Файл: Н.Н. Курпешко Английский язык Методические указания для обучения студентов II курса (III семестр) специальности 180400.pdf

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3. Think of antecedent sentences to fit the following remarks.

1. Это ведь совершенно понятно? 2. Понимаете? 3. Так? Да? Уловил? 4. Понятно, к чему я клоню? 5. Так достаточно понятно? 6. Я ясно выразился? 7. Если что-нибудь осталось неясным, так и скажите. 8. Если ты понимаешь мою точку зрения. 9. Условия? Ясно. 10. Мне, видимо, надо было яснее выразиться. 11. Видимо, точнее было бы сказать.... 12. Все, что я имею в виду.... 13. Так сказать.... 14. Другими словами....

III. Make up dialogues describing the following situations:

a)Father and daughter are creating a graphic picture with the help of the computer "Apple-programme". The six-year-old girl wants to draw a house and her father helps her explaining how to do it.

b)Two computer teachers are discussing the current provision of education in training secondary school teachers in information technology (IT).

c)The Dean of a teacher training college and an IT specialist are discussing the prospects of a special course for teachers of foreign languages.

IV. Translate the dialogue into English using words, expressions and conversational formulas you have learned.

(Two friends are discussing the language study with the help of the computer.)

—Я слышал, что ты учишь французский с помощью компьютера. По-моему, научиться пользоваться компьютером труднее, чем научиться говорить по-французски,

—Ну как ты не понимаешь! Я ведь всегда был любопытным, а в последнее время все эти незнакомые слова: дисплеи, диски, программы, видео — меня просто заинтриговали. Мне стало интересно, смогу ли я в 40 лет научиться чему-нибудь новенькому. Ясно?

—Честно говоря, не очень-то.

—Ну как не ясно. Я вставляю программу по французскому языку

иучусь, как в классе. Только если я делаю какую-нибудь глупую

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ошибку, надо мной никто не смеется. О ней знают только компьютер и я. Уловил? Я всегда был стеснительным, а теперь не стесняюсь.

—Это-то да. Но ведь сколько сил ты потратил, чтобы освоить эту штуку. Наверное, больше, чем на изучение английского. По-моему, пусть молодые этим занимаются. А нам какой толк?

—Ну, я так не считаю. Мы с моей дочкой все вечера теперь проводим вместе. Да и вообще компьютер нас сдружил. А то ведь мы много ссорились раньше.

—У тебя компьютер — средство для решения всех проблем. Так?

—Так.

—Ну тогда показывай, как им пользоваться.

—Да не трудно. Нажми вот эту клавишу. Так. Видишь, загорелась просьба набрать тот язык, на котором ты будешь с ним разговаривать.

—Что? Я, кроме своего родного, никаких языков не знаю. И знать не хочу.

—Да не бойся. Это особый компьютерный язык. Перевод будет делаться автоматически.

—Ну, об этом я вообще ничего не слышал. В общем, дай-ка ты мне лучше для начала какую-нибудь детскую книжку про компьютеры. Что-нибудь для младших школьников.

—Хорошо. Но если что-то будет неясно, я с удовольствием тебе все объясню.

V.Simulation. Use the information from the article.

a) You and other participants of the group are working for the advertising agency: You're thinking of a new commercial about new home computer. At the end of the simulation you may present a TV commercial or newspaper advertisement explaining the use of the micro.

D. The Home Computer Micros have gained a reputation as powerful, versatile home computers

Your child is probably already familiar with them from school. In which case, our educational programmes will ensure that learning continues at home.

The new micro will prove an even more useful addition to the household.

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By using a teletext adaptor, up-to-the-minute information can be called up instantly. And you can also control all the money in your bank account, paying bills and standing orders from the comfort of your own house.

You can even write and send letters on screen by electronic mail.

Leap in the Capacity of Mini-Computers

Soviet scientists have developed a mini-computer capable of up to one billion operations a second — 50 per cent more than comparable US machines.

The head of Electronics Control Systems Institute said his staff were working on several new principles of computer hardware.

They were building prototypes of general-purpose reading terminals and peripheral devices for fifth-generation computers.

One of these will be able to recognise both printed and handwritten characters and graphic images, translate texts and hold a dialogue with human operators.

The staff are working on intelligent terminals that will be able to hear, see and speak.

a) You and other participants of the group are preparing a TV programme Computers in Education. You improvise several interviews with educational authorities and cover the questions of benefits schools should have from computers and the skills that school teacher should develop.

In order to maximize the potential of computers in administration it is essential that we achieve a planned approach towards computer supported administration which is integrated within the overall management structure of a Local Education Authority. This approach will require not only a school to identify its information needs, and to review its management structure, but also County Hall's education department to review both.

Computers should not merely do the mundane task in school administration. We should seize the opportunity to devise both a technological and managerial way of improving the collection, collation, processing and dissemination of information. Schools are part of a more complex system and it is unrealistic to develop school-based computerized administration which cannot be integrated into a larger system.

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The specific objectives of the project are:

to determine the needs and requirements of a wide range of employers in the area of information technology;

to compare the range of IT skills and competencies required by employers with the current provision of education and training at school level and above;

to suggest a more coherent and responsive approach to information technology education and training in the light of the study of IT in education and employment.

UNIT VI

MODERN COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES

Text A: OPERATING SYSTEMS

When computers were first introduced in the 1940's and 50's, every program written had to provide instructions that told the computer how to use devices such as the printer, how to store information on a disk, as well as how to perform several other tasks not necessarily related to the program. The additional program instructions for working with hardware devices were very complex and time-consuming. Programmers soon realized it would be smarter to develop one program that could control the computers hardware, which others programs could have used when they needed it. With that, the first operating system was born.

Today, operating systems control and manage the use of hardware devices such as the printer or mouse. They also provide disk management by letting you store information in files. The operating system also lets you run programs such as the basic word processor. Lastly, the operating system provides several of its own commands that help you to use the computer.

DOS is the most commonly used PC operating system-DOS is an abbreviation for disk operating system. DOS was developed by a company named Microsoft. MS-DOS is an abbreviation for «Microsoft DOS». When IBM first released the IBM PC in 1981, IBM licensed DOS from Microsoft for use on the PC and called it PC-DOS. From the users perspective, PCDOS and MS-DOS are the same, each providing the same capabilities and commands.

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The version of DOS release in 1981 was 1.0. Over the past decade, DOS has undergone several changes. Each time the DOS developers release a new version, they increase the version number.

Windows NT (new teclnology) is an operating system developed by Microsoft. NT is an enhanced version of the popular Microsoft Windows 3.0, 3.1 programmes. NT requires a 386 processor or greater and 8 Mb of RAM. For the best NT performance, you have to use a 486 processor with about 16'Mb or higher. Unlike the Windows, which runs on top of DOS, Windows NT is an operating system itself. However, NT is DOS compatible. The advantage of using NT over Windows is that NT makes better use of the PC's memory nanagement capabilities.

QS/2 is a PC operating system created by IBM. Like NT, OS/2 is DOS compatible and provides a graphical user interface that lets you pin programs with a click of a mouse. Also like NT, OS/2 performs best when you are using a powerful system. Many IBM-based PCs are shipped with OS/2 preinstalled.

UNIX is a multi-user operating system that allows multiple users to access the system. Traditionally, UNIX was run on a larger minicomputers to which users accessed the systems using terminals and not PC's. UNIX allowed each user to simultaneously run the programs they desired. Unlike NT and OS/2, UNIX is not DOS compatible. Most users would not purchase UNIX for their own use.

Windows 95 & 98 (Windows 2000) are the most popular user-oriented operating systems with a friendly interface and multitasking capabilities. The usage of Windows 95 and its enhanced version Windows 98 is so simple that even little kids learn how to use it very quickly. Windows 95 and 98 are DOS compatible, so all programs written for DOS may work under the new operating system.

Windows 95 requires 486 processor with 16 megabytes of RAM or Pentium 75-90 with 40 megabytes of free hard disk space.

9. with a click of a mouse одним щелчком кнопки мыши

General understanding:

1)What problems faced programmers in the 1940's and 1950's?

2)Why were the first programs «complex» and «time-consuming»?

3)What are the basic functions of operating system?

4)What does the abbreviation DOS mean?

5)What company developed the first version of DOS operating system? For what purpose was it done? Was the new operational system successful?

6)What is the difference between the PC-DOS and MS-DOS

7)What does the abbreviation NT stand for? Is NT DOS-compatible? What are the basic requirements for NT?

8)Who is the developer of OS/2?

9)What makes UNIX so different from the other operational systems?

10)What are the special features of Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000?

I. Match the following:

1) Like NT, ... is DOS compatible and provides a graphical user interface that lets you run programmes with a click of a mouse.

2)... is the most commonly used PC operating system

3)... is a multi-user operating system that allows multiple users to access the system

4)... is an operating system developed by Microsoft, an enhanced version of the popular Microsoft Windows programs.

5) The usage of... is so simple that even little kids learn how to use it very quickly.

a)UNIX

b)DOS

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c)NT

d)OS/2

e)Windows 95

II. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.

1)When computers were first introduced in 40's and 50's programmers had to write programs to instruct CD-ROMs, laser printers and scanners.

2)The operational system controls and manages the use of the hardware and the memory.

3)There are no commands available in operating systems, they are only in word processors.

4)Microsoft developed MS-DOS to compete with IBM's PC-DOS.

5)NT requires computers with 486 CPU and 16 M random access memory.

6)OS/2 is DOS compatible because it was developed by Microsoft.

7)Traditionally, UNIX was run by many users simultaneously.

8)Windows 95 and Windows 98 are DOS compatible and have very «friendly» and convenient interface.

XV. Translate into English:

1)Современные операционные системы контролируют использование системного оборудования, например принтера и мыши.

2)С точки зрения пользователя, операционные системы PC-DOS и MS-DOS идентичны, с равными возможностями и набором системных команд.

3)OS/2 является DOS - совместимой операционной системой, позволяющей запускать программы при помощи графического интерфейса пользователя.

4)Дополнительные программы для работы с устройствами системного оборудования были очень сложны и поглощали много времени.

5)Операционная система также позволяет запускать программы, такие как простейший текстовый редактор.

6)DOS - наиболее распространенная операционная система для персонального компьютера.

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Questions for group discussion:

1)Why do you think Bill Gates, President of Microsoft Company is one of the richest people on the Earth?

2)Judging from your experience tell if UNIX is used nowadays? What about OS/2?

3)Ask the students in your group who have experience working with Windows 95 and Windows 98 about the advantages and disadvantages of these operational systems.

Text B: WINDOWS 95

Windows is a new operational system with an easy interface based on the expanding windows principle which uses icons to graphically represent files and their types.

Windows makes the way you and your computer interact easy. Most everyday tasks are now easier to accomplish than ever before. For example, the second mouse button has become a powerful weapon. The old Windows 3.0 Program Manager and File Manager have been replaced. The desktop tools that replace them are very like those found on a Macintosh. For example, there is a Recycle Bin that makes it easier to recover accidentally deleted files.

Your computer probably will crash less running Windows 95 than it did with Windows 3. 1 and 3. 0 or even DOS. Most memory related problems have been removed. Built-in networking features make it easy to reliably share files with co-workers across the room or across the world. And MSDOS as we know it is so well hidden that you'll rarely give it a thought. Yes, you can still run DOS programs and older Windows applications but most users will probably want to spend most of their time using Windows 95 applications instead.

Microsoft says that it is moving forward to the time when we'll all think more about our data and less about the specific name-brand programs used to create them.

Window plug-and-play capability makes it easy to upgrade your computer hardware. And portable computer users will like what Microsoft has done to make their lives calmer.

A new Windows shortcuts capability makes it easy to reach frequently used files and other necessities. A new Find feature helps you to locate and examine the contents of files in a flash.