Файл: Исаченко А.Г. Ландшафтоведение и физико-географическое районирование 1991.pdf

(

(

*2"A(3'.&-#-&.,?33(3($/;723(*(+-$<313(".-,*:&/013(-&c31'013((
',6:8+&'3;13F(

N$.&1(

"6"6%&'3;(

1,.&-3,:"/(

1'"<":&.'3>(

2:31,.39&*23>a(

<3+-":"<39&*23>a( =&'":"<39&*23>( 3( +-$<3>( ',6:8+&'3A( *"*.,/:&',(
#-3/&+&'',;( '3c&( >,-,2.&-3*.32,( =,7( <"+"/"<"( ?32:,( +:;( "2-&*.'"*.&A(
K&'3'<-,+,(M-3*F(USa(UDPF(!,.0(',*.$#:&'3;(3("2"'9,'3;(=,7(

(

(

(

(

53*F(UDF(L,70(<"+"/"<"(?32:,(3(*&7"''0&(*#&2.-0('&2"."-0>(;/:&'3A(+:;(K&'3'<-,+,F((

{*65*'/ )(:9Z/ {

S

/ 8/

#&-/,;a(

{

D

/ 8/

/."-,;a(

{

V

/ 8/

.-&.@;i(

"','55*'/ )(:9Z/ V

S

/ 8/

#&-/,;a(

V

D

8/

/."-,;a(

V

V

S

/ 8/

.-&.@;(

M#&-/,;( #"+=,7,Pa(

V

V

D

8/

.-&.@;( M/."-,;( #"+=,7,Pa(

V

U

S

( X( 9&./&-.,;( M#&-/,;( #"+=,7,Pa(

V

U

D

( X( 9&./&-.,;( M/."-,;(

#"+=,7,Pi(

1'#5*'/)(:9Z/_

S

(X(#&-/,;a(

_

D

(X(/."-,;a(

_

V

/8/

.-&.@;i(

$,'55*'/)(:9Z/O

S

(X(#&-/,;a(

O

D

/8/

/."-,;a(

O

V

(X(

.-&.@;a(

O

U

( X( 9&./&-.,;F(

F'%*$49/ ,$/ ,%'45*6*/ ,A#$+596*/ #'63'%(#A%(6*/

/(

3%'4'1(<K/ e

T

/ 8/

/0b&( T(

!

4a(

e

I

( X(

/0b&(I(

!

4a(

e

ST

(X(/0b&(ST(

!

4a(

e

SI

(X(/0b&(SI(

!

4a(

e

]I

/8/

'3c&(XI(

!

4F(

F%$+*'/3$-(:(#'1*Z/

BO

/

/8/

6&71"-"7'0A(

#&-3"+(/(/"7+$>&a(BO

#

(X(6&71"-"7'0A(#&-3"+(',(#"/&->'"*.3(#"9/0F(4(X(#&-3"+(1&c+$(#";/:&'3&1(#&-/"<"(

*'&c'"<"(#"2-"/,(3(&<"("2"'9,.&:@'01(*>"+"1a(4o(X(#&-3"+(*($*."A93/01(*'&c'01(#"2-"/"1a(K(X(:&+"*.,/a(
N(X(#":"/"+@&a(N

1

(X(1&-7:"&(*"*.";'3&(#"9/0a(l

-

((X(/&<&.,?3;(.-,/a(B(X(,2.3/',;(/&<&.,?3;(6&-&70a(r(X(

,2.3/',;( /&<&.,?3;( b3-"2":3*./&''0>( +&-&/@&/a( B

"

( X( "*&''3&( =,70( /&<&.,?33( 6&-&70( M-,*?/&93/,'3&( 3(

:3*."#,+Pi(r

"

(X("*&''3&(=,70(/&<&.,?33(b3-"2":3*./&''0>(+&-&/@&/a()

-

(X(#&-3"+(1&c+$(',9,:"1(#-3:&.,(3(

"2"'9,'3&1(".:&.,(<-,9&AF(

c

(X(

†cc

(X(1&*;?0(

(

"#-&+&:&'0(*($9&."1(#&-3"+37,?33a(+&.,:@'"(-,7-,6".,''"A(=&'":"<,13(

S

F((

{*6(/

/($1&-&''"1(#";*&a(."9'&&(/($*:"/3;>(2"'.3'&'.,:@'"<"(6"-&,:@'"<"(

3( *$66"-&,:@'"<"( 2:31,.,a( 1"c&.( 60.@( "#-&+&:&',( 2,2( *&7"'( *( $*."A93/01(
*'&c'01( #"2-"/"1F( 5,+3,?3"''0A( 6,:,'*( /( d."( /-&1;( ".-3?,.&:@'0Aa(
*-&+';;( .&1#&-,.$-,( /"7+$>,( '3c&( X( I

!

( 4F( R:,<""6"-".( *3:@'"( 7,1&+:&'i(

"*,+23a(3*#,-&'3&a(*."2(>,-,2.&-37$8.*;(*,1013('372313(7',9&'3;13(/(<"+$F(
5&23(#"2-0.0(:@+"1F(

(

S

(41FJ(

ƒA17?/W>/S>/

g6%,;(=&'":"<3;F(KFa(SWGSF(4F(SGGF(

(

DTE(

(

(

(

R&<&.,?3;( 3*2:89&',F( 5&72"( *'3c,&.*;( ,2.3/'"*.@( c3/".'0>i( $(

>":"+'"2-"/'0>( X( 731';;( +3,#,$7,a( 6":@b3'*./"( #.3?( &%&( "*&'@8( $:&.,&.(
',( 8<F( g+',2"( $( 1'"<3>( #-&+*.,/3.&:&A( ,2.3/',;( c37'&+&;.&:@'"*.@( '&(
#-&2-,%,&.*;( 3( 731"A( M/":2a( :3*3?,a( 7,;?a( 6&:2,a( 10b&/3+'0&( <-07$'0a(
<:$>,-@a(.&.&-&/a(-;6932a('&2"."-0&(+;.:0(3(*3'3?0a(*"-"2,(3(+-FPF((

F'%"(=/)(:(/:*692/

3:3(

%(55':*65==/)(:(2/3'%"$:*67'/

ME(

†cc/

X(

L\/cJ>/

R*:&+(

7,("6-,7"/,'3&1($*."A93/"<"(*'&c'"<"(#"2-"/,(*-&+';;(*$."9',;(.&1#&-,.$-,(
#&-&>"+3.(9&-&7(X(I

!

(4(MW(

†cc

Pa("2":"(d."<"(c&(/-&1&'3(1,2*31,:@',;(+'&/',;(

.&1#&-,.$-,( #&-&>"+3.( 9&-&7( T

!

( 4( M9."( *""./&.*./$&.( ',9,:$( $*."A93/0>(

1"-"7"/PF( B,:,'*( /:,<3( #":"c3.&:&'a( ',93',&.*;( ',2"#:&'3&( *'&<"7,#,*"/a(
"+',2"(/0*".,(*'&c'"<"(#"2-"/,(&%&('&/&:32,a(#"d."1$(#-"3*>"+3.(*3:@'"&(
">:,c+&'3&( 3( #-"1&-7,'3&( #"9/0a( #-"+":c,8%&&*;( /*8( 731$F( R( c3/".'"1(
13-&( 7,/&-b,&.*;( #"+<"."/2,( 2( +:3.&:@'"A( #&-&731"/2&i( $( #$b'0>( 7/&-&A( 3(
2"#0.'0>(:&.'3A(1&>(1&';&.*;(',(731'3AF((

V#$%(=/)(:(/:*692/

3:3(

,%'45':*67'2/&1A0$-(=/:*6(/

MSI(

c8/

S

/cccJ>/

j,(',9,:"(

1"c'"(#-3';.@($*."A93/0A(#&-&>"+(13'31,:@'0>(*$."9'0>(.&1#&-,.$-(9&-&7(
X( ST

!

( 4F( 4,1"&( >":"+'"&( /-&1;( <"+,a( =,7,( 731'&A( *.,63:37,?33( <&"*3*.&1F(

C":39&*./"( "*,+2"/( #-"+":c,&.( *"2-,%,.@*;a( '"( /0*".,( *'&c'"<"( #"2-"/,(
',-,*.,&.F( !:;( c3/".'0>( d."( ',36":&&( .;c&:"&( /-&1;( M'&>/,.2,( 2"-1"/Pa(
"+',2"($(:3*3?a(7,A?&/a(6&:"2(',93',&.*;(<"'F((

•%'#7=/ )(:(/ :*69/ 8/ 3$:45':*65==2/

3:3(

3%'4"','55==/

MS( X( DT

/ ccc

PF(

5,+3,?3"''0A( 6,:,'*( *.,'"/3.*;( #":"c3.&:@'01a( 7,1&.'"( #"/0b,&.*;(
.&1#&-,.$-,(/"7+$>,F(4-&+';;(*$."9',;(.&1#&-,.$-,(#&-&>"+3.(9&-&7(X(I

!

(4(2(

2"'?$( =,70( MSU(

ccc

PF( C":39&*./"( "*,+2"/( /( 1,-.&( 13'31,:@'"&a( /0*".,(

*'&c'"<"(#"2-"/,(3(7,#,*0(/"+0(/('&1(+"*.3<,8.(1,2*31$1,a(*'&<("*&+,&.(3(
$#:".';&.*;i( *."2( /( 1,-.&( '&*2":@2"( /"7-,*.,&.F( N"9/,( #-"+":c,&.(
#-"1&-7,.@F(o('&2"."-0>(#.3?(',93',&.*;(#-&+/&*&''&&("c3/:&'3&F((

Q,9,:"1(

"',59/

1"c'"(*93.,.@(#&-&>"+(+'&/'"A(.&1#&-,.$-0(M/(SV(9,*"/P(

9&-&7( T

!

( 4a( ',*.$#:&'3&( -,+3,?3"''0>( "..&#&:&A( 3( ',9,:"( -,7-$b&'3;(

*'&c'"<"(#"2-"/,F((

F'%"(=/)(:(/"',59/8/5(+(1$/,5'&$#(=5*=/

MDT(

ccc/8/

U(

cd

P

>/

5,+3,?3"''0A(

6,:,'*( -,*.&.a( 7',93.&:@',;( &<"( 9,*.@( -,*>"+$&.*;( ',( .,;'3&( *'&<,( 3( :@+,F(
N";/:;8.*;( #-".,:3'0( ',( -"/'0>( 1&*.,>a( '"( #"9/,( #-"+":c,&.( #-"1&-7,.@a(
1,2*31,:@',;( <:$63',( #-"1&-7,'3;( MID( *1P( ',6:8+,&.*;( /( ',9,:&( ,#-&:;F(
R"+"&10( &%&( ',>"+;.*;( #"+"( :@+"1a( '"( *."2( /"7-,*.,&.a( 3( /( 2"'?&( =,70(
',93',&.*;( #":"/"+@&F( B3"=&'":"<39&*23A( 3'+32,."-( ',*.$#:&'3;( /&*'0( X(
#&-/,;(/":',(#-3:&.,(#.3?(X(<-,9&A(MDD(

ccc

P(2(2"'?$(=,70(',6:8+,&.*;(/."-,;(

/":',(M*2/"-?0a(7;6:323P(F(N";/:;8.*;(#&-/0&(/&*&''3&(1$>3(MDG(

ccc

PF((

V#$%(=/ )(:(/ "',59/ 8/ :("'%G'5*'/ ,5'&$#(=5*=/ 8/

".( #&-&>"+,( *-&+'&A(

.&1#&-,.$-0( /"7+$>,( 9&-&7( T

!

( 4( MI(

cd

P( +"( *>"+,( *'&c'"<"( #"2-"/,( MSI(

cd

P( F(

Q,93',&.*;(*:,6"&("..,3/,'3&(/&->'3>(<"-37"'."/((

DT^(

(

(

(

#"9/0a( '"( /( "*'"/'"1( #"9/,( &%&( 1&-7:,;a( 3( /:,<,( 9,*.@8( 7,*.,3/,&.*;( ',(

#"/&->'"*.3a( ',*0%,;( #"+*.3:2$a( 9,*.@8( *.&2,&.( #"/&->'"*.'01( 3(
/'$.-3#"9/&''01( *."2"1F( ST( X( SU(

cd

( /*2-0/,8.*;( -&23a( SD( X( S^(

cd

(

#":"/"+@&(+"*.3<,&.(1,2*31$1,i(',(,#-&:@(#-3>"+3.*;(+"(UTt(<"+"/"<"(*."2,F(
N";/:;8.*;( #&-/0&( #-37',23( c37'&+&;.&:@'"*.3( -,*.&'3AJ( ',93',&.*;(
*"2"+/3c&'3&($(6&-&70(MSS(

cd

Pa($('&2"."-0>(+&-&/@&/(3(2$*.,-'32"/(',6$>,8.(

#"923F( v/&.$%3>( -,*.&'3A( /( d."( /-&1;( &%&( '&.F( N";/:;8.*;( -,''&/&*&''3&(
',*&2"10&( X( 1$-,/@3a( 6,6"923( 2-,#3/'3?,( 3( :31"''3?,F( N-"+":c,&.*;(
/."-,;( /":',( #-3:&.,( #.3?i( $( <:$>,-;a( .&.&-&/,a( -;6932,( X( 1,**"/"&(
."2"/,'3&F(N-"6$c+,8.*;(".(*#;923(1&+/&+@(3(6,-*$2i($(7,A?,a(6&:23a(:3*3?0(
-"c+,8.*;(+&.&'0b3F((

•%'#7=/)(:(/"',59/8/X$;*"1'5*'/"',59‡/

MSI(

cd

(X(ST(

d

P(',*.$#,&.(#"*:&(

#":'"<"(*>"+,(*'&c'"<"(#"2-"/,(#-3(*-&+'&A(*$."9'"A(.&1#&-,.$-&("2":"(V

!

(

4( 3( 7,2,'93/,&.*;a( *"<:,*'"( =&'":"<39&*2"A( .-,+3?33a( #&-&+( ',9,:"1(
7&:&'&'3;(6&-&70F(R(.&9&'3&(#&-/"<"(d.,#,(M#"+=,70P(X(+"(#&-&>"+,(*-&+'&A(
.&1#&-,.$-0( 9&-&7( I

!

( 4( MDI(

cd

P( X( #"9/,( #":'"*.@8( "..,3/,&.F( j,#,*0(

#-"+$2.3/'"A( /:,<3( /( #"9/&( 2( ',9,:$( d.,#,( 1,2*31,:@'0( M6":&&( DTT( 11( /(
/&->'&1( 1&.-"/"1( *:"&P( 3( #"*.&#&''"( ',93',8.( $1&'@b,.@*;a( -,*.&.(
3*#,-;&1"*.@F(

H'.&'*3/'0A(

*."2(

*"#-"/"c+,&.*;(

1,2*31,:@'01(

1&>,'39&*231( 3( <&">3139&*231( /0'"*"1( ./&-+"<"( /&%&*./,F( j,?/&.,8.(
-,*.&'3;a( $( 2"."-0>( ?/&.&'3&( ',93',&.*;( +"( #";/:&'3;( :3*.@&/( X( 1,.@]3]
1,9&>,a( ":@>,( *&-,;( 3( 9&-',;a( :&%3',F( R( :&*'"A( #"+*.3:2&( X( "c3/:&'3&(
6&*#"7/"'"9'0>i( #";/:;8.*;( /06-"*0( +"c+&/0>( 9&-/&AF( Q,93',&.*;( -"&'3&(
2"1,-"/].":2$'"/a(#-"6$c+,8.*;(7&1'"/"+'0&i(#-"+":c,&.*;(#-3:&.(#.3?F((

4( #&-&>"+"1( *-&+'&A( .&1#&-,.$-0( /"7+$>,( 9&-&7( I

!

( 4( M/."-,;( #"+=,7,P(

3*9&7,8.( #"*:&+'3&( #;.',( *'&<,( /( :&*$a( 7,2,'93/,&.*;( -,7-$b&'3&( :&+"/"<"(
#"2-"/,( ',( /"+"&1,>F( N"9/,( ',( ".2-0.0>( 1&*.,>( 2( 2"'?$( d.,#,( #-"<-&/,&.*;(
',( <:$63'&( DT( *1( +"(

k/ 8/

G

!

( 4( 3( #-"*0>,&.( +"( 1;<2"]#:,*.39'"<"( *"*.";'3;F(

N-"+":c,&.( -,*.3( 3*#,-;&1"*.@a( 3( ,.1"*=&-'"&( $/:,c'&'3&( *.,'"/3.*;(
'&+"*.,."9'01F( j,#,*0( #-"+$2.3/'"A( /:,<3( /( #"9/&( *"2-,%,8.*;( #-31&-'"(
',( DT( 11F( R"7"6'"/:;&.*;( /&<&.,?3;( "+'":&.'3>( 3( 1'"<":&.'3>( .-,/a(
#";/:;8.*;( #&-/0&( :3*.@;( $( '&2"."-0>( 2$*.,-'32"/a( $/&:393/,&.*;( 93*:"(
?/&.$%3>(/3+"/a($(6&-&70(',93',8.(-,*#$*2,.@*;(#"923(MD(

d

P(F(4(7,?/&.,'3&1(

',*&2"1""#0:;&10>( -,*.&'3A( M<:,/'01( "6-,7"1( 3/P( */;7,'"( #-"6$c+&'3&(
#9&:a( b1&:&Aa( "*F( R*:&+( 7,( "2"'9,.&:@'01( "*/"6"c+&'3&1( ".( :@+,( /"+"&1"/(
',6:8+,&.*;F( 1,**"/0A( #-3:&.( /"+"#:,/,8%3>( #.3?a( ,( .,2c&( 1'"<3>(
',*&2"1";+'0>(MU];(/":',PF((

ˆ'#"'%#(=/ )(:(/ "',59/ 8/ X%(:&(%/ "',59‡/

MST(

d

( X( ST(

dcJ>/

N-"3*>"+3.(

#"*.&#&''0A( #&-&>"+( 2( :&.'&1$( *"*.";'38( :,'+b,=.,( 3( ="-13-$&.*;(
7&:&'0A( ,*#&2.( M/'&( >/"A'"<"( :&*,PF( SE(

d

( ".1&9,&.*;( #"*:&+'3A( 7,1"-"7"2( /(

/"7+$>&a(,(DT(

d

(X(',(#"/&->'"*.3(#"9/0a(3("+'"/-&1&''"(*-&+';;(.&1#&-,.$-,(

/"7+$>,(#&-&>"+3.(9&-&7(ST

!

(4F(C":39&*./"("*,+2"/(-,*.&.a('"(".'"*3.&:@',;(

/:,c'"*.@(/"7+$>,((

DTG(

(

(

(

*,1,;( '372,;( /( <"+$a( 3( 2"d==3?3&'.( $/:,c'&'3;( *.,'"/3.*;( 13'31,:@'01(

MTaEDPF( j,#,*0( #"9/&''"A( /:,<3( ',( ".2-0.0>( $9,*.2,>( 3'.&'*3/'"(
-,*>"+$8.*;F( N":"/"+@&( 3+&.( ',( $60:@a( '"( ',( 1,A( #-3>"+3.*;( &%&( +"( SIt(
<"+"/"<"(*."2,F((

R( d."A( =,7&( 1"c'"( -,7:39,.@( +/,( d.,#,( M#"+=,70P( X( +"( 3( #"*:&(

$*.,'"/:&'3;(*-&+'&A(.&1#&-,.$-0(/"7+$>,(ST

!

(4(3("2"'9,'3;(7,1"-"72"/(',(

#"/&->'"*.3(#"9/0F(Q,(#&-/"1(d.,#&(#"9/,(#-"<-&/,&.*;(+"(ST

!

(4(',(<:$63'$(

DT( *1( 3( #&-&>"+3.( /( ./&-+"]#:,*.39'"&( *"*.";'3&F( k."( /-&1;( 3'.&'*3/'"<"(
?/&.&'3;( .-,/a( ,( .,2c&( '&2"."-0>( +&-&/@&/( 3( 2$*.,-'32"/F( R( "*'"/'"1(
7,2,'93/,&.*;( #-3:&.( #.3?( M#;.,;( /":',Pa( #";/:;8.*;( /0/"+23( $( <:$>,-;a(
.&.&-&/,a( -;6932,a( '"/"-"c+&''0&( .&:;.,( $( 2"#0.'0>F( Q,*.$#,&.( #"-,( *&/,(
-,''3>(;-"/0>F((

R( .&9&'3&( /."-"<"( d.,#,( 7,1&.'"( ,2.3/373-$&.*;( c37'&+&;.&:@'"*.@(

-,*.3.&:@'"<"( 13-,F( 4( #&-&>"+"1( *-&+'&A( .&1#&-,.$-0( /"7+$>,( 9&-&7( ST

!

( 4(

.-"<,&.*;( /( -"*.( &:@( &/-"#&A*2,;( MDT(

d

Pa( #"7+'&&X( *"*',i( DD(

d

( ',93',&.*;(

"6:3*./&'3&( b3-"2":3*./&''0>( +&-&/@&/F( C( 2"'?$( d.,#,( 7,/&-b,&.*;(
="-13-"/,'3&( #":"<,( :3*./0F( R( d."( c&( /-&1;( 7,?/&.,8.( >/"A'0&a( 1'"<3&(
:3*./&''0&( +&-&/@;( 3( 2$*.,-'323( M9&-&1$>,( DV(

d

a( +$6( 9&-&b9,.0A( D(

dc

a(

-;63',( I(

dc

( 3( +-FPa( .-,/0( 3( 2$*.,-'3923( M9&-'32,( DT(

d

a( *&+139'32( DG(

d

a(

6-$*'32,(

k/dc

PF((

E(+(1$/1'#(/

"#-&+&:;&.*;(#"]-,7'"1$(X(+,.,13("2"'9,'3;(7,1"-"72"/(/(

/"7+$>&(3:3(',(#"9/&a(#&-&>"+,(*-&+'&A(*$."9'"A(.&1#&-,.$-0(/"7+$>,(9&-&7(
SI

!

( 4( 3( +-F(h*:3( #-3';.@( /( 2,9&*./&( =&'"3'+32,."-,(7,?/&.,'3&( b3#"/'32,a(

."(',9,:"(:&.,(/(K&'3'<-,+&(#-3+&.*;(',(ST(

dc

F((

F'%"(=/ )(:(/ 1'#(/

MST(

dc/ 8/

U(

dccJ/ 8/

/-&1;( ',36":@b&A(

#-"+":c3.&:@'"*.3( */&.:"A( 9,*.3( *$."2( Me6&:0>( '"9&AfP( 3( 1,2*31,:@'"<"(
#-3."2,(*":'&9'"A(-,+3,?33F(l&1#&-,.$-,(/"7+$>,(DS(

dc

(#&-&>"+3.(9&-&7(SI

!

(

4F( R&->'3A( <"-37"'.( #"9/0( ',( ".2-0.0>( 1&*.,>( .&#:&&( /"7+$>,a( '"( #"+(
.&1'">/"A'01( #":"<"1( #-"<-&/,'3&( #"9/0( *3:@'"( 7,#,7+0/,&.F( C":39&*./"(
"*,+2"/(3(3*#,-;&1"*.@(/"7-,*.,8.a(2"d==3?3&'.($/:,c'&'3;(X(Ta^TF(j,#,*0(
#-"+$2.3/'"A(#"9/&''"A(/:,<3(#-"+":c,8.(*"2-,%,.@*;(M#-31&-'"(+"(SDT(11(
#"+(7&-'"/013(#"*&/,13PF(4."2(.,2c&(*"2-,%,&.*;a(*"*.,/:;;(/*&<"("2":"(It(
".( <"+"/"<"F( H'.&'*3/'"( -,*.&.( /&<&.,.3/',;( 1,**,F( K3*./,( ',( +&-&/@;>( 3(
2$*.,-'32,>( +"*.3<,&.( #":'"<"( -,7/3.3;i( 60*.-"( -,*.$.( #"6&<3F( v/&.$.(
1'"<3&(2$*.,-'323a(:&*'"&(2-$#'".-,/@&a("*'"/'0&(7:,23(*$>"+":@'0>(:$<"/a(
6":@b3'*./"( /"+'0>( -,*.&'3AF( R( c3/".'"1( 13-&( X( #"-,( $*3:&''"<"(
-,71'"c&'3;(',*&2"10>a(7&1'"/"+'0>a(#-&*102,8%3>*;(3(#.3?F((

V#$%(=/ )(:(/ 1'#(/

MU(

dcc/ 8/ [/ dccc

P( '&( ".+&:;&.*;( 9&.2"( ".( #&-/"AF(

o*:"/'0A(=&'"3'+32,."-(X(*"7-&/,'3&(9&-'323F(k."(*,1,;(.&#:,;(9,*.@(<"+,(
*"(*-&+'&A(.&1#&-,.$-"A("2":"(S^

!

(4F(H*#,-;&1"*.@(+"*.3<,&.(1,2*31$1,a(3(

2"d==3?3&'.( ,.1"*=&-'"<"( $/:,c'&'3;( *"*.,/:;&.( /*&<"( TaEWF( N"9/&''0&(
7,#,*0( /:,<3( ',( 6&7:&*'0>( $9,*.2,>( 2( 2"'?$( d."A( =,70( "2,70/,8.*;(
13'31,:@'013(M"2":"(STT(11((

DTW(

(

(

(

/(1&.-"/"1(*:"&(#"9/0PF(4."2(.,2c&(#"+>"+3.(

-/

*/"&1$(13'31$1$(MD(X(Vt(".(

<"+"/"<"PF( R( ".+&:@'0&( <"+0( +&=3?3.( "*,+2"/( /:&9&.( 7,( *"6"A( #&-&*0>,'3&(
."-=;'32"/a(/0*0>,'3&(:&*'0>(;<"+a($*3:&'3&(#"c,-'"A("#,*'"*.3(/(:&*,>F(o(
6":@b3'*./,( ;<"+'32"/( M9&-'323a( 7&1:;'323a( 1"-"b23a( <":$6323a( 1,:3'0P(
*"7-&/,8.(#:"+0F(v/&.&'3&(',6:8+,&.*;($(#"7+'&?/&.$%3>(/3+"/a(/(."1(93*:&(
$( .,/":<3a( :3#0( 1&:2":3*.'"A( 3( /&-&*2,F( R( c3/".'"1( 13-&( 7',93.&:@'"(
*'3c,&.*;( 3'.&'*3/'"*.@( -,71'"c&'3;i( #.3?0( /( "*'"/'"1( 7,2,'93/,8.(
/02,-1:3/,'3&(#.&'?"/i("9&'@(,2.3/'0(2-"/"*"*$%3&(',*&2"10&F((

•%'#7=/ )(:(/ 1'#(/ 8/ 3$:45'1'#5==2/

3:3(

,3(4/ 1'#(/

MU(

dccc8/

DV(

dcccJ/

>,-,2.&-37$&.*;( #:,/'01( *'3c&'3&1( .&1#&-,.$-0( #-3( *">-,'&'33( "6%&<"(
:&.'&<"(,*#&2.,(X(+"(#";/:&'3;(#&-/0>(9&.23>(#-37',2"/(#"c&:.&'3;(:3*./0(
$( :3*."#,+'0>( +&-&/@&/a( ',1&9,8%&<"*;( /*2"-&( #"*:&( "6-,.'"<"( #&-&>"+,(
*$."9'"A( .&1#&-,.$-0( /"7+$>,( 9&-&7( SI

!

( 4( MS^(

dccc

PF( g*,+23( /( d."( /-&1;(

1,2*31,:@'0a( 3*#,-;&1"*.@( 7,1&.'"( #,+,&.( 3( ,.1"*=&-'"&( $/:,c'&'3&(
*.,'"/3.*;( 3760."9'01F( j,#,*0( /:,<3( /( #"9/&( ',93',8.( #"#":';.@*;a(
',1&9,&.*;( .,2c&( $/&:39&'3&( *."2,F( 4"7-&/,8.( #:"+0( 6-$*'323( MI(

dccc

Pa(

-;63'0(MSG(

dccc

Pa(1,A'32,a(:,'+0b,(3(+-F(N-3-"*.($(+&-&/@&/(#-&2-,%,&.*;i($(

.-,/( ',1&9,&.*;( ".13-,'3&( #"6&<"/( M#"c&:.&'3&( /&<&.,.3/'0>( 9,*.&A( $(
23*:3923a(*&+139'32,Pa(2(2"'?$(#&-3"+,(#";/:;8.*;(#&-/0&(c&:.0&(:3*.@;($(
/;7,(3(:3#0(1&:2":3*.'"AF(N.3?0(*"63-,8.*;(/(*.,3a(#&-/013(".:&.,8.(',(8<(
9&-'0&(*.-3c3F(Q,*&2"10&(&%&(,2.3/'0F((

L&'":"<39&*231( #-37',2"1( ',*.$#:&'3;(

$,'5*/

*93.,&.*;( ',9,:"(

#"c&:.&'3;(:3*.@&/(6&-&70a(7',1&'$8%&&(7,/&-b&'3&(/&<&.,?33F((

F'%"(=/)(:(/$,'5*/

MDV(

dccc/8/

DS(

c†J/

#-"+":c,&.*;(+"(',9,:,(7,1"-"72"/(',(

#"/&->'"*.3(#"9/0F(R(',9,:&(d.,#,(*-&+';;(.&1#&-,.$-,(/"7+$>,("2":"(SU

!

(4a(

/( 2"'?&( X( "2":"( G

!

( 4F( C":39&*./"( "*,+2"/( *'3c,&.*;a( '"( &%&( 6":&&( -&72"(

#,+,&.( 3*#,-;&1"*.@a( $/:,c'&'3&( ;/'"( 3760."9'"&i( #-"+$2.3/'0&( 7,#,*0(
/:,<3(/(1&.-"/"1(*:"&(#"9/0($/&:393/,8.*;(2(2"'?$(+,''"A(=,70(#-31&-'"(
+"( SIT( 11i( #"*.&#&''"( /"7-,*.,&.( *."2( M',( *&'.;6-@( #-3>"+3.*;( I( X( Et(
<"+"/"A( '"-10PF( R*:&+( 7,( 6&-&7"A( ',93',&.*;( #"c&:.&'3&( :3*.@&/( $( "*3'0a(
-;63'0a( 9&-&1$>3a( +$6,a( '&2"."-0>( 2$*.,-'32"/F( R( >"+&( -,*?/&93/,'3;(
:3*./0(',93',&.*;(:3*."#,+(M$(6&-&70(SU(

c†

PF(•&:.&&.(3("#,+,&.(>/";(*"*'0F(

4"7-&/,8.(*&1&',($(*"*'0(3(&:3a(#:"+0(:&%3'0a(+$6,a(',(6":".,>(X(2:82/0F(
j,2,'93/,&.*;( ".13-,'3&( <&'&-,.3/'0>( #"6&<"/( $( :$<"/0>( 7:,2"/( 3(
-,7'".-,/@;F( R( */;73( *( 7,1&.'01( $1&'@b&'3&1( 2":39&*./,( ',*&2"10>(
',93',&.*;( ".:&.( :,*."9&2( 3( +-$<3>( ',*&2"1";+'0>( #.3?F( j,2,'93/,&.*;(
$6"-2,( 7&-'"/0>a( $/;+,&.( 6"./,( 2,-."=&:;i( /( 2"'?&( ,/<$*.,( ',93',&.*;( *&/(
"731"A(-c3F((

V#$%(=/ )(:(/ $,'5*/ I:$1$#(=/ $,'57J/

MDS(

Lq/ 8/

SV

/ qJ/ 8/

".( #&-/0>(

7,1"-"72"/(',(#"9/&(+"(7,/&-b&'3;(:3*."#,+,F(4-&+';;(.&1#&-,.$-,(/"7+$>,(/(
d."( /-&1;( *'3c,&.*;( *( G( +"( I

!

( 4F( g*,+23( #-"+":c,8.( $1&'@b,.@*;a( '"(

3*#,-;&1"*.@(*"2-,%,&.*;(60*.-&&a(2"d==3?3&'.($/:,c'&'3;(#-36:3c,&.*;(2(
DaTi(7,#,*0(/:,<3(/(#"9/&($/&:393/,8.](

DST(

(