Файл: Исаченко А.Г. Ландшафтоведение и физико-географическое районирование 1991.pdf

!"#"$%&!'()*+$

$

!"#$%"&'()*

+,$,#-,$

-*

&-.-/(*

)

0,(01"&-2,3/(,*1"4(#-1(+"#-,$

$

!"#$%&'"((
)"*$+,-*./&''01(2"13.&."1(4445((
#"(',-"+'"1$("6-,7"/,'38((
/(2,9&*./&($9&6'32,((
+:;(*.$+&'."/(<&"<-,=39&*23>(
*#&?3,:@'"*.&A($'3/&-*3.&."/(

(

(

(

,-./01$234.516$5/-718$9::9$

$

BBC(DEFGD(

HGI(

(

5(&(?(&('(7(&('(.(0J(2,=&+-,(=3739&*2"A(<&"<-,=33(K@/"/*2"<"(<"*$+,-*./&''"<"($'3/&-*3.&.,(

31&'3( H/,',( L-,'2"( M7,/F( 2,=&+-"A( #-"=F( )F( NF( O3::&-P( 3( #-"=F( QF( HF( O3>,A:"/( MO"*2"/*23A(
<"*$+,-*./&''0A($'3/&-*3.&.(31&'3(OF(RF(K"1"'"*"/,P(

(

SGTITUTSTTMUVTWTTTTTTP(X(TGV(

%$SSS(X(WS(

TTSMTSP(X(WS(

(

YZ[\(I]TE]TTS^VS]S((
(

_(`F()F(H*,9&'2"a(SWWS(

(

$

56789:;<=97

H7$9&'3&(:,'+b,=."/&+&'3;(:&c3.(/("*'"/&(#"+<"."/23(*#&?3,:3*.,(=3732"]

<&"<-,=,F(R(',*.";%&&(/-&1;(d.".(-,7+&:(=3739&*2"A(<&"<-,=33(#-&/-,.3:*;(/(
-,7/&./:&''$8(',$9'$8(".-,*:@a(2"."-,;($c&('&($2:,+0/,&.*;(/(-,123("+'"<"(
$9&6'"<"( 2$-*,F( R( $9&6'"1( #:,'&( #"( *#&?3,:37,?33( eL3739&*2,;( <&"<-,=3;f(
#-&+*.,/:&'( ?&:0A( ?32:( :,'+b,=."/&+9&*23>( +3*?3#:3'( X( .&"-&.39&*23>a(
',$9'"]1&."+39&*23>( 3( #-32:,+'0>F( R( <-$##$( .&"-&.39&*23>( +3*?3#:3'(
',-;+$( *( eK,'+b,=."/&+&'3&1( 3( =3732"]<&"<-,=39&*231( -,A"'3-"/,'3&1f(
/>"+;.(e)&">313;(:,'+b,=.,f(3(e)&"=3732,(:,'+b,=.,fF(5,7:39'0&(,*#&2.0(
1&."+323(:,'+b,=.'0>(3**:&+"/,'3A(".-,c&'0(/(2$-*,>(eO&."+32,(#":&/0>(
<&"<-,=39&*23>( 3**:&+"/,'3Afa( e`d-"2"*139&*23&( 1&."+0( 3**:&+"/,'3;fa(
eO&."+32,(

:,'+b,=.'0>(

3**:&+"/,'3A(

3(

2,-."<-,=3-"/,'3&fa(

eO,.&1,.39&*23&( 1&."+0( /( =3739&*2"A( <&"<-,=33fF( Q,2"'&?a( #-3:"c&'3&(
#-3'?3#"/(3(1&."+"/(:,'+b,=."/&+&'3;(2(-&b&'38(-,7:39'0>(#-,2.39&*23>(
7,+,9("*/&%,&.*;(/(2$-*,>(eN-32:,+'"&(:,'+b,=."/&+&'3&fa(3:3(eN-32:,+',;(
=3739&*2,;( <&"<-,=3;fa( eO&:3"-,.3/',;( <&"<-,=3;fa( eg?&'2,( #-3-"+'0>(
-&*$-*"/( 3( #-3'?3#0( -,?3"',:@'"<"( #-3-"+"#":@7"/,'3;fa( eg*'"/0(
<&"<-,=39&*2"<"(#-"<'"73-"/,'3;fF((

C$-*( eK,'+b,=."/&+&'3&( 3( =3732"]<&"<-,=39&*2"&( -,A"'3-"/,'3&f(

37:,<,&.(

=$'+,1&'.,:@'0&(

.&"-&.39&*23&(

"*'"/0(

*"/-&1&''"<"(

:,'+b,=."/&+&'3;( /( b3-"2"1( *10*:&( *:"/,( M/2:89,;( 3( =3732"]
<&"<-,=39&*2"&(

-,A"'3-"/,'3&Pa(

'&(

7,.-,<3/,;(

/"#-"*0(

1&."+323(

:,'+b,=.'0>( 3**:&+"/,'3A( 3( #-32:,+'0&( ,*#&2.0F( R"#-"*0( <&">3133(
:,'+b,=.,( 3( <&"=37323( :,'+b,=.,( +":c'0( ".-,c,.@*;( :3b@( #"*.":@2$a(
#"*2":@2$(d."('&"6>"+31"(+:;("*/&%&'3;("6%&A(.&"-33(:,'+b,=."/&+&'3;F((

N&-/"&( $9&6'"&( #"*"63&( #"( "*'"/,1( :,'+b,=."/&+&'3;( 3( =3732"]

<&"<-,=39&*2"<"( -,A"'3-"/,'3;( 60:"( /0#$%&'"( 37+,.&:@*./"1( eR0*b,;(
b2":,f(/(SWEI(<F(3(+"(*3>(#"-(3*#":@7$&.*;(/($9&6'"1(#-"?&**&a('&*1".-;(',(
."a( 9."( $c&( *3:@'"( $*.,-&:"F( 4( ."<"( /-&1&'3( 1'"<3&( ,*#&2.0(
:,'+b,=."/&+&'3;( #":$93:3( '"/"&( "*/&%&'3&a( #";/3:3*@( '"/0&( #-"6:&10a(
-&72"( $*3:3:*;( 3'.&-&*( :,'+b,=."/&+"/( 2( /"#-"*,1( /7,31"+&A*./3;(
#-3-"+'"<"( 2"1#:&2*,( 3( 9&:"/&9&*./,F( R( $9&6'"A( :3.&-,.$-&( 7,( #"*:&+'3&(
<"+0(".'"*3.&:@'"(#"+-"6'"(".-,c&'0(

:3b@( /"#-"*0( =3732"]<&"<-,=39&*2"<"( -,A"'3-"/,'3;a( 2"."-"1$( #"*/;%&'0(
#"*"63;(QF(HF(O3>,A:"/,a(RF(HF(N-"2,&/,a(`F(hF(L&+3'"AF((

4"7+,'3&( $9&6'32,a( /( 2"."-"1( *"/-&1&'',;( .&"-3;( :,'+b,=."/&+&'3;(

#":$93:,( 60( +"*.,."9'"( #":'"&( *3*.&1,.39&*2"&( "*/&%&'3&( 2,2( ?&:"*.',;(
',$9',;(2"'?&#?3;a(#-&+*.,/:;&.(9-&7/09,A'"(*:"c'$8(7,+,9$F(C-$<(/"#-"*"/(
3( #-"6:&1a( ">/,.0/,&10>( :,'+b,=.'"A( .&"-3&Aa( '&#-&-0/'"( -,*b3-;&.*;F(
O'"<3&(37('3>(',>"+;.*;(&%&(/(',9,:@'"A(*.,+33(-,7-,6".23a(,('&-&+2"(:3b@(
',( $-"/'&( #"*.,'"/23( 7,+,9F( g.*8+,( '&376&c',( +3*2$**3"''"*.@a( ',:393&(
-,7'0>(."9&2(7-&'3;a(,.1"*=&-,(',$9'"<"(#"3*2,(3("*.-0>(*#"-"/a(2"<+,(&%&(
-,'"(c+,.@(e7,2"'9&''0>f(="-1$:3-"/"2(3(e"2"'9,.&:@'0>f(/0/"+"/F(!,c&(/(
.,23>( e*.,-0>f( 3a( 2,7,:"*@( 60a( -,7-,6".,''0>( -,7+&:,>a( 2,2( =3732"]
<&"<-,=39&*2"&( -,A"'3-"/,'3&a( ',7-&/,&.( '&"6>"+31"*.@( #&-&*1".-,(
#-3/09'0>a($*.";/b3>*;(#-&+*.,/:&'3AF((

R( $9&6'32&( *:&+$&.( "#,*,.@*;( +"<1,.371,a( *.-&1:&'3;( 376&c,.@( e"*.-0>(

$<:"/fa($>"+3.@(".(-&b&'3;(*#"-'0>(/"#-"*"/F(`/."-('&(#0.,:*;(*<:,c3/,.@(
-,*>"c+&'3;( /"( /7<:;+,>( 3( $>"+3.@( ".( +3*2$**3Aa( *93.,;a( 9."( 37:"c&'3&(
+3*2$**3"''0>( #-"6:&1( +":c'"( +,/,.@( 93.,.&:8( #3%$( +:;( -,710b:&'3;F(
g+',2"( /"( /*&>( #"+"6'0>( *:$9,;>( "'( *.,-,:*;( ="-1$:3-"/,.@( *"6*./&''$8(
."92$( 7-&'3;a( 3*>"+;( 37( "#-&+&:&''"A( "6%&A( 2"'?&#?33a( 37( *.-&1:&'3;(
37:"c3.@(7,2"'9&''$8(*3*.&1$(/7<:;+"/a(,('&(".-0/"9'0&(*""6-,c&'3;(#"(.&1(
3:3(3'01(9,*.'01(/"#-"*,1(M9."a(2(*"c,:&'38a("9&'@(>,-,2.&-'"(+:;(',$9'"A(
:3.&-,.$-0(#"(:,'+b,=."/&+&'38PF((

K3.&-,.$-'0&(

3*."9'323(

#"(

:,'+b,=."/&+&'38(

1'"<"93*:&''0F(

N"1&%&''0A( /( 2"'?&( 2'3<3( *#3*"2( '&( *:&+$&.( -,**1,.-3/,.@( 2,2(
"6;7,.&:@'0AF( g'( #-3/&+&'( *( .&1a( 9."60( +,.@( #&-/39'$8( "-3&'.3-"/2$( /(
*"/-&1&''"A( :,'+b,=."/&+9&*2"A( :3.&-,.$-&( *.$+&'.,1( 3( ,*#3-,'.,1a(
2"."-0&(c&:,8.(6":&&(#"+-"6'"("7',2"13.@*;(*(.&13(3:3(3'013(-,7+&:,13(3(
#-"6:&1,13(:,'+b,=."/&+&'3;(3:3(376-,.@(.&1$(+:;(*,1"*.";.&:@'"A(-,6".0F(
R(d.".(*#3*"2(/2:89&'0(:3b@(".'"*3.&:@'"('"/0&(37+,'3;(1"'"<-,=39&*2"<"(
>,-,2.&-,a(,(.,2c&('&2"."-0&($9&6'0&(#"*"63;(3(*6"-'323(',(-$**2"1(;702&a(
/0b&+b3&(/(*/&.(#"*:&(SW^T(<F(!"#":'3.&:@'0&(636:3"<-,=39&*23&(*/&+&'3;(
#"( -,7:39'01( 2"'2-&.'01( /"#-"*,1( :,'+b,=."/&+&'3;( #-3/"+;.*;( /( .&2*.&(
*""./&.*./$8%3>(<:,/F((

H::8*.-,.3/'0A( 1,.&-3,:( 2'3<3( /"( /*&>( *:$9,;>a( <+&( 3*."9'32( '&(

"<"/"-&'a(-,7-,6".,'(,/."-"1F((

!"#$%(

(

(

+=787>97$

$

!"#$%#&'

()*$+),&-.#$#//01'

!"/"-$*2#'

&#""/&-"/)(3*2#'

45#-5"),/6#78/#9'8-%:(#872'/'5#-7/7&#%2;'K,'+b,=."/&+&'3&(X(9,*.@(3:3(
-,7+&:(=3739&*2"A(<&"<-,=33a(*:&+"/,.&:@'"a($('&<"a(*.-"<"(<"/"-;a('&(1"c&.(
60.@( "*"6"<"( #-&+1&.,( 3**:&+"/,'3;a( ".:39'"<"( ".( #-&+1&.,( =3739&*2"A(
<&"<-,=33(/(?&:"1F(g*'"/',;(3+&;(*"/-&1&''"A(=3739&*2"A(<&"<-,=33(X(d."(
3+&;(/7,31'"A(*/;73(3(/7,31'"A("6$*:"/:&''"*.3(#-3-"+'0>(<&"<-,=39&*23>(
2"1#"'&'."/a( *"*.,/:;8%3>( ',-$c'0&( *=&-0( ',b&A( #:,'&.0F( H*."-39&*23(
d.,(3+&;(2"'2-&.373-"/,:,*@(/(+/$>(',#-,/:&'3;>(3(#-3/&:,(2(#-&+*.,/:&'3;1(
"( &'$&%()*+',-$./ $0$1$+-'2/ ,/ "+'"A( *."-"'0a( 3( "( 3%*%$45$6/
#'%%*#$%*(175$62/*1*/&'$&%()*+',-$62/-$631'-,'/8/,/+-$<"AF((

R( #"';.33( "( <&"<-,=39&*2"A( "6":"92&( #":$93:3( */"&( 7,2"'9&''"&(

/0-,c&'3&( 10*:3( "( ?&:"*.'"1( <&"<-,=39&*2"1( 2"1#:&2*&( /( <:"6,:@'0>(
1,*b.,6,>a( 9."( "#-&+&:3:"( #-&+1&.( 37$9&'3;( "6%&A( =3739&*2"A( <&"<-,=33a(
3:3("6%&<"(7&1:&/&+&'3;(

S

F(N"';.3&("(#-3-"+'"1(.&--3."-3,:@'"1(2"1#:&2*&(

2,2( 2"'2-&.'"1( :"2,:@'"1( 3:3( -&<3"',:@'"1( *"9&.,'33( 2"1#"'&'."/( 7&1'"A(
#-3-"+0(:&<:"(/("*'"/$(:,'+b,=."/&+&'3;F((

N"+(3%*%$4596*/&'$&%()*+',-*6*/-$63$5'5#(6*/10(#"'31,&1J(SP(1,**0(

./&-+"A(7&1'"A(2"-0i(DP(1,**0(<3+-"*=&-0(M',(*$b&(d."(-,7:39'0&(*2"#:&'3;(
#"/&->'"*.'0>(3(#"+7&1'0>(/"+Pi(VP(/"7+$b'0&(1,**0(,.1"*=&-0i(UP(63".$(X(
*""6%&*./,("-<,'371"/(X(-,*.&'3Aa(c3/".'0>(3(132-""-<,'371"/i(IP(#"9/$F(
C-"1&( ."<"a( /( 2,9&*./&( "*"60>( <&"<-,=39&*23>( 2"1#"'&'."/( "609'"(
-,7:39,8.( -&:@&=( 3( 2:31,.F( N"( *$%&*./$( #&-/0A( #-&+*.,/:;&.( *"6"A( :3b@(
/'&b'88(="-1$(./&-+"A(7&1'"A(2"-0a('"('&(*,1"*.";.&:@'"&(#-3-"+'"&(.&:"i(
/."-"A( X( *"/"2$#'"*.@( "#-&+&:&''0>( */"A*./( 3( #-"?&**"/( /"7+$b'"A(
"6":"923a( ."9'&&( X( ".+&:@'0>( /"7+$b'0>( 1,**F( g+',2"( 3( -&:@&=a( 3( 2:31,.(
3<-,8.( *.":@( /,c'$8( -":@( /( ="-13-"/,'33( 3( =$'2?3"'3-"/,'33(
<&"<-,=39&*2"<"( 2"1#:&2*,a( 9."( #"( .-,+3?33( 7,( '313( *">-,';8.*;( #-,/,(
*,1"*.";.&:@'0>(<&"<-,=39&*23>(2"1#"'&'."/F(

(

S

(Q,7/,'3&(e"6%&&(7&1:&/&+&'3&f(*.,:"(.-,+3?3"''01a(>".;('&("./&9,&.(*$%'"*.3(#-&+1&.,a(

*"+&-c,'38(3(7,+,9,1("6%&A(=3739&*2"A(<&"<-,=33(2,2(',$23("(<&"<-,=39&*2"A("6":"92&(M,('&("(
j&1:&(2,2(#:,'&.&PF(

(