Файл: Н.Н. Курпешко Методические указания для обучения устной речи на английском языке (практическое пособие для студентов-магистров).pdf

I. Read and translate international words and word-combinations. Ask your partner to translate them from Russian into English.

Dissertation, original idea, to organize information and data, to criticize ideas and information, hypothesis and experiments, objective, style, methods and techniques, to start, to direct, to collect facts, apparatus, final analysis, to interpret, tables and diagrams, practical tests, alphabetically, separately, modern, effective, objective, to reflect, an opponent, to sum, adequate data, illustrations, bibliography.

II. Read the text and speak on the technique of paper writing

Some Hints on Paper Writing

Use an outline. By the time you decide to write a report or paper you know in general what you want to say, but a written list of your ideas can help you get started. Try to make some kind of outline; many writers have found this plan useful.

An outline can take any form, from а list of words to a summary with major heading, subheadings, the first sentence of each paragraph. Instead of a formal outline, you can prepare something like a scheme to

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keep your paper on a straight course (or at least a planned one). If you have an excellent memory, you don't need an outline, but thoughts can occur in such a jumble (беспорядок) that some kind of a written plan usually helps. Then you can insert a new thought at the point in your outline where it fits best. You can work on it later.

Make an introduction concise and interesting. The introduction is the most important part of your paper. A clear, concise introduction should let the reader decide whether to read your report or paper or to use his time for something else. You can't control the reader's mood (настроение) when he first sees your paper. But you can describe your subject in a way that let him learn a little about it quickly.

To make a good first impression you must try to be even more concise and interesting than in the rest of your paper. If your paper contains new facts or new interpretations of old facts, say so in the introduction. Words and phrases like "new", "important development", "how to cut costs" attract the reader’s attention. But if you use such words be sure that you keep your promise (обещание). A good introduction often includes a sentence starting: "The purpose of this paper is...". Such a statement is concise and quickly understood. But to write it you must know your subject well.

Remember that your readers are all volunteers: they read because they want to, not because they are directed to. So you must persuade (убеждать) them to read your paper.

III. Read the text and speak on the technique of thesis writing based on one’s original research work.

Thesis Writing

A thesis is a long piece of writing, based on your own ideas and research, that you do as a part of a university degree. A thesis is based on original research which you do in libraries, laboratories, in mines and at enterprises. A thesis requires much time for a research, an organization of information and final writing. An adviser helps you choose the topic for your dissertation and make an outline, gives directions for your research.

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While working at one’s thesis one should use some technique of research:

•First comes the thought or idea that starts the research.

•The second step is collecting facts. Graduates study papers of other scientists, work in libraries, in laboratories or at enterprises. They make measurements, record the data, carry out observations, take readings of the apparatus.

•Then graduates process the data obtained and sum up them into tables and diagrams.

•The next step is putting forward a hypothesis.

•A practical test of the hypothesis is followed.

•Then comes organizing the facts.

•The final step is writing the thesis. A successful researcher is to consolidate information from various sources into his thesis and draw his own conclusions.

IV. Read and train minidialogues. Make up your own dialogues on the topics.

I

-How many chapters does your thesis consist of?

-It consists of three chapters.

-How is the subject-matter in your thesis arranged?

-Besides the three chapters there is an introduction and a conclusion.

-What problems are the chapters devoted to?

-In the first chapter I analyze different facts and ideas on the anchor bolt problem. In the second one I describe the experiment and its data or results. And in the third one I organize the facts and interpret them.

-Do you make any conclusions in the third chapter?- Sure, I do.

II

-I haven’t seen you lately. What have you been doing?

-I’ve been working hard, you know. I’m through with writing my thesis.

-That’s great! Congratulations.

-Thank you. There is still some work to be done. I’m to arrange all the references alphabetically.

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-Are there any tables and diagrams in your thesis?

-Yes, there are some. And they should be given separately at the end of the thesis.

V.Agree or disagree. Give your reasons.

•A dissertation is a long essay that graduates do as a part of a degree.

•The aim of a thesis is to describe the facts of nature.

•Modern ideas are often difficult to imagine.

•Scientific imagination is sometimes useless and even harmful.

•Scientific imagination should be based upon the laws of physics.

•Communication is important for scientific research. The results of research become scientific when they are published.

•The aim of a scientist is to create and criticize ideas and information.

•It is impossible to prove a hypothesis without making an experiment.

•A thesis should be objective and the style should prove this objectivity.

•One method or an experiment can’t be considered as final.

VI. Describe the structure of your thesis. Make use of the following points as a guide for your talk:

-the subject-matter of your research work;

-the headline of your thesis;

-the purpose of an introductory part;

-the number of chapters in the thesis;

-the title of each chapter;

-the problem(s) each chapter is devoted to;

-the aim of the conclusion;

-illustrations, tables, diagrams;

-references.

VII. Characterize one of the publications you have just read. Use some of the following speech patterns.

1. The book (handbook, text-book, article, essay) to be discussed is … The discussed book (volume, etc.) is . . .

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The title (heading, headline) of the book is . . .

2.The articles represent papers (reports) given at the conference.

3.The author (editor, publisher) of the book is . . .

4.The book was published (edited) in (the year, the country, etc.) The article originally appeared (in Russia, abroad, in a journal).

5.The author is a well-known (distinguished, outstanding) scientist in the field of . . .

The author is a Nobel (State, Kuzbass) prize winner.

6.The book consists of ... (10) chapters (sections, parts, articles). The text contains (includes, falls into) . . . (3) parts.

7.The heading (title, headline) of the section (part) is . . .

8.The book (the text) contains a summary (a list of references, a large amount of useful information).

9.The book (the text) is addressed to scientific workers (professional scientists, undergraduates, post-graduates, those working in the

field of ..., those studying the problems of ..., those familiar with…). 10. The book (the text) is written (designated) for researchers.

11. The subject of the book is . . . (includes, is devoted to) . . .

The topic (theme) of the book (research, investigation, thesis) is . . .

12. The main idea of the text is to show ...

The purpose (aim, object) of the book is to provide . . .

The book aims to provide (acquaint, present, show) . . .

13. The subject-matter of the book relates (is devoted) to … The subject-matter of the book falls into two parts.

14. The book (the text, the author) discusses (deals with, is concerned with, covers, considers, gives consideration to, describes, gives an accurate description of, outlines, emphasizes) the problem of . . .

15. The book (the text) provides the reader with some data (some material, some information, some details) on ..., an introduction to, discussion (a study, a summary) of ..., a useful bibliography,

a list (set) of references, key references.

16. A careful account (a detailed description) is given of the theory (problem, method).

Much (little) attention is given to . . .

17. Of particular (special, great, little) interest is the method (theory, discussion, treatment) of . . .

Of great (little) importance is the method of . . .

It is notable (fortunate, a mistake, a disappointment) that . . .

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18. The book begins with a discussion of (chapter on, introduction to, introductory discussion of) . . .

The book begins with introductory notes (remarks). 19. The book ends with a discussion of . . .

In conclusion (in summary, summarizing) the author . . .

20. The book is profusely (poorly) illustrated with diagrams (tables, colour plates, photographs, sketches).

21. The author (editor) is to be congratulated on the success (the timeliness) of the book, producing this book.

22.The author has succeeded in showing (providing, presenting) the results of . . .

23.The author failed to show (to provide, to present, to give an account of, to direct our attention to) ...

24.The author (editor, publisher, proof-reader) is to blame for the

drawbacks in the book.

The book suffers from some mistakes (errors, limitations, shortcomings, careless proof-reading).

25.In spite of these drawbacks the book is a useful reference work (a valuable source of ready information).

In spite of some drawbacks the book is useful (helpful) to . . .

UNIT IV

LIBRARIES AS AN INTEGRAL PART

OF DOING RESEARCH

I. Read and translate. Mind international words.

Egypt, Assyria, Greece and Rome, Russian monasteries, Washington, to serve interests of universities and colleges, information center, to relax and discuss problems, to function efficiently, to record cataloguing information, combination of elements, to collect ancient manuscripts and periodicals, computer database, a catalogue structure, college professors, professionally collected and published bibliography, magnetic effects, intellectual system, alternative methods, Congress committees, computer-generated bibliographies, the role of the public, electronical communication, printed indexes and catalogs, classification of terms and citations, to indicate optimal options, distribution of catalogue cards, traditional techniques, to consult a qualified person

II. Read the text. Be ready to answer the questions on its subjectmatter.

Libraries

The word library comes from the Latin word libre, meaning “book”. This is a place where information (books, manuscripts,