Lesson 3. People and Jobs.

Yourself And The "Market" Рынок Труда и Вы

Among the most personally rewarding (полезных) demonstrations of your communication power is your use of words to get the job you want.

Nowhere is this ability more important than in the application (заявка) for a job. Here your skill in personal expression meets its toughest (сложный, жёсткий) test: Can you get the job you need through your words alone?

To this test question no one can answer yes except you. You alone can properly tell the facts about yourself. No one else can do it successfully.

То apply successfully for employment requires research on the one hand; and creativity on the other.

Research involves your discovering or rediscovering information about (1) yourself as a prospective worker, (2) other people as prospective employers or co-workers, and (3) circumstances (обстоятельства) that are likely to associate you with those other people. Creativity, related to employment applications, involves your producing words and actions that represent your research finding so that you will effectively fulfill your purpose(достичь свою цель) and get your job.

On the practical scale (практический масштаб) no kind of communication ranks higher (не имеет такого высокого уровня) for personal use than the job application message (заявление о приеме на работу). Although many applicant ( кандидат) have acceptable or even good educations, they have for some reason learned nothing whatever about how to apply for a job.

Your application represents you as it reaches your prospective employer's desk (письменный стол). Your skill and ability will be sold in competition. So prepare yourself to compete with other applicants who, just as earnestly (убедительно, настойчиво) as you, may want the same job. Like you, they will put their dependence(ожидание решения) on an application in which they picture themselves as well as they know how. Your task is to make yourself more skillful so that you may outperform (опережать) the others.

Prospective employers want to "size up" (сопоставить, оценить, измерить) applicants ahead of the interview. They want to determine in advance whether the applicants are worth further contact. The impression their applications make literally determine (буквально определяют) whether they are worth taking the time to see.

To introduce a product, you study it to find its superior (лучшие) qualities and uses. You then study your market to find who are your prospective buyers, where they live, what their buying habits are, what features and qualities they are looking for and what appeals will be strongest.

You follow the same process in winning a job. You study yourself to discover your personal qualities. You get ready to put into persuasive (убедительные) words a description of your training, your skill, your knowledge, and your ability. You study the services you can offer in order to be able to present them effectively.

Next you search out prospective employers who might have a need for the kind of ability you can offer. You find out where these employers work, when they do their interviewing, what opportunities are open, what qualifications are needed for handling these jobs. You then put yourself on the “examining stand” (стенд с рейтингом) and decide whether the qualification you have are those the employer wants. You proceed to the third and final step, the application itself, only if your completed study of yourself and the job shows that your qualifications fit.

Thus (таким образом) you complete the preparatory study that gives your application the advantage over aggressive competition. For competition you will have! To meet it, you must make every preparatory step count. (подсчитанным)

Here is a summary:

The Product: yourself, your skills, your abilities.

The Market: prospective employers whose locations, job opportunities, and needs have been studied.

The Contact: your application itself.

Major classes of applications : (1) solicited, written in response to advertisements (usually “want ads”), and (2) unsolicited. ( Основные виды заявлений: (1) запрашивается, написано в ответ на рекламные объявления (обычно «хотят рекламу») и (2) не запрашивается.)

An unsolicited application(не запрашиваемые заявления) is one written by an applicant (кандидат) who hopes that there may be an employment opening or who happens to hear of a vacancy. But more commonly it is written at the suggestion of a third person who may know the prospective employer or who may have knowledge of a definite job that is open. The “third person” may be a friend, an employment agency, or a representative of an appointment bureau.

---

On the other hand, advertisements draw (привлекает) the greater number of applications. Because of the scores (множества) of applications that result (являются результатом), your message, if it is to obtain more than casual notice, must stimulate attention and interest through its expression, tone (стиль, характер), and appearance.

Ex. 1. Look at the list of jobs and the adjectives characterizing them. Discuss the jobs using these adjectives.

Example: a firefighter – This work is really dangerous and stressful. It isn’t suited for me.

Jobs: an assistant to a bank manager; an interpreter for a politician; the salesman of a CD shop; a nurse; a firefighter; an accountant (бухгалтер); a barman; a policeman.

Adjectives: - boring / routine / unstimulating

- nice / fun a barman

- dangerous / frightening a firefighter

- well paid a policeman

- popular / modern an assistant to a bank manager

- relaxing the salesman of a CD shop

- exciting / stressful a nurse

- suited for me / satisfying an interpreter for a politician

- promising but challenging. an accountant

Ex. 2. Match the opposites.

1. hardworking h) lazy

2. sociable, easy-going (с легким характером) e) unsociable, bossy (любящий распоряжаться; властный), reserved (скрытный; сдержанный;)

3. attentive i) inattentive (внимательный i) невнимательный)

4. honest, truthful a) dishonest, double-faced

5. reliable, devoted f) unreliable

6. quick, witty k) slow-witted быстрый, остроумный k) неразумный

7. brave, courageous b) apprehensive смелый, мужественный б) опасающийся

8. responsible d) irresponsible ответственный г) безответственный

9. well-organized g) badly-organized, disorganized

10. careful, prudent j) careless, imprudent осторожный, осмотрительный j) неосторожный, неосмотрительный

11. decisive c) indecisive, hesitant решительный c) нерешительный, колеблющийся

Ex. 3. Name the opposites to the following adjectives.

active, energetic – lazy, tired, slow, lifeless; creative, imaginative – uncreative, unproductive, unimaginative; friendly – mean, unfriendly, uncompaniable (необщительный); balanced, quiet –unreasonable, unfair, loud, noisy, troubled; helpful – unhelpful, unfriendly; patient (терпеливый )–violent, impatient, loud, rough (грубый).

Ex. 4. Look at the list of professions below. Use the adjectives to describe specific features for each of them. Give reasons.

Example: A salesman should be a hard-working, well-organized person who is also honest. A job like this needs a person who gets on well with people at work, who is friendly, patient and attentive.

A lawyer, a nurse, an architect, a receptionist, a journalist, an accountant, a cashier, a security guard, a mechanic.

A lawyer (hardworking, attentive, honest, reliable, responsible, decisive (решительный)).

A nurse (hardworking, sociable, attentive, quick, careful, honest).

An architect (hardworking, attentive, witty, responsible, well-organized, decisive).

A receptionist (секретарь в приемной) (hardworking, sociable, attentive, quick, responsible, well-organized).

A journalist (sociable, attentive, witty, well-organized, decisive, responsible).

An accountant (бухгалтер) (attentive, quick, responsible, careful, decisive, honest).

A cashier (кассир)(hardworking, sociable, attentive, quick, well-organized, reliable).

A security guard (attentive, reliable, quick, brave, responsible, careful).

A mechanic (hardworking, attentive, responsible, careful).

Ex.5. Read the advertisement for a job.

The International Language Center

wants

a receptionist

Do you like working with people?

Can you speak two foreign languages?

Can you use a word processor?(текстовый редактор)

Do you know Oxford well?

Write to Jane Watson, Director

The Oxford International Center

16 College Street, OxfordOX2 7PT

Ex. 6. Read the information about Ann. She is interested in the job. Fill in the gaps in her letter of application.

Name: Ann Barnes

Age: 26

Address: 7 Hope Road, Oxford OX6 5PT

Present job: tourist guide

Last job: hotel receptionist

Skills: fluent French and Spanish, Microsoft Office, typing 80w.p.m.

Qualities: sociable, creative, responsible.

7 Hope Road

Oxford OX6 5PT

10th August 2007

Jane Watson

Director

The International Language Center

16 College Street

Oxford OX2 7PT

Dear Ms. Watson,

I am interested in the job of a receptionist at the International Language Center. I am 26 years old and I live in Oxford. At the moment I work as a tourist guide, but last year I worked a hotel receptionist. I like working with people and I can speak fluent Spanish and French. I can also use a word processor and type 80 w.p.m.(words per minute) I was born in Oxford, so I know it very well. I look forward to hearing from you.

---

Yours sincerely,

Ann Barnes

Ex. 7. Look at the advertisement for another job. Write a letter of application.

The Legal Advice Center

is looking for

Legal Expert (эксперт по правовым вопросам)

for the Economic and Trade Law Team

Requirements:

• a degree in Law with a strong background in Economics

• fluent English (in addition to the native Ukrainian language)

• 30-35 years old and previous experience in a similar position

• good skills in word processing

• be responsible team-player, opened minded personality.

We offer: career growth opportunity, competitive salary

Please, send your application form (letter, CD) by e-mail:

prus@plac. kyiv. Ua

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am interested in the job of a Legal Expert (эксперт по правовым вопросам)

for the Economic and Trade Law Team. I am 32 years old and I live in Kiev. I have been working as Legal Expert for 8 years. I like working with people, I am responsible team-player and opened minded personality. I can speak fluent English. I can also use a word processor and type 80 w.p.m.(words per minute). I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

Bla Bla

Ex. 8. Answer these questions. Discuss.

What do you need to send to an employer before a job interview? Application form.

What information about you does an employer need to have? Education, skills, traits, work experience.

past/present jobs, certificates, list of illness, parent’s job, hobbies, details of qualification, age, foreign languages, marital status, plans of having children.

---

Lesson 4. Structure and Parts of a Letter

Return address

Receiver’s address Date

Greeting

Body

Closing

Signature

Typed name

Enclosure (Приложение)

1. Return The return (or sender’s) address is usually in the top right

address corner or in the middle of the sheet, often printed

or typographically. The heading contains the name of organization

heading or firm, sending the letter, its address (number of house, street,

city, state /province, county/, ZIP Code (почтовый индекс) and country), telephone, fax, e-mail. A comma separates the city from the state or country.

Example: 18 Anderson Road, Madrid, Spain

DO NOT indicate your name here.

2. Date The date is usually below or above the return address. Dates are

abbreviated in business letters. A comma separates the month

and day from the year. In international correspondence dates

can be confusing if only numbers are used.

British form: day/month/year

9 January, 2007 or 9^th January, 2007

American form: month/day/year

January 9, 2007

Note: 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd.

3. Receiver’s The receiver’s address is on the left side of the sheet and

Address contains the addressee’s title (Mr., Ms., Dr., Mrs.), first name,

last name, job title, company name, street address, city, state

(province, county), ZIP Code, country.

Example: Mr. Bill Rubin

Vice President of Operations

Garnet Company

24 Dexter Road

San Francisco, California,

USA 92654.

3. Reference In many business letters or e-mails, there is a subject or a

or Subject reference that tells the reader what the focus of the letter is.

A common reference represents the initials of the person who

wrote the letter and those of the typist (машинист) who typed it.

Example: Our Ref(ссылка, справка): MRE/JNK (the initials of the author of

the letter/the initials of the typist)

Subject: Invitation.

3. Greeting - When you do know the reader’s name:

salutation Dear Sir,

Dear Madam,

Dear Sir or Madam, (if you do not know the sex of the

receiver)

Dear Sirs, (if the letter is addressed to a firm)

• When you know the reader’s name:

Dear + (title) + Last Name Dear Mr. Maxwell,

Dear Ms. Smith,

Dear Miss,

Dear Dr. Robins,

American form: with semicolon:

Dear Sirs: or Dear Mr. Black:

3. Body There are generally three parts:

• opening: give your reason for writing:

I am applying for the position…, I am writing …

• purpose: provide the details of why you are writing:

I have enclosed(прилагать) my resume (a brochure, a list…)

• action: tell the reader what will happen next:

I will call you next month.

We will contact / send / correct / …

3. Closing The closing paragraph contains expectations about future

actions and polite expression – the writer thanks the reader:

Thank you for your attention (help / interest)

I look forward to your reply.

8. Salutation The complimentary(лестный, вежливый) closing is a polite way of ending letter.

If you are acquainted (знакомы) with the person you write:

Yours faithfully (С уважением),

If you know a man (woman) at least by correspondence

you write: British form: Yours sincerely,(Искренне Ваш)

American form: Sincerely yours,

Yours very truly,

Best wishes,

Best regards, etc.

9. Signature The signature is written by hand above the typed name of

the author. It is not obligatory(обязательно) to indicate your position.

---

If near the signature there are two letters p.p. (per pro) (per procurationem, когда подписываешь от имени кого-то) it

means that the letter is “by warrant” (по доверенности) or is signed by person

who has not made it, for example secretary or deputy (заместитель).

10. Enclosure If some material is added to the letter the words Enclosure

(Enclosures) (Приложение) or the abbreviation End are written in the left

lower corner of the letter. You can also use the expression

We enclose Мы прилагаем…

Remember

Writing business letters make sure to tell people how

to contact you.

Parts of an Envelope

(Return address) Stamp

First Name (or initial)*Last Name

(or Company Name)

Building/House number* Street

Name

City, State * ZIP Code Country

(Receiver’s Address)

Title* First Name* Last Name

Job Title

Company Name

Street Number* Street Name

City, State* Zip Code

Country

Example

Mykola Shevchenko

fl. 51, 21, L. Tolstogo Sq.

Kyiv, 01114, Ukraine

Mr. John Wolf

Director of Marketing

Office Furniture Company

45 Sixth Avenue

Milwaukee, WI 53216, USA

Ex. 1. Read and remember:

In business letters, you should always be polite.

You should make requests rather than give commands:

Command: Tell me about your job conditions.

Request: Would you please tell me more about your job conditions?

Here are some suggestions used in polite requests:

Could you possibly… If possible, could you …

I would appreciate it if you would … If you have the time …

I would be grateful if you could … Would you please …

If it is not too much trouble … Would you possibly …

Ex. 2. Alter these commands into polite requests. Use a different expression for each sentence using the prompts above.

Example: Ask your office representative to call me. – I would appreciate if your office representative calls me.

1. I would be grateful if you could send me a brochure about your new car models.

2. If it is not too much trouble please give me your most current prices.

3. If possible, could you pleaseTtll me when the tickets are available.

4. If you have the time please fax me a list of our company’s clients.

5. Would you please provide us the information and materials concerning(касающиеся) last conference.

6. Would you possibly submit the report (предоставить отчёт) on the fifteenth of every month.

Ex. 3. Complete the sentences in this letter. Use the words given in brackets (registration, interest, hesitate, enclose (прилагать), brochure, forward, conference, City of London).

Dundee Police Constabulary (полиция Данди)

Principle Department

155 Entry Road, Dundee, SL371

Tel. 081-673-7754 Fax. 081-673 6679 e-mail: police @ dundee.net

Javier Perez 23^rd August, 2007

Police Staff College

40 Duke Street

London WIA 2DW

Thank you for your interest in our eight annual Measures to Combat Terrorism (Меры по борьбе с терроризмом) conference. Further to your recent inquiry, I am delighted to enclose the brochure for the conference, which will take place in Scottish Police College, Melrose, from October 2-5, 2007.

This year our guest speaker will be Sir Robin Creswell, MP(a Member of Parliament.), formerly Deputy Prime Minister and Commissioner of the City of London Police Force. (бывший заместитель премьер-министра и главный инспектор полиции Лондона)

The enclosed brochure gives full details on the structure of the conference, however, if you would like to discuss your specific requirements, please do not hesitate to contact me. So if you, or your colleagues, are considering attending, please complete the enclosed registration form and send it to me, without delay, at the address above.

---

Смотрите также файлы

• 3-1.doc

• 4-1.doc

• 4-1.docx

• 5-1.doc

• 6-1.doc