Файл: ИВб-14-2 Информатика для ИВб.pdf

17.Исключите из каждой серии сообщений то, которое имеет структуру, отличную от двух других.

А. 1. Copy process ended.

2.Copy process.

3.All files cancelled.

Б. 1. Lost clusters found in chain.

2.File not found.

3.Source path required. B. 1. Drive deleted.

2.Fastopen installed.

3.All data will be erased.

Г. 1. Invalid code page specified.

2.Insert source disk.

3.Strike any key. Д. 1. Edits lost.

2.System transferred.

3.Bad partition table. E. 1. File cancelled,

2.Access denied.

3.Bad command.

Ж. 1. Resident part of program installed.

2.DOS 2.0 or later required.

3.Only non-bootable partitions exist.

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CHECK – UP

Вы должны знать:

∙от каких английских слов произошли 8 команд MS DOS:

DEL (ERASE), EDLIN, FASTOPEN, JOIN, SET, SETMODE, SHARE, TREE,

∙30 слов сообщений:

access, add, chain, close, cross, data, duplicate, edits, baud, find, fit, halt, hide, leave, letter, load, lose, mark, operation, operator, part, past, point, process, protect, rate, require, resident, start, write

∙понимать сообщения, в которых дается информация о том, какое действие совершено с предметом, типа Files are deleted.

∙Переведите следующие сообщения компьютера:

1. End of file encountered.

2. Warning! The active partition is not bootable.

3. Active partition not changed.

4. First cluster number is invalid.

5. All logical drives deleted in the DOS partition.

6. Invalid environment size specified.

7. Graphics characters already loaded.

8. Maximum number of logical DOS drivers installed.

9. File cancelled by operator.

10. File was changed after it was backed up.

11. Corrections will not be written to disk.

12. Code page has not been designed.

13. Target diskette is write protected.

14. Make sure a diskette is inserted into the drive and the door is closed. 15. Files in the target drive will be erased.

16. Directory is joined.

17. Not found.

18. No logical drive defined.

19. Not processed.

20. Copy not completed.

21. Disk full - write not completed.

22.Переведите.

MANUALS

MS-DOS OVERVIEW

This section introduces MS-DOS and shows how it helps you to use your computer easily. MS-DOS has a number of powerful features, and the paragraphs below contain cross-references to further details later in the manual.

What is MS-DOS?

MS-DOS is an operating system - a piece of software which looks after the running of your computer. It lets you create and keep track of files, run and link programs, and make use of peripheral devices (for example, printers and disk drives) attached to your computer.

Because your computer can run with one of several different operating systems (for example, MS-DOS, CP/M) the operating system is not built into the computer. Instead it is loaded from disk when the computer is started up.

Once the operating system has been loaded into the computer's memory the disk from which it was loaded may be removed if required. The operating system needs to be reloaded only if part has been overwritten (when using very large programs, for example) or when the computer is restarted.

Disks

A disk is a data storage medium consisting of a flat, circular, magnetic surface on which information can be recorded. You will receive several disks with your computer. These already contain information and programs, and are ready to use.

Blank disks can be used to store your own information and programs, but these disks must be formatted before they can be used. Disks which contain important information can be write-protected. This means you can read from but not write to the disk, making it impossible to write accidentally over information. Your disks can be write-protected - instructions are included in each box of disks.

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Default drive

Your computer may have either one or two disk drives, which MS-DOS knows as drives A: and B:.

The default drive is the one which MS-DOS uses unless you tell it to do otherwise. It is shown by the prompt which MS-DOS displays:

To change the default disk drive, enter the new drive letter:

A> B: changes the default drive from A to В

B> A: changes the default drive from В to A

File

Computers store information on disks in files. A file is a collection of related information such as a computer program or the text of a letter.

Each file is given a unique name, and each filename is stored in a directory. To find out about the files in a directory, use the MS-DOS command DIR.

When referring to a file, you must use a file specification. This consists of a pathname, a filename and an extention (if there is one). As an example, to reference a file on drive B: called FRED.BAS (where the default drive is 'A') the correct file specification would be:

B:\FRED.BAS

File extention can be up to three characters long and are used to identify the contents of a file.

MS-DOS automatically defines the meaning of some file extentions. Others can be assigned as you wish. For example, .TXT can be used to indicate a text file.

Directories

MS-DOS lets you organise the files on your disk into directories. Directories are a way of dividing your files into convenient groups. A directory may contain any number of files, but it is often more convenient to separate the files into subdirectories. This method of organising the disk is rather like a tree where the files are the leaves of the tree and the directories are the branches. (The first directory is usually called the "ROOT".)

You can have more than one file (leaf) with the same name provided that the files are in different directories. The diagram shows two instances of FILE57 - the first in subdirectory 1, the other in subdirectory 2.

Each directory has at least two entries, even when otherwise empty. These are '. ' and '.. '. The '. ' specifies the name of the current directory and the '.. ' the name of the parent directory.

MS-DOS needs a pathname to find its way to a particular file. The pathname is a series of directory names followed by the required filename, each separated from the last by a backward slash (\). If a file specification does not begin with \ the first part of the specification is taken to be default, or current, directory.

Default Directory

You must tell the computer which directory it is to use as its current working directory - that is, the directory you wish to work in. Do this with the CHANGE DIRECTORY command (CD). The current working directory is often called the default directory. To change the current directory use CD followed by the. pathname of the directory you wish to use.

Command

A command performs some commonly used task, such as creating a directory or copying a file or disk. MS-DOS has internal and external commands.

Internal commands are available at any time when your computer is running. External commands are loaded from disk only when needed.

Batch File

To avoid repeatedly typing the same set of commands for a commonly used task, put the command sequence into a special file called a batch file.

You can then carry out the entire sequence (or batch) simply by typing the name of the batch file. Commands in batch files are carried out as if the individual commands were typed at the terminal.

You can create a batch file by using the line editor (EDLIN), or by using the COPY command.

If there is a batch file called AUTOEXEC.BAT in the ROOT directory when the computer is started up, it will be executed automatically (AUTOmatically EXECuted BATch file).

Batch file may be made more useful by use of the SET, IF and GOTO commands.

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UNIT 8

1.Ниже приведены 5 команд, о значении и функциях которых вы узнали. Заполните таблицу, разделив команды на три группы в зависимости от их формы:

SUBST, EXE2BIN, CHDIR, MKDIR, RMDIR

2. Приведите строки первой, второй и третьей колонки таблицы в соответствие.

6.Познакомьтесь со значениями следующих слов. Постарайтесь запомнить их.

1.abort - (преждевременно) прекращать, заканчивать аварийно процесса.

2.basic - 1. основной, главный, один из языков программирования

3.convert - преобразовывать

4.ignore - пропускать, игнорировать

5.primary - первичный

6.terminate - заканчивать, прекращать

7.zero - ноль, нулевой

8.able - способный, unable = not able - невозможно

9.another - другой (-ая, -ое), еще один (-на, -но)

10.саn - может, cannot - не может, нельзя, невозможно (если сообщение начинается с этого глагола)

11.could - прош. время от саn; Cannot open file. Data could be destroyed.

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