term “civil engineer” appear?

The term “engineer” has long been applied in Italy, France and England to the builders of war machines and fortifications. Engineers who left the army and in civil life continued building activity called themselves “civil engineers”. The field of their activity is called “civil engineering”.

3. What fields of construction activity does civil engineering comprise?

Today the scope of civil engineering is very broad and is subdivided

into:

18

-structural engineering (all kinds of buildings),

-highway and railway engineering,

-hydraulic engineering (canals, dams, drainage and irrigation systems),

-municipal engineering (city planning, traffic regulation, water supply and sewerage).

4.What branches of knowledge does civil engineering embrace ? What are the duties of a civil engineer?

Civil engineering often teamsup with scientists and engineers in other discipline to control and improve our environment.

Besides physical, mathematical, life, earth, social, communications and engineering sciences, civil engineering projects involve many other professional areas, such as law, public health, economics, management, finance.

As for the duties of a civil engineer they are:

-to work out plans and specifications,

-to supervise the constriction projects,

-to ensure quality, efficiency, speed and low cost of construction,

-to consider the methods, equipment and materials to be used to construct a project.

5.Mind the difference between the words “building”, “construction” and “civil engineering”

The word “construction” is used in a general sense today to cover the erection and repair of all types of buildings, rods, bridges and other structures.

The word “building” is mainly concerned with domestic dwellings, including houses, schools, hospitals and office blocks, while “civil engineering” deals with their surrounding features like bridges, roads, harbours, water supply and hydro-electric schemes.

6. What do inadequate roads influence ?

The importance of good roads can not be overestimated. Inadequate road system influences greatly the cost of living and the prices of goods. It needs to be realized that poor roads are a brake upon the development of national productivity. There were many attempts to count the cost of poor roads and the fact is that the totals are astronomical.

The effective life of a vehicle is shortened. By bad road surfaces. Throughout every day large quantity of fuel and many man-hours are wasted in the traffic blocks because roads can’t carry all the traffic put on them.

19