My hobby is computer games and computer programming. I have a computer at home and can spend hours working at it. It is much easier to do things on computer, for example to write a composition. You can change the text as many times as you want and you don't need to rewrite everything if you changed something.

I think that the profession of programmer can give many opportunities. Computers are the most rapidly changing sphere of modern technology. Today, in England or in the US people can work, go shopping or even go on dates sitting at their computers.

So that’s why I finished school and entered the Astrakhan College of Building and Economics and now I study computer science.

II. Read and translate the text “I want to be a land manager”

I want to be a land manager. My dad is a land manager and he told me a lot about this profession.

Land management is the process of managing the use and development of land resources. If you work as a land manager you can improve the efficiency of land resource use to support the rapidly growing population of many countries.

Also you provide incentives for development, including the provision of residential housing and basic infrastructure such as sewer and water facilities.

I like the nature in my region very much and this job includes protecting the natural environment from degradation. I am interested in the economics and that’s the other reason I picked this profession because it provides equitable and efficient access to the economic benefits of land and real estate markets and supports government services through taxation and fees related to land and improvements.

So now I study land management in the Astrakhan College of Building and Economics.

III. Read and translate the text “I want to be a cadastre”

I decided to become a cadastre and I entered the Astrakhan College of Building and Economics. The Cadastre is the primary means of providing information about property rights.

More specifically, the Cadastre provides the private and public sector with: information identifying those people who have interests in parcels of land; information about those interests (e.g. nature and duration of rights, restrictions, and responsibilities); information about the parcels (e.g. their location, size, improvements, value).

I also know that graphical indices of these parcels, known as cadastral maps, show the relative location of all parcels in a given region. Large maps show buildings, irrigation units. Land value, ownership, or use, can be accessed by the unique parcel codes shown on the cadastral map.

The profession of a cadastre plays an important role in the regulation of land use. Land use regulations stipulate conditions for the initial establishment of a parcel, the use to which the land will be put, parcel size, the necessary access to water and sewerage, roads, etc.

I hope I will become a good specialist.

IV. Read and translate the text “I want to be an architect”

I was always fond of painting and sculpture. When I was little I used to draw plans of my dream houses. That’s why it wasn’t hard for me to decide what profession to choose.

An architect is a licensed professional who organizes space. Architects design houses, office buildings, banks, kindergartens, hospitals, trade centers, skyscrapers, landscapes, and even entire cities.

Architects are trained in many areas, from historic preservation to structural engineering.

Architects design buildings, but a "Building Designer" is not usually a licensed architect. I think it’s great to design a building and give it any shape I want, add windows and doors make a roof, and choose building materials I want.

I think I will be a professional building designer, or home designer, so I will specialize in designing single family homes. I can’t wait until I finish my education and get a job.

V. Read and translate the text “I want to be a builder”

I study in the Astrakhan College of Building and Economics and I will become a builder. I think that the profession of a builder is very important in nowadays.

This profession will always be available. Many houses are building in my city every day. I am sure that some day everyone will live in good conditions with all modern conveniences – such as central heating and ventilation, air-conditioning, hot and cold water system, gas, and electricity.

And this will be possible with the help of the builders. First of all the cadastres make a cadastral map, then land managers do their job. After the architect’s design of a future construction is done, the builders begin its work.

To be a builder means to know many things such as building materials, its properties and usage, methods of building, equipment and materials, many rules and so one. But I am sure I will learn about everything and be a very good builder.

UNIT 3

LEXICAL MATERIAL: My City

I. Read and translate the text “My city”

Hello! I am Vova, I am a native resident of Astrakhan. I like my city very much and the reason I was born here is not the main. I like Astrakhan because I feel it to be my city.

Astrakhan is situated on the Volga River near the Caspian Sea. It emerged hundreds of years ago on twelve islands at the place where the Great Russian River joins the Caspian Sea.

At present Astrakhan region covers 44.1 thousand square kilometers. 1 million people live in Astrakhan. The city has common borders with Kazakhstan, Kalmyk Republic and Volgograd region. The astrakhan region is situated near the Caucasus and there is a sea border with Azerbaijan, Dagestan, Iran and Turkmenia. That is why people of different nationalities live here.

Astrakhan is an important sea port and it is the center of ship-building. The city is famous for its fisheries.

There are many educational establishments in Astrakhan so a school leaver has many options where to study.

The climate is called continental so we have cold winters with really annoying winds and extremely hot summers. There is Astrakhan State Reserve located in the delta of the Volga where wide scientific-research work is being carried out, concerning many birds and rare plants, lotus included. Lotus is a very rare flower which can be found in a very few place and that is why the emblem of the city is Lotus.

I think my city is very unique and special and I love it very much.

II. Answer the questions

1. Why does Vova like Astrakhan?

2. Where did Astrakhan emerge hundreds of years ago?

3. How many kilometers does Astrakhan region cover?

4. What common borders does Astrakhan have?

5. Why do people of many nationalities live in Astrakhan?

6. How is the climate called and what’s the weather like in winter and summer?

7. What rare flower grows in Astrakhan region?

III. Find the equivalents in English in the text

Житель, чувствовать, располагаться, основываться, остров, соединяться, регион, общий, граница, национальность, выпускник, выбор, континентальный, заповедник, дельта, научно-исследовательская работа, редкий, эмблема, уникальный.

IV. Find in the text the lines that show the uniqueness of Astrakhan region.

For example: Astrakhan is famous for its fisheries.

V. Read the text “Astrakhan’s history” and answer the questions

Astrakhan’s history

The history of Astrakhan dates back to the 13^th century when a small settlement appeared on the banks of the river Volga. Astrakhan was founded in 1558 but it doesn’t mean there were no towns on the territory of modern Astrakhan region. Since old times there have been different settlements of nomadic tribes. There was a state of Khazars, with the capital Itil. At about 140 km from modern Astrakhan there was an ancient capital of the Golden Hords – Sarai-batu – that of the great and powerful empire of tatar-mongols. Great battles were on this territory among Slavs, Pechenegs, Khazars and Polovets.

The history of the present Astrakhan began only in the 16^th century. And it is closely connected with the history of the Kremlin. It was built in 1552 and this data is considered to the beginning of Astrakhan’s history, which is very rich.

The left bank of the river was chosen for the Kremlin and the center of the town because it was the most suitable place for the fortress where Astrakhan was at that time.

Answer the questions

1. When did the history of Astrakhan begin?

2. When was Astrakhan found?

3. What settlements lived on the territory of modern Astrakhan region?

4. What capitals were there?

5. What battles were on the territory?

6. When did the history of the modern astrakhan begin?

7. When was the Kremlin built?

8. Why was the left bank of Volga chosen for the Kremlin?

VI. Agree or disagree. Prove your point of view.

1. The history of Astrakhan dates back to the 11^th century when a small settlement appeared on the banks of the river Volga.

2. Astrakhan was founded in 1558 and there were no towns on the territory of modern Astrakhan region.

3. Since old times there have been different settlements of nomadic tribes.

4. At about 140 km from modern Astrakhan there was an ancient capital of the Golden Hords – Itil.

5. The history of the present Astrakhan began when the Kremlin was built.

6. The right bank of the river was chosen for the Kremlin.

VII. Retell the text “Astrakhan’s history”

GRAMMAR: The Past Continuous Tense

Прошедшее длительное время употребляется для:

• Выражения действия, протекавшего в определенный момент в прошлом, который обозначен либо обстоятельном времени, либо другим действием в прошлом:

EX: I was watching a TV show at 5 o’clock.

В 5 часов я смотрел ТВ-шоу.

I was watching a TV show when she came.

Я смотрел ТВ-шоу, когда она пришла.

• Выражения длительного действия, протекавшего в определенный период времени в прошлом (all day long last Saturday – весь день в прошлую субботу, the whole day yesterday – весь вчерашний день).

EX: I was watching a TV-show the whole day yesterday.

Вчера весь день я смотрел ТВ-шоу.

Прошедшее длительное время образуется:

TO BE (в Past Simple) + Participle I

EX: I was working at 5 o’clock.

Для построения вопросительной и отрицательной формы используется вспомогательный глагол to be в прошедшем времени (was, were)

EX: Was I working at 5 o’clock? I was not working at 5 o’clock.

EXERCISES

EXERCISE 1. Make up your own examples (10 sentences) with the use of The Past Continuous Tense

EXERCISE 2. Explain the usage of the Past Continuous Tense. Translate the sentences.

1. It was snowing when we went out. 2. I wasn’t reading that book on holidays. 3. These people were being so kind to us when we visited them. 4. While my granny was making tea in the kitchen I laid the table. 5. She was helping me during my exam session. 6. It was December. Christmas was coming. 7. Jennie was having her gymnastic class at ten o’clock in the morning. 8. The phone rang when I was cooking supper. 9. Dennis was repairing the TV-set when I came. 10. They were discussing a very important question and that’s why they didn’t call you back.

EXERCISE 3. Complete the sentences like it’s shown in the example:

… at ten o’clock yesterday.

I was reading a book at ten o’clock yesterday.

1. … at 7 o’clock last Sunday.

2. … when you called me.

3. … when the postman came.

4. … last weekend on Saturday.

5. … when my mother cooked dinner.

6. … yesterday at four o’clock.

7. … last summer in June.

8. … in last October.

EXERCISE 4. Put the following sentences into interrogative form; give short positive and negative answers to them.

1. She was sending an email when I saw her. 2. He was talking to the teacher before the lunch. 3. They were laughing at him when he dropped the book. 4. The girl was crying when he broke her doll. 5. I was playing with my sister when my friend came up. 6. I was doing my homework the whole day yesterday. 7. I was sleeping until the alarm clock woke me up. 8. I was collecting stamps until I turned ten.

EXERCISE 5. Open the brackets giving the right form of the verb – Past Simple or Past Continuous

1. Adam was not at home at six o’clock. He (to work) 2. The exam (to be) difficult, and he (to feel) sick. 3. While he (to have) a swim, somebody (to come) and (to take) away the clothes. 4. What you (to do) at eight o’clock last night? 5. It (to pour) when I (to decide) to walk out my dog. 6. When the telephone (to ring) she (to sleep). 7. Andy (to drop) the keys when he (to open) the door. 8. From nine to twelve they (to work) that night. 9. She (to feel) that something strange (to happen). 10. It (to be) a pleasant evening. The fire (to burn), the romantic music (to play).

EXERCISE 6. Translate into English, using The Past Continuous Tense.

1. Я спешил на работу, когда встретил своего старого друга. 2. Когда зазвонил телефон, они обсуждали этот вопрос. 3. Когда я вышел из комнаты, они играли в шахматы. 4. Они сидели за столом, когда я начал эту историю. 5. В 10 утра мы слушали радио. 6. Мы путешествовали, когда получили письмо от родителей. 7. Вы переводили статью или готовились к контрольной в 2 часа? 8. Когда я подошел к нему, он разговаривал по мобильному телефону (cell phone). 9. В машине никого не было, но мотор работал. 10. Когда девочка играла во дворе, она потеряла свои перчатки.

EXERCISE 7. Open the brackets using the verbs in The Present Continuous Tense or the Past Continuous Tense.

1. I (to write) an English exercise now. 2. I (to write) an English exercise at this time yesterday. 3. My little sister (to sleep) now. 4. My little sister (to sleep) at this time yesterday. 5. My friends (not to do) their homework now; they (to play) volleyball. 6. My friends (not to do) their homework at 7 o’clock yesterday. 7. You (to eat) ice cream now? 8. You (to eat) ice cream when I rang you up yesterday. 9. What your father (to do) now? 10. What your father (to do) from 8 till 9 yesterday.

EXERCISE 8. Open the brackets using the verbs in The Past Simple Tense or The Past Continuous Tense.

1. I (to play) computer games yesterday. 2. I (to play) computer games from 2 till 3 yesterday. 3. I (to play) computer games at 5 o’clock yesterday. 4. We (to play) computer games the whole evening yesterday. 5. What Nick (to do) when you came to his place? 6. What you (to do) when I rang you up? 7. I (not to sleep) at 9 o’clock yesterday. 8. What he (to do) yesterday? He (to read) a book. 9. What he (to do) the whole evening yesterday? He (to read) a book.10. She (to sleep) when you came home. 11. My brother (not to play) tennis yesterday. He (to play) tennis the day before yesterday. 12. When I came into the kitchen, mother (to cook). 13. He (to get up) at 7 o’clock yesterday. 14. Father (to come) home at 6 o’clock yesterday. 15. When the teacher (to open) the door of the classroom, the students (to sit) at their desks.

ADDITIONAL STUDY: Astrakhan

I. Read the text “Astrakhan’s cultural life”

Astrakhan’s cultural life

The cultural life of Astrakhan is very rich and many aspect. First of all we have the Kremlin, a very beautiful architectural monument. Many tourists come to see it from many other cities. The Kremlin has a great church.

There are also many museums in Astrakhan. People that visit a museum always find out something very interesting in the sphere of history, traditions and customs. The most popular and visited museums are Museum of Local Lore, Museum of Military Glory, Museum of Chernishevskyi, Kustodiev’s Picture Gallery and many others.

There are also many theatres in Astrakhan – Drama Theatre, Theatre of Young Spectator, Summer Touring Theatre, Puppet Theatre and so on.

As for young people and teenagers it’s obvious that nowadays they know what to do in the city. In the afternoon hundred of clubs and sport sections are opened for them. In the evening they may have fun in a thousand of cafes or go to see a movie, play bowling, billiard, slot machines. At night during weekends young people of the city like to spend in a night club, where you can dance, rest, communicate with the others.

So there are a lot of cultural places to visit in Astrakhan.

II. Answer the questions

1. What ancient architectural monument is there in Astrakhan?

2. What are the most popular and visited museums?

3. Are there any theatres in Astrakhan? Name them.

4. What can teenagers do in the daytime in the city?

5. Where can one go and enjoy oneself at night?

III. Make up dialogues about your cultural life in Astrakhan

For example: “I like to go to the cinema center ‘October’. I think it’s a great place to have a rest, see a new movie”

“I agree. When I go there I always visit winter garden. I like the exotic trees and birds”

IV. Read, translate and play out the dialogue

Anna: “Hey, how are you?”

Dima: “Good, thank you. And you?”

Anna: “Just great. I haven’t seen you for ages. Where were you hiding?”

Dima: “Well, you know here and there. I spend most of the time in my college”

Anna: “Yes, I know. Education takes a lot of time. Do you remember when we were in school we used to spend so much time together”

Dima: “I know what you mean. When it was warm in the spring right after the classes we went to the Swan Lake and did our homework there”

Anna: “Sometimes we could spend the whole Sunday in the center of the city. We met on the Lenin’s square near the large fountain, went for a walk to the Kremlin, and then went shopping in the Central Mall …”

Dima: “Right! Then we had a lunch in a cafe. Then we bought ice-cream and sat on a bench. And when it was getting darker we bought tickets and there …”

Anna: “Went to the cinema “October”, where we played in slot machines, got popcorn and went to see a movie’

Dima: “Those were very good times, don’t you think?”

Anna: “Absolutely. I think we should do it one more time. Let’s call our old classmates and have the best day n our life”

Dima: “What a great idea”

V. Read the text about Astrakhan Kremlin

Astrakhan’s Kremlin

The Heart of Astrakhan is the Kremlin, a wonderful architectural ensemble. It is a famous monument of the Russian architecture and military engineering art of the end of the 16^th century.

The Astrakhan Kremlin covers the territory of eleven hectares, the perimeter of it is 154 meters, and its walls are between seven and eleven meters high. The Kremlin was used as peculiar and the most absolute system for defense. There were three rows of cannon loop-holes. Through these loop-holes the defenders could deliver fire.

Uspenskyi cathedral is 75 meters high. It has 5 gold domes. In its outward mounting there are features of early baroque. From the west the place of execution, the so-called “Lobnoye Mesto” joined the cathedral. The Tsar decrees and sentences were announced here. Troitskyi cathedral consists of three churches: Troitskaya, Sretenskaya, Vedenskaya and two refectory chambers.

The Kremlin with its golden domes attracts everybody’s attention and makes a strong impression on tourists and quests of the city.

Vocabulary

ensemble - ансамбль

military - военный

peculiar - особенный

defense - защита

row - ряд

cannon - пушка

loop-hole - бойница

dome - купол

sentence - приговор

to announce - провозглашать

refectory - трапезная

to attract - привлекать

impression - впечатление

VI. Answer the questions

1. Why is the Kremlin called the heart of Astrakhan?

2. What territory does it cover?

3. How was the Kremlin used?

4. How does the Uspenskyi cathedral look like?

5. What does Troitskyi cathedral consist of?

VII. On the basis of the texts in this unit write a composition called “My Astrakhan” using some additional information

VIII. Retell your composition

UNIT 4

LEXICAL MATERIAL: My country

I. Read and translate the text

My country

Hi! My name is Olga. I live in the most beautiful and great country – Russia. My country is large, it occupies a large territory. It stretches almost ten thousand kilometers from east to west and nearly five thousand kilometers from north to south. Its population is one hundred and fifty million people.

My country is so huge that Russian people see the New Year in eleven times in one night. If you begin to travel in the Far East by air and fly eight thousand kilometers towards the west, you will land in Moscow on the same hour same day that you left the Far East. Russia is the world's largest country. Russia covers almost twice the territory of either the United States or China.

The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is a political, administrative, economic, industrial, educational and cultural centre of the country. The Kremlin is the centre of the city. It is the historical heart of Moscow. Its redbrick walls and towers were erected at the end of the 15th century. The former Senate building, the Kremlin Great Palace, and the modern Palace of Congresses are located within the walls of the Kremlin.

There is no over countries in which the climate differs so much from one part to another. And it makes Russia very unique. When it is still winter in the northern regions of our country the first warm days arrive in the south. In the central regions show storms and cold are still in power, while in the south people begin to think of spring crops. In the same season nature looks different in different parts of our country.

Today the state Russian flag is three colored. It has three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. The white stripe symbolizes the earth, the blue one stands for the sky, and the red one signifies liberty. It was the first state symbol to replace the former symbols in 1991. The hymn of Russia is created by Alexandrov and Mikhalkov.

Russian is the official language in my country, but not the only language which people speak in the country. Members of more than 60 other ethnic groups who live in Russia speak their own languages.

Literature, music, and dance have always occupied the most important places in Russian cultural life. The country's best-known writers are - Aleksandr Pushkin, Nikolay Gogol, Ivan Turgenev, Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Anton Chekhov, Boris Pasternak. They are popular throughout the world. The greatest Russian composers are Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, and Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky.

I love Russia warmly and the reason is it’s my homeland.

Vocabulary

to occupy – занимать

to stretch – простираться

population – население

to cover – покрывать

former – бывший

to symbolize – символизировать

II. Answer the questions to the text written below

1. How long does the territory of Russia stretch?

2. How huge is Russia in comparison with other countries in the world?

3. What is Moscow famous for?

4. What is the climate like in Russia?

5. What are the symbols of Russia?

6. Who created the hymn of Russia?

7. What languages do people speak in Russia?

8. Who are the best-known Russian writers and composers?

III. Speak about what else you know about Russia and how unique it is

IV. Make up a summary of the text and retell it

V. Association game. Speak about associations that come to your mind when you think about:

For example: Associations when I hear Russian nature: beautiful fields in the spring time, bright flowers, dark woods, long dark blue rivers, …

• Russian climate;

• Russian people;

• Russian humor;

• Russian way of life;

• Russia’s good sides;

• Russia’s bad sides

GRAMMAR: The Future Simple Tense

Будущее простое время употребляется для выражения однократного или повторяющегося обычного действия или ряда последовательных действий в будущем.

На будущее время в предложении могут указывать обстоятельства времени: tomorrow – завтра, next week (year, month) – через неделю (год, месяц), in a few days – через несколько дней, и т.д.

Образование The Future Simple Tense:

Shall (will) + инфинитив без частицы to

Shall употребятся для первого лица, т.е. I shall do, we shall do.

Для построения вопросительной и отрицательной формы используются вспомогательные глаголы shall (will):

EX: I shall go to the university tomorrow.

Shall I go to the university tomorrow?

I shall not go to the university tomorrow.

He will be in the office next week.

Will he be in the office next week?

He will not be in the office next week.

EXERCISES

EXERCISE 1. Make up your own examples with the usage of The Future Simple Tense (10 – 15 sentences)

EXERCISE 2. Read and translate the following sentences. Explain the usage of the Future Simple Tense.

1. Without your smile the sun won't shine, and if the sun doesn't shine, the birds won't sing. And if the birds don't sing, no one will bother to get out of bed, and if no one gets out of bed, the world will be a dull, lifeless place! 2. Wait a moment. I shall call my chief. 3. That's against the law! I shall complain to the sheriff. 4. Well, what shall we do next? 5. Let's go there, shall we? 6. Keep your mouth shut, will you? 7. - Drive carefully, it's foggy today. - Don't worry, I will. 8. Will you marry me? 9. I won't give you your money back. 10. They will be here soon. 11. When will the concert start? 12. - What about the bill? - He will pay by credit Card. 13. Will you follow me, please. 14. If someone calls, I shall be out in the garden. 15. - Shall I put the kettle on? - No, thank you, Mary will do it. 16. I'm afraid, it will be foggy tomorrow.

EXERCISE 3. Insert shall/will into the sentences and translate them

1. ... it rain tomorrow? If it does, I... take an umbrella. 2. - How old ... you be on your next birthday? - I ... be thirteen. 3. — ... I do shopping today, Mum? - Oh no, Dad ... do it. 4. There ... be a lot of interesting people in your life. 5. She has eaten three pizzas. I hope she ... be ill 6. Gloria ... be a superstar one day. 7. It's unjust! I ... complain to the director. 8. I ... do it. I ... certainly got good money for this work. 9. ... you shut up! 10. ... they join us? 11. - I hope you ... like my present, Mum. - I'm sure I ... . 12. When you are ready, I ... take you to dinner at the Continental. 13. I ... never forget tonight as long as I live. 14. - What ... we buy Dad for Ins birthday? - I ... think about it.

EXERCISE 4. Continue the following sentences

1. Catherine is going to visit her aunt when ... . 2. I'll call you as soon as ... . 3. When I'm in Paris next month, ... . 4. Before we go to bed tonight, ... . 5. My life will be easy after ... .6. Scott is going to call his friend as soon as ... .7. My mother will watch this serial till ... . 8. As soon as I get home tonight, ... . 9. She is going to eat dinner before ... . 10. The teacher will get here as soon as ... .11. Ann is going to buy a new pair of shoes when ... .12. We shall go on a picnic after ... . 13. I shall tell you something when ... . 14. If Mum goes downtown tomorrow morning, ... . 15. Unless you get up at 5 a.m., ... .

EXERCISE 5. Paraphrase the following sentences like its shown in the example and continue them

EX: Maybe it'll be nice tomorrow. - If it

is nice tomorrow, I shall go to the park.

1. Maybe it'll snow next week. 2. Perhaps it'll be too late in an hour. 3. Maybe the boss will have more time after lunch. 4. Maybe it won't rain in the morning. 5. Evidently everybody will leave at the end of the week. 6. Maybe we'll have enough money some day. 7. Maybe father will have some free time on Saturday. 8. Maybe David won't come to class tomorrow. 9. Perhaps you'll be hungry after class. 10. Maybe he'll win the contest. 11. Maybe she will marry this fellow. 12. Perhaps this doctor will help you.

EXERCISE 6. Choose the correct variant. Translate into Russian.

1. - I’ve got a terrible headache.
- Wait there and I (shall/will) get an aspirin for you.
2. - We’ve decided to re-paint the room.
- What color (will you/shall you) paint it?
3. - Look! There is smoke coming out of the house. It’s on fire.
- Oh, I (shall/will) call the fire brigade immediately.
4. - I don’t know how to use this camera.
- It’s easy. I (shall/will) show you.
5. - What would you like to drink?
- I (shall/will) have tea, please.
6. - Did you post a letter?
- Oh, I’m sorry, I forgot. I (shall/will) do it in a minute.
7. - What shall we have for dinner?
- I don’t know. Maybe we (shall/will) have some fried fish with potatoes.

EXERCISE 7. Open the brackets using the verbs in the Present Continuous, Present Simple or Future Simple

I. He (to go) to the theatre tomorrow. 2. We (to go) lo school in the morning. 3. Look! Kate (to go) to school. 4. You (to help) your mother tomorrow? 5.1 (not to play) the guitar now 6. My brother (to play) the guitar every evening. 7. They (not to take) care of the garden next sum­mer. 8. You (to like) apples? 9. You (to eat) apples tomor­row? 10. Nick (to read) many books. 11. Mother (to work) every day. 12. He (not to sleep) now. 13. Your brother (to go) to the exhibition next Sunday? 14. We (not to go) to the zoo tomorrow. 15. I (not to learn) the poem now. 16. She (to live) in San Francisco. 17. My father (to shoot) very well. 18. He is very strong. Look! He (to carry) a very heavy box. 19. My sister (not to like) coffee. 20. When you (to go) to bed every day? 21. What he (to read) now? 22. What he (to read) every day? 23. What he (to read) tomorrow? 24. Where she (to go) tomorrow? 25. You (to give) me this book tomorrow?

EXERCISE 8. Open the brackets using the verbs in the Present Continuous, Present Simple or Future Simple

1. When you (to get) up every day? - I (to get) up at 7 o'clock. 2. My brother usually (not to get) up at 7 o'clock. As a rule he (to get) up at 6 o'clock, but tomorrow he (to get) up at 7 o'clock. 3. Why she (to come) home so late tomorrow? 4. We (to go) to the country the day after to­morrow. 5. Our friends always (to go) to the country for the week-end. 6. Look! The kitten (to play) with its tail. 7. Your parents (to watch) TV now? 8. My sister (not to rest) now. She (to help) mother in the kitchen. She (to help) mother in the kitchen every day. 9. Where she (to go) to­morrow? 10. She (to go) to the country with us tomorrow? 11. They (to stay) at home tomorrow. 12. What you (to do) now? 13. When you (to finish) your homework? 14. How you usually (to spend) evenings? 15. What you (to do) in the country next summer? 16. We (not to drink) tea now. 17. What your father (to drink) in the evening?

EXERCISE 9. Translate into English using the verbs in the Present Simple or Future Simple

1. Я приду домой в 6 часов. 2. Когда я приду домой, я позвоню вам. 3. Она позвонит вам вечером. 4. Если она позвонит вам, попросите ее принести мне книгу. 5. Я увижу Тома завтра. 6. Как только я увижу Тома, я расскажу ему об этом. 7. Я поеду в Париж на будущей неделе. 8. Перед тем как я поеду в Париж, я позвоню вам. 9. Он не пойдет в библиотеку сегодня вечером.10. Если он не пойдет в библиотеку, он будет дома.11. Мы будем дома завтра. 12. Если мы будем дома завтра, мы посмотрим эту программу по телевизору. 13. Ее не будет завтра дома. 14. Если ее не будет завтра дома, оставьте ей записку. 15. Завтра погода будет хорошая. 16. Если завтра погода будет хорошая, мы поедем за город. 17. Когда она приходит в школу, она снимает пальто. 18. Когда она придет в школу, она снимет пальто. 19. Как только он вспоминает эту смешную сцену, он начинает смеяться. 20. Как только он вспомнит эту смешную сцену, он начнет смеяться.

EXERCISE 10. Open the brackets using the verbs in the one of the tenses: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple or Future Simple

1. Mother (to cook) a very tasty dinner yesterday. 2. To­morrow Nick (not to go) to school. 3. Look! My friends (to play) football. 4. Kate (not to write) letters every day. 5. You (to see) your friend yesterday? 6. Your father (to go) on a business trip last month? 7. What Nick (to do) yesterday? 8. When Nick (to get) up every morning? 9. Where your mother (to go) tomorrow? 10. I (to invite) my friends to come to my place yesterday. 11. He (not to play) the piano tomorrow. 12. We (to see) a very good film last Sunday. 13. You (to cook) every day? 14. We (to make) a fire last summer. 15. I (to spend) last summer at the sea-shore. 16. Where you (to spend) last summer? 17. Where he (to spend) next summer? 18. My friend (to help) me yesterday. 18. What mother (to do) now? - She (to cook) dinner. 20.1 (not to play) computer games yesterday. 21. Last Sun­day we (to go) to the theatre. 22.1 (to meet) my friend yes­terday. 23. I (to write) a letter to my cousin yesterday. 24. You (to write) a dictation tomorrow? 25.I (not to write) a report now.

EXERCISE 11. Insert the verb to be in the Present, Past or Future Simple

1. My father ... a teacher. 2. He ... a pupil 20 years ago. 3.1 ... a doctor when I grow up. 4. My sister ... not ... at home tomorrow. 5. She ... at school tomorrow. 6.... you ... at home tomorrow? 7. ... your father at work yesterday? 8. My sister ... ill last week. 9. She ... not ill now. 10. Yester­day we ... at the theatre. 11. Where ... your mother now? -She ... in the kitchen. 12. Where ... you yesterday? - I... at the cinema. 13. When I come home tomorrow, all my family ... at home. 14.... your little sister in bed now? - Yes, she .... 15.... you ... at school tomorrow? - Yes, I.... 16. When my granny ... young, she ... an actress. 17. My friend ... in Moscow now. 18. He ... in St.Petersburg tomorrow. 19. Where ... your books now? - They ... in my bag.

ADDITIONAL STUDY: Russia

I. Read and translate the text “Holidays in Russia”

Holidays in Russia

There are many holidays and traditions in Russia. One of them is Maslenitsa. This holiday lasts for a week. Russian people celebrate it at the end of February or at the beginning of March. They say "goodbye" to winter on this holiday. During "Maslenitsa week" Russians always cook pancakes. It is a tradition to cook pancakes and eat them with fish, sour cream, caviar, honey, sugar, butter. During this holiday people celebrate the beginning of spring. They prepare fires and burn straw scarecrows of winter.

The other holiday is the 8th of March. It is a happy and nice holiday. It is a good tradition in our country to give presents and flowers to women on this day. Each family celebrates this spring holiday. In the morning men go to the shops or markets to buy some flowers. They try to clean flats and help women to cook a holiday dinner. Sons and daughters help their mothers too: they make a cake, lay the table and wash dishes after holiday dinner.

Some families celebrate the 8th of March going to the theatres and concerts. They buy tickets beforehand. Others prefer to invite guests and stay at home. There is almost the same holiday in England. It is called Mothers' Day and celebrated also in spring. Sons and daughters come and give gifts to their mothers on this day. If it is not possible to see a mother, one can send presents and cards to her. Flowers and cakes are the traditional gifts for all mothers in England.

The 1st of May is a spring holiday in our country. Usually it is warm during this day. The weather is fine. The trees are green. You can see some flowers in the parks and gardens.

Christmas falls on the 7th of January by the Orthodox Church. This holiday means the beginning of the New Year and the new life. Russian people celebrate this holiday with the evergreen tree - Christmas tree.

New Year's Day is the most popular holiday in Russia. Peter the First changed the Russian calendar in 1699. He made the 31st of December, 1699 the last day of the year. The first of January 1700 became New Year's Day. The New Year's Day is always connected with our new hopes and dreams.
It is a pleasant moment to get presents on the New Year's Eve.

II. Name other Russian holidays that you know how the Russians celebrate it

III. Speak about your favorite Russian Holiday and explain why you like it

IV. Prepare written reports on the following topics:

• Russian economy;

• Russian political life;

• Russian history;

• Russian culture;

• Russian literature;

• Russian painters;

• Russian meals;

• Russian sport

V. Retell your report

VI. Write a composition on the basis of the material learnt in this unit

VII. Retell your composition

UNIT 5

LEXIACAL MATERIAL: Great Britain

I. Read and translate the text

The UK

Hi, my name is Andrew. I am from the UK. The full name of my country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island. It is situated on the British Isles not far from Europe. It consists of the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of Ireland and a great number of small islands.
If you look at the map of Europe you will see that Great Britain is not large. It takes 6 hours to travel in a fast train, from London, the capital of England, to Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland.

There are 4 parts of Great Britain: England with the capital is London, Scotland with the capital Edinburgh, Wales with the capital is Cardiff and Northern Island with the capital Belfast. Great Britain lies not far from continent. It is separated from Europe by the North Sea and England Channel.

Great Britain has a very good geographical position, as it lies on the crossways of the sea routes from Europe to other parts of the World.
The sea connects Britain with most European countries such as: Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Norway, Russia and some other countries.

British climate is mild and damp. It often rains frogs are quit frequent especially in the West and south-west. The Gulf Stream a warm ocean current warms to seas around the British coast moderating the climate, giving it cold summers mild winters. The temperature in winter seldom falls below zero and the field and meadow are green all year round.

Great Britain is my homeland and I like it.

II. Answer the questions

1. What is the full name of the UK?

2. What does the UK consist of?

3. What capitals does each part of the UK have?

4. How is Great Britain separated from Europe?

5. Why does Great Britain have a very good geographical position?

6. What countries does the sea connect Britain with?

7. What is climate like in Britain?

III. Association game. Speak about what associations come to your mind when you hear:

• Great Britain;

• London;

• British people

IV. Read and translate the text “British food”

British Food

British food has a bad reputation in Europe. This is not entirely justified. Traditional home-cooked British food is as good as European cooking. A good example is the traditional British Sunday lunch, consisting of roast beef, roast potatoes and pudding. There is also a large variety of excellent British cheeses. British people eat a lot of meat but they rarely eat raw ham. Although not many people in Britain eat rice as a first course, they sometimes eat it as a second course. Wine is expensive so not many people drink it with their meals. Mineral water is not very common either. One of the most popular drink with meals in Britain is tea.

The meal for which Britain is most famous is the traditional breakfast, which usually consists of cornflakes with milk, toast with marmalade or honey and tea. Some people also eat sausages, eggs and bacon with their breakfast.

For lunch they usually have soup, fruit juice, cold meat and salad, or fish, or roast meat and vegetables, and then goes an apple tart, or hot milk pudding, cold fruit salad or ice-cream.

From four to six there's a very light meal called afternoon tea. It consists of a cup of tea and a cake. This became a kind of ritual. At this time 'everything stops for tea' in England. The whole nation is at ease drinking tea. Dinner is much like lunch and is in many families the last meal of the day. For supper they have tea or coffee with biscuits. Almost every meal finishes with tea with or without milk, cheese and butter.

The English people like fish and chips. Everybody seems to have a fish and a chip supper at home at least once a week. There are fish and chip shops in the side streets of every English town.

If you want to eat out in a restaurant in Britain, there is an enormous variety of both British and foreign restaurants to choose from.

V. Compare British and Russian food

For Example: For breakfast Russians usually have a cup of tea or coffee and a sandwich with butter and cheese. Some prefer to have yoghurt or porridge. British people usually have cornflakes with milk, toast with marmalade or honey and tea. Some people also eat sausages, eggs and bacon with their breakfast.

VI. Prepare written reports on the following topics

• British climate;

• British people;

• British humor;

• British way of life;

• British’s good sides;

• British’s bad sides

GRAMMAR: The Future Continuous Tense

Будущее длительное время выражает будущее действие в процессе его совершения, т.е. незаконченное длительное время.

The Future Continuous Tense употребляется:

• Для выражения длительного действия, которое начнется до определенного момента в будущем, и все еще будет продолжаться. На него может указывать обстоятельства времени: at 5 o’clock – часов, at that moment – в этот момент:

EX: I shall be having an exam at 9 o’clock tomorrow.

Завтра в 9 я буду сдавать экзамен.

• Для выражения намерения совершить действие в будущем:

EX: I shall be working tonight.

Я собираюсь поработать сегодня вечером.

Образование The Future Continuous Tense:

shall / will be + Participle I

Для построения вопросительной и отрицательной формы используется shall / will be:

EX: I shall be sleeping tomorrow at 10 o’clock.

Shall I be sleeping tomorrow at 10 o’clock?

I shall not (shan’t) be sleeping tomorrow at 10 o’clock.

EXERCISES

EXERCISE 1. Give your own examples with the usage of The Future Continuous Tense (10 – 15 sentences)

EXERCISE 2. Open the brackets using The Future Continuous. Translate.

1. Will you have a cup of tea? – No, thank you. I (to have) lunch soon. 2. I hope I (to sleep) well tonight). 3. My boys (to go) back to college in a week, and I (to be) alone again. 4. I must go now. They (to worry) what has happened to me. 5. I’m sure they (to meet) me there. 6. I don’t want to disturb you. I know you (to pack). 7. It’s just the time to see him. He (to work) in his little garden. 8. He is supposed to be very busy then. He (to prepare) for his exams. 9. What game he (to play) tomorrow. 10. I suppose you (to meet) your friend.

EXERCISE 3. Translate into Russian and explain the usage of the Future Continuous

1. I'll be still working when you arrive. 2. This time tomorrow he'll be lying on the beach. 3. They will be watching television from eight o'clock till midnight. 4. I will be buttering the bread while my mother is slicing the tomatoes. 5. We'll be arriving at Heathrow at 6 o'clock. 6. What will your family be doing at this time tomorrow? 7. I am not coming to the party as I shall be taking my driving test. 8. - Why must I take a book? - You'll be sitting on the train for hours.

EXERCISE 4 Give interrogative and negative transforms of the following sentences.
For Example:

1.I’ll be working at my French at 12 o’clock tomorrow. 2. She’ll be making a report at this time tomorrow. 3. You’ll be waiting for me at 3 p.m. tomorrow. 4. He will be working in the lab at the usual time. 5. I’ll be seeing her tomorrow. 6. They will be leaving for Rome soon. 7. My uncle will be leaving in a few days.

EXERCISE 5. Choose the right variant. Use Future Continuous or Future Simple.
1. This time tomorrow they (will sit)/(will be sitting) in the train on their way to Chicago.
2. I (will be)/(will being) at home if you need anything.
3. Don’t phone Jim from 5 till 6 he (will be having)/(will have) English.
4. He (will come)/(will be coming) at eight in the evening.
5. – I’m not sure I’ll recognize Eve. I haven’t seen her for ages.
– She (will wear)/(will be wearing) a dark blue pullover and jeans.

EXERCISE6. Translate into Russian
1. Go home child, or your parents will be worrying about you.
2. We are going to the conference today. You will be sitting next to me. 3. We have to be back at ten o’clock. Nelly will be
waiting for us in the library. 4. Will you have lunch with me on Monday? – I’d love to, but I’m afraid I’ll be taking my exam then. 5. I don’t feel well enough to go to the station to meet John. – I shall meet him for you. Tell me how I shall recognize him. – He will be wearing a blue suit and a black cap.
6. Maurice is tired. He will be coming to bed soon. 7. “Today is the 1st of September. The evenings will be getting long soon” said my aunt.

EXERCISE 7. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Continuous Tense. Watch the use of the Future Continuous Tense

1.I’ll call for her at eight. – No, don’t. She still (have) breakfast then. 2. I (wait) for you when you come out. 3. He (fly) over England tomorrow at 2.00 p.m. 4. She (plant) roses when he comes. 5. Joan (play) ping-pong in the recreation room after school. 6. When you arrive I probably (pick) fruit. 7. I’ll come at three o’clock. – Good, I (expect) you. 8. What do you think the children (do) when we get home? – I expect they (have) their supper. 9. The garden (look) its best next month. 10. The doctor is over sixty, but he doesn’t want to retire. I think he still (working) when he is seventy. 11. Don’t call for me at six. I (have a bath). 12. Don’t ring them up at seven in the morning. They (sleep). 13. Don’t write Mother about the accident. She (worry). 14. Don’t leave the child alone. He (cry). 15. Don’t tell Granny about it. She (grumble). 16. Don’t expect him to come next Saturday. He (work).

EXERCISE 8. Answer the questions in the Future Continuous Tense, using the given suggestions

1.What will she be doing on Sunday? (make a dress). 2. What will you be doing at this time next week? (bathe in the Black Sea). 3. What will grandfather be doing when we arrive? (work in the garden). 4. What will he be doing at the University for five years? (study chemistry). 5. What will they be doing at this time tomorrow? (fly to Kiev). 6. What will she be doing at the concert tomorrow? (sing Russian folk-songs). 7. What will he be doing at this time the day after tomorrow? (interview a foreign delegation). 8. What will she be doing next term? (lecture at the Institute of Foreign languages).

EXERCISE 9. Translate into English using The Future Continuous

1. Я должна идти, он будет меня ждать. 2. Я легко могу представить, что случится, когда я приеду домой. 3. Он сейчас заграницей, но он пишет, что приедет через неделю. 4. Останься еще немного, мы скоро будем пить чай. 5. Мы, как обычно, встретимся с ним вечером. 6. Полагаю, он опять будет говорить об этом. 7. Он скоро снова придет повидаться с нами. 8. Я буду звонить ему в восемь.

EXERCISE 10. Translate into English using The Future Continuous or Future Simple

1.Мы будем ждать вас у памятника. 2. Интересно, что она будет делать завтра в это время. 3. Они покажут этот фильм завтра в это время. 4. Я уверена, она все поймет. 5. Как вы будете добираться туда? 6. Собака залает, если чужой (stranger) подойдет к двери. 7. Говорят, что зима будет холодной. 8. Завтра в это время корабль будет приближаться к Ливерпулю. 9. Официант принесет кофе, мороженое и фрукты через пару минут. 10. Завтра мы увидимся.

ADDITIONAL STUDY: British people

I. Read, translate and play out the dialogue

Kostya: “Daniel, I’ve heard a lot about your country and I am absolutely amazed because not every country has a queen”

Daniel: “Yes, at present the Royal family is headed by Queen Elizabeth”

Kostya: “When did she become a queen?”

Daniel:“ She was born on the 21^st of April 1926. She got married to Philip Duke of Edinburgh in November 1947. She was crowned in Westminster abbey in June 1953 and since that time she is the queen”

Kostya: “How many children does the Queen have?”

Daniel: “Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, is the heir of the Queen. He was married to Princess Diana who unfortunately died in a car accident. He has two children Prince William and Prince Harry. The Queen also has three more children – Princess Anna, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward”

Kostya: “I’ve heard about Princess Anna, she has required the reputation for being arrogant “

Daniel: “Yes, but in recent years she has become quite popular with the general public”

Kostya: “Does Prince Andrew have any children?”

Daniel: “Yes, he has two daughters. Prince Edward doesn’t have children”

Kostya: “That is so interesting to live in a country ruled by the Queen!”

Daniel: “It really is”

II. Summarize the information learnt from the dialogue about the Queen’s family

III. Read and translate the text “What is it like to be a queen?”

Being Queen is a really busy job. Elizabeth П gets up early and begins the day by looking through the newspapers. Then she reads letters from the public. She gets more than 1000 each week, and tells her staff how she would like them to be answered.

The Queen has daily meetings with her Private Secretary who helps her to go through her paperwork, and lots of meetings with ambassadors, new judges, and bishops.

In the afternoon Elizabeth П often goes out on public engagements – she gets thousands of invitations each year. She opens new hospitals, bridges and factories.

Being Queen is not a 9 to 5 job, and Elizabeth П has to work from early in the morning until late at night. And people watch her all the time.

Of course, she has some free time, and some private life, but less than most people.

In her spare time Elizabeth П enjoys horse racing, fishing, and walking in the countryside. She also enjoys photography and likes taking photos on her travels. In 50 years the Queen has been on 251 official visits to 128 different countries.

IV. Speak about your point of view. Do you think if it easy to be Queen or King? Would you like to be Queen or King and why?

V. Listen to the text “Princess Diana”

,, A light has gone out on Earth -

and a new star shines brightly in the Heaven,,

Chris de Burgh