Файл: Дрёмов С.В., Сёмин И.Р. - Измененные состояния сознания.pdf
ВУЗ: Не указан
Категория: Не указан
Дисциплина: Не указана
Добавлен: 10.10.2020
Просмотров: 2754
Скачиваний: 8
81
4//.2-.4.2++
4 3*-D8/I-11/0
4:-,/0
43-6.*
24-:
4/4./;1+0
4/C151+;
D/8I-1
7G.A
/./7*5I-1
1-
2 D+:/./,++
- "
1-
- ",
=D-
"
1-
- "
-4.A
/7R-6.+21G0
,+*
,
5 2 D2/01/0
/33/C+F++
:
&=>58?6
("
-
,
") - "
456
7
89 5
,
" -
5=B C6 D 7
&=>58?6
("
-
,
").
7R-6.+25F+;
74/8H.5
3/1+,5-.4;
CD-4A
656
/7R-6.+215;
*-58A1/4.A
,
153/81-115;
4@7R-6.+2
-
1G,
/.1/<-1+-,
+1D+2+D5
.
5
E./0
65.-=/*+-0
4./+.
./
,
9./
.
&1=
15CG258
,+*/2/0
D@</0
(anima mundi),
+8+
3/3*/4.@
/D@<-28-11G0
,+*
,
/.8+91G0
/.
<@,/2/=/
B/15
+ 15=*/,/ID-1+;
D-
-
6/*5F+0
.-,
,
9./
27+*5-.
2 4-7;
656
4*-D5
/7+.51+;
954.A
45,/=/
/7+.5.-8;
.
51+,+4.+9-46/0
6@8A.@*-
("
51+,+C,
" -
/D@<-28-1+-
)
D5115;
954.A
34+:+6+
4/4.528;85
1-/.R-,8-,G0
+1D+2+D@
-
58A1G0
+ 6/88-6.+21G0
/3G.
.
-2*/3-046/,
+1D@4.*+58A1/,
/7?-4.2-
,
.*-7@H?-,
/.9-.8+2G:
=*51+F
+1D+2+D@58A1/4.+
,
E./.
/3G.
2G.-41-1
+ /6*@I-1+-
95?-
2/43*+1+,5-.4;
656
"
1-
- ".
4.528;;
2 4./*/1-
2-*/+43/2-D58A1G-
+ /1./8/=+9-46+-
4,G48G
74/8H.5
,
/.,-.+,
-=/
34+:/
-
8/=+9-46/-
,
.
.
-
.
3*/;28-11/-
C159-1+-
.
D-;
74/8H.5
,
*-58+C@-,5;
2 I+C1+
, "
E./
+,,51-1.15;
F-8A
4.51/28-1+;
8+91/4.+
,
+ 2 ./
I-
2*-,;
E./
4+85
,
6/./*5;
28-9-.
9-8/2-65
6 D/4.+I-1+H
-=/
+1.-=*+*/2511/0
+1D+2+D@58A1/4.+
" (
D8-*
, 1996).
/8--
/7?--
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/
-
51.*/3/8/=+9-46/-
C159-1+-
74/8H.5
2 I+C1+
/7@48/28-1/
.-,
,
9./
,
2G*5I5;
4/7/0
1-D/4.+I+
-
,G0
+D-58
F-8/4.1/4.+
,
=5*,/1++
+ 2G4/6/0
45,/*-58+C5F++
,
/1
24-=D5
3*/.+2/3/4.528-1
4@?-
-
4.2/251+H
+1D+2+D@58A1/=/
.
58+9+-,
2 1-;21/0
4@7R-6.+21/4.+
/7*5C5
74/8H.5
C5D5-.4;
*5C*G2
,-ID@
3/.-1F+58A1G,+
+ *-58+C/2511G,+
35*5,-.*5,+
8+91/4.+
,
21/4+.4;
153*;I-1+-
+
4.+,@8+*@-.4;
D+15,+65
*5C2+.+;
.
/C2*5?5;4A
6 65.-=/*++
"
D*@=/-
",
,G
D/8I1G
243/,1+.A
,
9./
/15
2G3/81;-.
3*/.-6./*1@H
B@16F+H
.
-48+
"
D*@=/-
",
+C2-4.1/-
656
/7GD-11/-
45,/4/C151+-
,
/7-43-9+25-.
2:/ID-1+-
2
4/F+@,
+ 42;CA
4 74/8H./,
2 -=/
3*/;28-11/0
B/*,-
,
./
"
D*@=/-
"
8-2/0
954.+
4:-,G
4//.1/4+.
"
3/.-1F+58A1/-
"
4 74/8H./,
1-;21/0
4@7R-6.+21/4.+
.
@8A.@*/8/=+9-46+-
+ B+8/4/B46+-
E646@*4G
2G;28;H.
6/,38-64
:/*/</
/B/*,8-11G:
+D-0
,
3/
-
C2/8;H?+:
4/:*51;.A
34+:/8/=+9-46@H
4.57+8A1/4.A
9-8/2-9-46/=/
2 3*/.+2/3/4.528-1++
7
-
4/8H.@
.
I-
2 *511+:
.*5D+F+/11G:
/7?-4.25:
4B/*,+*/2584;
6/,3-145./*1G0
+D-/8/=+9-46+0
+14.+.@.
,
+C2-4.1G0
656
"
351.-/1
3-*2/3*-D6/2
".
./.-,+C,-
E./
,+B/8/=+9-46+-
/7*5CG
+C
I+
-
2/.1/=/
+ *54.+.-8A1/=/
,+*5
,
/4@?-4.28;H?+-
3/4*-D1+9-4.2/
,-ID@
8HDA,+
+ D@:5,+
/6*@
-
I5H?-=/
,+*5
.
7/8--
3/CD1+-
2*-,-15
/7*5C
3-*2/3*-D65
/9-8/2-9+2584;
+ 27+*58
2 4-7;
3*+C156+
*-58A1/
4@?-4.2/252<+:
8+91/4.-0
(
F5*-0
,
2/ID-0
,
456*58A1G:
D-;.-8-0
),
9-8/2-9-
-
465;
3*+*/D5
6/./*G:
3*-@2-8+9+25854A
2 ,+B/8/=+9-46/,
3/2-4.2/251++
.
/4*-D1+6
,-ID@
7/
-
=/,
+ 8HDA,+
3*+4@.4.2@-.
2/
24-:
,/1/.-+4.+9-46+:
*-8+=+;:
.
+@D5+C,-
-
E./
3*/*/6
/+4-0
,
2
+485,-
-
=8521G0
3*/*/6
@:5,,-D
.
/C1+61/2-1+-
:*+4.+5146/0
6@8A.@*G
/C15,-1/258/4A
3/;2
-
8-1+-,
7/=/9-8/2-9-46/0
8+91/4.+
*+4.5
,
,/.+2
*/ID-1+;
6/./*/=/
+,--.
1-
7@6258A1G0
+4./
-
*+9-46+0
4,G48
,
5 4//7?5-.
15,
/ 2-8+6/,
.5+14.2-
,
/ */ID-1++
*+4.5
,
3*/+4:/D;?-,
@ 154
21@.*+
2 *-C@8A.5.-
2/44/-D+1-1+;
7/I-4.2-11/0
4+8G
4 9-8/2-9-46/0
D@</0
(
I/14/1
, 1996).
C
24-:
,+*/2G:
*-8+=+0
+,-11/
2 :*+4.+5146/0
*-8+=+/C1/
-
,+4.+9-46/0
6/1F-3F++
,/.+2
7/=/
-
9-8/2-9-4.25
3/8@95-.
F-1.*58A1@H
*/8A
.
/1-91G0
4,G48
+1D+2+D@58A1/=/
+ 24-9-8/2-9-46/=/
7G.+;
153/81+84;
+D--0
4354-1+;
9-*-C
21@.*-11--
3*+1;.+-
"
D@:/21/=/
9-8/2-65
"
(B.C.
/8/2A-2
+4./*+/4/B46+,
3*/./.+3/,
6/./*/=/
4.58
*+4./4
,
2/38/.+2<+0
-D+14.2/
74/8H.1/=/
+ 9-8/2-9-46/=/
.
-8+=+/C1/-
3/1;.+-
"
4354-1+-
"
3*+/7*-.5-.
23/81-
/3*-D-8-11/-
34+:/8/=+9-46/-
4/D-*I51+-
.
/=8541/
. .
!8/*-146/,@
(1990),
4354-1+-
,
2 34+:/8/=+9-46/,
4,G48-
48/25
,
-4.A
*521/2-4+-
D@<-21/0
I+C1+
. "
7*5CG
/=5
+ *+4.5
, -
3+458
.
&1=
(1997,
82
4
.76), -
3*/-F+*@-,G-
*-8+=+/C1/0
B51.5C+-0
9-8/2-65
,
1-
,/=@.
1-
7G.A
51.*/3/,/*B1G,+
...
3/
-
4-,@
+:
,/I1/
3*/;41+.A
34+:/8/=+9-46+
,
3/D/71/
8H7G,
D*@=+,
4+,2/85,
".
B+8/4/B46+:
@9-1+;:
,
4/CD511G:
15
21-6/1B-44+/158A1/0
/41/2-
,
+D-+
15DG1D+2+D@58A1G:
+
=+3-*4/F+58A1G:
/41/251+0
9-8/2-9-46/=/
2 42-*:3*+*/D1/,
,+*-
/B/*,8;8+4A
2 4.5.@4-
*514F-1D-1.58A1/=/
,
G4<-=/
4@?-4.25
( .
/1.
2-*:9-8/2-65
(
!
.
+F<-
),
/4,+9-46/=/
9-8/2-65
( .
'/3-1=5@E*
).
34+:/8/=+9-46/,
4,G48-
3/D*5C@,-25-.4;
/B/*,8-1+-
2 4@7R-6.+2
-
1/0
*-58A1/4.+
,+B5
/ 1-6/-,
7/=/9-8/2-6-
,
3*/.+2/3/4.52+,/,
74/8H.@
.
43/8AC@;
4/3/8/
-
I-11/4.A
E./=/
:5*+C,5.+9-46/=/
543-6.5
4@7R-6.+21/0
*-58A1/4.+
74/8H.@
,
/7/C159+,
-=/
"
7
-
4/8H.1G,
"
*+2-D-11G-
D/7528-1+;
3/C2/8;H.
3*-D4.52+.A
15<@
4:-,@
2 48-D@H?-,
2+D-
:
&=>58?6
- "
=>58?6 5
,
" - "
456
7
89 5
,
" - "
: ;<5
,
" -
4
:
6 E
>4 C6E
&=>58?6
*/,-I@./91/-
3/8/I-1+-
"
574/8H.1/=/
''
2 4.*@6.@*-
1-;21/0
4@7R-6.+21/4.+
/7R;41+,/
-=/
3/4*-D1+9-46/0
B@16F+-0
+ E6C+4.-1F+58A1G,
C159-1+-,
.
3*/4.*514.2/
4@7R-6.+21/0
*-58A1/
-
4.+
,
/7/C159-11/-
"
574/8H.1G,
",
3*/-F+*@H.4;
+D-+
,
3/C2/8;H?+-
4//.1-4.+
"
3/.-1F+58A1/-
"
4 74/8H./,
.
D-;
7/=/9-8/2-65
(
7/=/9-8/2-9-4.25
,
2 B+8/4/B++
24--D+14.25
)
*/ID5-.4;
15
4.G6-
3-*-I+25
-
1+;
.*-2/=+
,
+1+F++*@-,/0
21@.*-11+,
4/3/4.528-1+-,
+1D+2+D@58A1/=/
4 74/8H./,
,
+ 9-8/
-
2-9-46+,
4.*-,8-1+-,
3*-/D/8-.A
E./.
*5C*G2
3@.-,
@,/3/4.+=5-,G:
3-*-:/D/2
,-ID@
2-91G,
,
1+9-,
1-
3*-DC5D511G,
,
+ 6/1-91G,
+1D+2+D@58A1G,
.
56+-
3-*-:/DG
C568H9-1G
2 +D-1.+B+65
-
F+;:
"
3/.-1F+58A1/=/
"
4 .*5143-*4/158A1G,+
+ .*5146@8A.@*1G,+
/33/C+F+;,+
(
D/7*/
-
C8/
,
D-1A
-
1/9A
,
,@I46/-
-
I-146/-
,
4.5*+6
-
,85D-1-F
+ 3*
.).
511G-
+D-1.+B+65F++
,
/7R-D+1-11G-
-D+1G,
3/1;.+-,
"
574/8H.1/-
",
+ -4.A
6/,3-145F+;
5BB-6.+21/0
153*;I-11/4.+
"
3/.-1F+58A
-
1/=/
",
15:/D;?-=/4;
2 /33/C+F++
6 74/8H.@
.
5C@,
3*-/7*5C@-.
E1-*=+H
2C5+,//.1/<-1+0
"
3/.-1F+58A1/=/
"
4 74/8H./,
+ /B/*,8;-.
--
2 15D8+91G:
/7*5C5:
.
/=1+.+21G0
543-6.
45,/4/C151+;
+8+
,
+159-
,
2-4A
2/C,/I1G0
43-6.*
.*5143-*4/158A1G:
45,/
-
+D-1.+B+65F+0
,/I-.
7G.A
3*-D4.528-1
2 4//.2-.4.2++
4 3/D:/D/,
5158+.+9-46/0
34+:/8/=++
.
-
52./*@
- .
&1=@
,
656
+C2-4.1/
,
D8;
/B/*,8-1+;
42/+:
D/=5D/6
3/.*-7/25854A
1/25;
/7R;41+
-
.-8A15;
=+3/.-C5
/ 6/88-6.+21/,
7-44/C15.-8A1/,
4 22-D-1+-,
3/1;.+;
"
5*:-.+3
".
*:-.+3G
656
2/38/?-11G-
2 6@8A.@*-
+D-+
/ 4/D-*I51++
4@7R-6.+21/0
*-58A1/4.+
4/4.528;H.
*5C8+91G-
25*+5F++
"
574/8H.1/=/
",
*546*G25-,G-
.2/*9-46/0
4+8/0
*5C@,5
.
28;;4A
.*514
-
F-1D-1.1G,+
45,//./ID-4.28-1+;,+
"
3/.-1F+58A1/=/
",
/1+
3*-D4.52+,G
8+<A
2 6@8A.@*1/
-
+4./*+9-46/,
2G*5I-1++
.
*@=+,+
48/25,+
,
5*:-.+3
153/,+15-.
"
/6@8;*
",
3*+43/4578+25H?+0
9-8/2-9-46/-
C*-1+-
D8;
2/43*+;.+;
1-;21/0
45,/,@
9-8/2-6@
4@7R-6.+21/4.+
.
85=/D5*;
*54
-
3*/4.*51-11G,
2 6@8A.@*-
5*:-.+35,
+C2-4.15;
+1D+2+D@
+ =*@33-
15D8+91/4.15;
B+=@*5
74/
-
8H.5
4.51/2+.4;
D/4.@31/0
D8;
2C5+,/D-04.2+;
.
5
B/1-
5*:-.+3+9-46+:
42;C-0
4
"
74/8H./,
"
158+91/-
7G.+-
@I-
1-
/3*-D-8;-.4;
1-2-D/,G,+
*5C*@<+.-8A1G,+
4+85,+
.
156/,4.2/
4 4/
-
D-*I51+-,
"
74/8H.1/=/
",
42;C@H?-=/
4 74/8H./,
,
/7-43-9+25-.
21@.*-11HH
C5?+?-11/4.A
9-8/2-65
.
/8AC@;4A
3*-D8/I-11G,
4*521-1+-,
1@I1/
465C5.A
,
9./
6@8A.@*5
-4.A
48/I1G0
3*+7/*
,
4/4./;
-
?+0
7/8--
9-,
+C
D2@:
8+1C
.
1/=//7*5C+-
4,-11G:
8+1C
3*-D85=5-.
15,
<+*/6+0
3*-D4.528-1
-
9-46+0
B+8A.*
,
/7@48/28-11G0
1-
./8A6/
6/8+9-4.2/,
+C2-4.1G:
+C
5158+.+9-46/0
34+:/8/=++
5*:-.+3/2
,
1/
+ ,1/=/C1591/4.AH
65ID/=/
+C
1+:
.
56+,
/7*5C/,
,
,/I-.
4@?-4.2/25.A
C159+.-8A
-
83
1/-
6/8+9-4.2/
4*-D4.2
@,/3/4.+=5-,/=/
478+I-1+;
4 74/8H./,
+ /3+451+0
2C5+,/D-04.2+0
4
1+,
.
*:-.+3+9-46+-
/7*5CG
-4.A
4*-D/./9+-
24;6+:
*-8+=+/C1G:
3*-D4.528-1+0
.
:
157/*/,
,
+8+
,
3/8AC@;4A
;CG6/,
*-8+=+/2-D/2
+ E.1/8/=/2
,
,+B/8/=+9-46+,
351.-/1/,
,
/3*-D-8;-.4;
D2@
-
8+6/4.A
24-2G<1-=/
65ID/0
/.D-8A1/0
*-8+=++
.
,7+258-1.1/4.A
,
3*+4@?5;
65ID/,@
5*:-.+3@
,
5
.56I-
,1/=//7*5C+-
456*58A1G:
/7*5C/2
*5C1G:
*-8+=+0
,
268H95;
5.-+4.+9-46+-
,
=D-
*-8+=+;
3*/B51+*@-.4;
2 +D-/8/=+H
,
/3*-D-8;H.
3*/.+2/*-9+2/4.A
21@.*-11-0
I+C1+
+ D+5,-.*58A1/
3*/.+2/3/8/I-11G-
9@24.25
,
3*/;28;-,G-
2/21-
.
56+,
/7*5C/,
,
B/*,//7*5C@H?5;
D-;.-8A
-
1/4.A
5*:-.+3/2
1-
./8A6/
C5D5-.
,1/=//7*5C+-
B+64+*/2511G:
2 6@8A.@*-
43/4/7/2
/7?-1+;
9-
-
8/2-65
4 74/8H./,
-=/
*-8+=++
(
D@:/215;
D-.-*,+151.5
5*:-.+3/2
),
1/
+ /3*-D-8;-.
43/4/7G
,-I8+91/4.1/=/
2C5+,/D-04.2+;
(
5*:-.+3+9-465;
D-.-*,+15F+;
4/F+@,5
).
,-4.-
4 E.+,
.*514
-
F-1D-1.1G-
45,//./ID-4.28-1+;
,
C5B+64+*/2511G-
2 6@8A.@*-
,
C5D5H.
,5.*+F@
24-:
3/.-1F+
-
58A1/
2/C,/I1G:
+D-1.+B+65F+0
+1D+2+D5
2 /7R-6.1/,
,+*-
.
53*;I-11/4.A
4//.1/<-1+;
"
3/.-1F+58A1/=/
"
+ 74/8H.5
+ 41+,5H?+-
--
5*:-.+3+9-46+-
+D-1.+B+65F++
4
"
574/8H.1G,
"
,/=@.
48@I+.A
3*//7*5C/,
5BB-6.+21G:
+ 6/=1+.+21G:
4/4.52
-
8;H?+:
+1D+2+D@58A1/=/
45,/4/C151+;
.
./
D5-.
3/2/D
2G465C5.A
=+3/.-C@
/ 158+9++
2 4@7R-6
-
.+21/0
*-58A1/4.+
65ID/=/
+1D+2+D5
.56
15CG25-,/=/
42-*:8+91/=/
45,/4/C151+;
.
1/
656
B56.
1-;21/0
4@7R-6.+21/4.+
+,--.
/7/41/251+-
+ 3/D.2-*ID-1+-
42/-0
*-58A1/4.+
2 6@8A.@*/8/=+
-
9-46+:
D511G:
.
*521+.-8A15;
+4./*+;
,+B/8/=+0
,
+4./91+6+
3/
D@:/21/0
6@8A.@*-
.*5D+F+/1
-
1G:
/7?-4.2
42+D-.-8A4.2@H.
,
9./
+1D+2+D@58A1/-
45,/4/C151+-
3-*2/15958A1/
C5*/D+8/4A
2
4*-D-
48@I+.-8-0
6@8A.5
,
9A;
4/F+58A15;
*/8A
/3*-D-8;854A
/7?-1+-,
4 ,+*/,
.*514F-1D-1.1/
-
=/
,
+8+
42-*:R-4.-4.2-11/=/
,
-48+
3*+1+,5.A
,+B/8/=+C+*/2511G0
6/1.-64.
.
42;C+
4 158+9+-,
+C/,/*B1/=/
+1D+2+D@58A1/,@
45,/4/C151+H
4.*@6.@*1/=/
3*//7*5C5
2 4B-*-
1-;21/0
4@7R-6
-
.+21/4.+
15<5
4:-,5
,/I-.
7G.A
3*-D4.528-15
2 48-D@H?-,
2+D-
:
&=>58?6
-
>D
F8
5
>
5>5G
- "
456
7
89 5
,
" -
5=E:
5
>
5>5G
-
5=B
-
C6 D 7
&=>58?6
.
/D/715;
+1.-*3*-.5F+;
3*+28-65.-8A15
.-,
,
9./
B@16F+;
42-*:8+91/=/
45,/4/C151+;
,
C568H
-
95H?5;4;
2 @4.51/28-1++
42;C+
4 74/8H./,
,
*521/F-115
3/4*-D1+9-46/0
B@16F++
+1D+2+D@58A
-
1/=/
45,/4/C151+;
.
56
,G
3/8@95-,
-?-
/D+1
5*=@,-1.
2 3/8AC@
./=/
,
9./
4@?1/4.15;
:5*56.-*+
-
4.+65
15<-=/
/7GD-11/=/
45,/4/C151+;
E6C+4.-1F+58A15
+ C568H95-.4;
1-
2 ./,
,
9./
/1/
,
656
3*+1;./
2 ,5.-*+58+4.+9-46/0
34+:/8/=++
,
;28;-.4;
E3+B-1/,-1/,
4/C151+;
,
5 2 ./,
,
9./
/1/
-4.A
3/4*-D1+6
2/
2C5+,/D-04.2++
"
3/.-1F+58A1/=/
"
4 3*-D,-.1G,
+ 4/F+58A1G,
,+*/,
,
43/
-
4/7/,
-=/
/4@?-4.28-1+;
2 /7R-6.+21/0
*-58A1/4.+
.
./.
.-C+4
,
3/
4@?-4.2@
,
1-
1/2
.
1
,
656
7G8/
3*-D4.528-1/
*51--
,
4/D-*I+.4;
D5I-
6
,5.-*+58+
-
4.+9-46/0
34+:/8/=++
,
=D-
"
3/.-1F+58A1/-
"
/.4@.4.2@-.
,
5 24;
D@:/215;
4@?1/4.A
C568H9-15
2
4/F+58+C/2511/0
8+91/4.+
.
D-4A
I-
,G
:/.+,
/7*5.+.A
21+,51+-
15
/9-2+D1@H
@1+2-*458A1/4.A
3/4*-D1+9-46/0
*/8+
45,/4/C151+;
2/
2C5+,/D-04.2++
9-8/2-65
4 ,+*/,
+ 2G465C5.A4;
/.1/4+
-
.-8A1/
+4./6/2
E./0
*/8+
.
-
3*+9+1G
,G
2+D+,
1-
./8A6/
2 4/F+58+C+*@H?-0
B@16F++
/7GD-1
-
1/=/
45,/4/C151+;
,
1/
+ 2 .*5143-*4/158A1/0
3*+*/D-
-=/
/41/251+0
,
2 3*-DC5D511/4.+
/7GD-1
-
1/=/
45,/4/C151+;
,5.*+91G,
21-8+91/4.1G,
45,/4/C151+-,
,
9A;
*-58A1/4.A
/7@48/28-15
@1+
-
2-*458A1/0
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/0
4+.@5F+-0
3*/.+2/3/4.528-1+;
74/8H.@
.
/14.5.+*@;
2 *5,65:
15<-0
4:-,G
42-*:8+91/4.1/-
45,/4/C151+-
,
,G
D-85-,
1-6/./*G-
D/3@
-
?-1+;
,
656
+ 3*+
8H7/0
4:-,5.+C5F++
,
1/
E.5
4:-,5
7/8--
4/D-*I5.-8A15
3/
4*521-1+H
4/
4:-,/0
- "
1-
- ",
3*+1;./0
D8;
/3*-D-8-1+;
45,/4/C151+;
2 /7R-6.+21/0
34+:/8/=++
+ 68+1+9-46/0
34+
-
:+5.*++
.
2*+4.+9-465;
F-11/4.A
3*-D8/I-11/0
4:-,G
-
2 43/4/71/4.+
5D-625.1/
3*-D4.52+.A
84
D2/04.2-11/4.A
9-8/2-9-46/=/
4@?-4.2/251+;
,
/.*5C+.A
21@.*-11HH
3/8;*1/4.A
45,/4/C151+;
+
4/4.528;H?+-
3/.-1F+58A1/
3*+4@.4.2@H?-=/
+1.*54@7R-6.+21/=/
6/1B8+6.5
.
.5
I-
4:-,5
3/
-
C2/8;-.
15,-.+.A
2-6./*G
*5C2+.+;
"
3/.-1F+58A1/=/
" -
24-
3/.-1F+58A1/
2/C,/I1/-
3*/4.*51
-
4.2/
45,/+D-1.+B+65F+0
-
+ *544,5.*+25.A
24-
@*/21+
35./8/=++
656
2G*5I-1+-
15*@<-11/=/
*5C2+.+;
8+91/4.+
2 6@8A.@*B+8/4/B46/,
6/1.-64.-
.
/.8+9+-
/.
.*5D+F+/11/
3*+1;.G:
-2*/3-046+:
4.51D5*./2
*5C2+.+;
+1D+2+D@58A1/=/
45,/4/C
-
151+;
(
4/C151+;
),
2 /.8+9+-
/.
4/3@.4.2@H?+:
+,
4/F+58A1/=/
*-D@6F+/1+C,5
+1D+2+D@58A1/=/
7G.+;
,
@3*/?-11/=/
3/1+,51+;
D@:/21/4.+
+ *5F+/158+4.46+:
35*5D+=,
-2*/3-046/0
15@6+
,
3*-D
-
8/I-115;
4:-,5
3*-D3/85=5-.
158+9+-
4B-*G
1-;21/0
4@7R-6.+21/4.+
+ D@:/21@H
3/81/.@
7G.+;
.
1D+2+D@58A1/-
*5C2+.+-
,
4/=8541/
E./0
4:-,-
,
/4@?-4.28;-.4;
1-
./8A6/
2/21-
3@.-,
4/F+58A
-
1G:
+1.-*+/*+C5F+0
+ E=/F-1.*+9-46+:
45,//./ID-4.28-1+0
,
1/
.56I-
+ 2 =8@7A
c
2/-0
4@7R-6.+2
-
1/4.+
,
2 4//.2-.4.2++
4 +1.*54@7R-6.+21G,+
C53*/45,+
.
.58/
7G.A
,
+1D+2+D@58A1/-
*5C2+.+-
1-
3*-6*5?5-.4;
4 D/4.+I-1+-,
4/F+58A1/
C*-8/=/
2/C*54.5
,
5 3*/D/8I5-.4;
15
3*/.;I-1++
24-0
I+C1+
,
3*+9-,
+1.-14+21/4.A
+ 154G?-11/4.A
E./=/
*5C2+.+;
23/81-
,/I-.
7G.A
4*521+,5
4 .5
-
6/2/0
2 D-.46/,
+ H1/<-46/,
2/C*54.-
.
5
E./,
3@.+
,
656
+ 2/
2C*/48-1++
,
4@?-4.2@H.
42/+
3-*-
-
8/,1G-
3-*+/DG
,
42/+
"
6*+C+4G
+D-1.+91/4.+
".
4.A
24-
/41/251+;
=/2/*+.A
1-
./8A6/
/7
/1./=-
-
1-.+9-46+:
6*+C+45:
,
1/
+ / 3-*+/D5:
34+:+9-46/0
D-C+1.-=*5F++
+ 1/2G:
3/+465:
45,/+D-1.+91/
-
4.+
2 7/8--
C*-8/0
I+C1+
.
/C2*5?-1+-
6 *544,/.*-11/0
*51--
+-*5*:+9-46/0
4.*@6.@*-
45,/4/C151+;
3/C2/8;-.
@.2-*
-
ID5.A
,
9./
6*/,-
6*+C+4/2
8+91/4.1/0
45,/+D-1.+B+65F++
4@?-4.2@H.
6*+C+4G
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/
-
=/
+ .*5143-*4/158A1/=/
:5*56.-*5
,
3-*-I+251+-
6/./*G:
43/4/74.2@-.
*54<+*-1+H
/?@?-
-
1+;
45,/./ID-4.2-11/4.+
.
6C+4.-1F+58A1G-
+ .*5143-*4/158A1G-
6*+C+4G
4./8A
I-
-4.-4.2-1
-
1G
+ 2 ./0
I-
4.-3-1+
43/4/74.2@H.
*5C2+.+H
C*-8/0
8+91/4.+
,
656
+ 2 3-*+/D
4.51/28-1+;
E=/
-
34+:+6+
.
6/*--
,
+:
/.4@.4.2+-
D/8I1/
*54F-1+25.A4;
656
3*/;28-1+-
15*@<-1+0
2 C56/1/,-*1/,
3/+46-
7/8--
<+*/6+:
/41/251+0
45,/./ID-4.2-11/4.+
15
3/4.
-
E=/
-
E.535:
*5C2+.+;
,
656
3*+C156
/4.51/26+
2 D/4.+I-1++
3/81/.G
+ /4,G48-11/4.+
I+C1+
.
3-*+/DG
3/D/71G:
6*+C+4/2
,
6/=D5
*@<+.4;
*5F+/158A1G0
/7*5C
,+*5
,
5 3*+2G91G-
E=/F-1.*+
-
9-46+-
45,/+D-1.+B+65F++
3*+2/D;.
6 1-*5C*-<+,G,
6/1B8+6.5,
,
9-8/2-6
,/I-.
4.51/2+.A4;
45,
D8;
4-7;
3*/78-,/0
,
+ ./=D5
/1
1@ID5-.4;
2 3/1+,51++
4/74.2-11/0
4@7R-6.+21/4.+
,
2 /4/C
-
151++
4/74.2-11/0
3/81/.G
+ 3/.-1F+58A1/0
F-8/4.1/4.+
.
511G-
3-*+/DG
4//.1/4;.4;
4 4-DA
-
,/0
4.5D+-0
4.51/28-1+;
8+91/4.+
3/
.
*+64/1@
(
-0=5*1+6
, 1982).
./=/,
E./0
4.5D++
,/I-.
4.5.A
D/4.+I-1+-
1-3/2./*+,/4.+
8+91/4.+
,
2 3*/.+21/,
48@95-
/15
/7*-9-15
15
7-CG4:/D1/4.A
.
56
4./*/11+-
1578HD5.-8+
3/D/71G:
6*+C+4/2
,G
,/I-,
*-=+4.*+*/25.A
3*/F-44
+C,-1-1+;
4/C151+;
(
45,/4/C151+;
)
+ D5I-
@4.51528+25.A
158+9+-
D-3-*4/158+C5F+/11G:
*544.*/04.2
.
.
-
48-I+25;
+C,-1-1+;
45,/4/C151+;
,
C5.*5=+25H?+-
,+B/8/=+9-46+0
@*/2-1A
,
,G
,/I-,
F-8+6/,
D/2-*+.A4;
6/14.*@6.5,
68+1+6/
-
34+:/35./8/=+9-46/0
35*5D+=,G
,
1-
C5.*@D1;;
4-7;
3/1+,51+-,
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/0
C159+,/4.+
3*/F-445
.
8+1+9-465;
34+:/35./8/=+;
2 .56+:
48@95;:
/=*51+9+25
-
-.4;
2G;28-1+-,
+C2-4.1G:
4+1D*/,/2
,
3*/=1/C+*/251+-,
*5C2+.+;
*544.*/04.25
(
/3*-D-8-1+-,
1/C/8/=++
)
+ 3851+*/251+-,
.-*53++
2 4//.2-.4.2++
4/
42/+,+
I-
/41/21G,+
3/8/I-1+;,+
.
E6
-
C+4.-1F+58A1G:
I-
3/C+F+0
2-4A,5
3/8-C-1
2C=8;D
+C1@.*+
,
3*+78+I5H?+0
B-1/,-1/8/=+H
6 B/*,-
/3G.5
2C5+,/D-04.2+;
4 4/D-*I51+-,
4/74.2-11/0
4@7R-6.+21/0
*-58A1/4.+
+ 43/4/74.
-
2@H?+0
3/1+,51+H
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/0
/7@48/28-11/4.+
.
85
/D
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/0
/7@48/28-11/4.AH
48-D@-.
3/1+,5.A
/3+4511@H
/7?-9-8/2-9-46@H
4+.@5
-
F+H
3*/.+2/3/4.528-1+;
74/8H.@
.
6.@58+C+*@-,5;
2 1-0
1-*5215,-*1/4.A
4//.1/<-1+;
+1D+
-
2+D@58A1/=/
4 35*5,-.*5,+
74/8H.5
;28;-.4;
3/.-1F+58A1G,
+
,
3/I58@0
,
/41/21G,
+4./91+
-
6/,
24-:
3*/78-,
34+:/8/=+9-46/=/
+ 34+:/.+9-46/=/
3/*;D65
5I-
-48+
E./
E6C+4.-1F+58A
-
1/-
3/8/I-1+-
1-
24-=D5
56.@58A1/
(
153*+,-*
,
6/=D5
*-9A
+D-.
/ 3*/2-D-1++
954.1G:
34+:/.-*5
-
3-2.+9-46+:
,-*/3*+;.+0
,
2 /4/7-11/4.+
3*+
C5.*@D1-1+;:
2 4.51/28-1++
E=/
-
34+:+6+
),
/1/
D/8I
-
1/
3*+4@.4.2/25.A
,
6/=D5
,G
3G.5-,4;
/3*-D-8+.A4;
4 /7?+,+
,+*/2/CC*-19-46+,+
/*+-1.+*5,+
34+:/8/=++
+ 34+:+5.*++
+ *5C,G<8;-,
/ F-8;:
.-*53++
.
/65
,/I1/
/4.51/2+.A4;
15
./,
,
9./
D/4.+I-1+-
.-*53-2.+9-46+:
F-8-0
D/8I1/
4//.1/4+.A4;
4
C5D59-0
4/:*51-1+;
"
3/.-1F+58A1/=/
",
+ CD-4A
,G
2+D+,
D2-
2/C,/I1/4.+
.
-*25;
+C
1+:
(
358
-
8+5.+215;
)
C568H95-.4;
2 3/3G.6-
3/I-*.2/25.A
"
3/.-1F+58A1G,
"
+ 24-,
15:/D;?+,4;
C5
1+,
3*/4.*514.2/,
4@7R-6.+21/4.+
*5D+
@6*-38-1+;
/7GD-11/=/
45,/4/C151+;
(
/7R-6.+21G:
45,/
-
+D-1.+B+65F+0
2
"
D*@=+:
").
/4.+=5-,5;
E.+,
4/F+58+C5F+;
(
4/F+58A15;
*-57+8+.5F+;
)
D/4
-
./015
3*+85=5-,G:
@4+8+0
,
/D156/
48-D@-.
3/,1+.A
,
9./
+C
2/43*+;.+;
3*+
E./,
@4.*51;-.4;
1-
3/D8-I5?5;
@4.*51-1+H
+ 56.@58+C+*/252<5;4;
E6C+4.-1F+58A15;
4+.@5F+;
3*/.+2/3/4.528-1+;
74/8H.@
.
511G0
43/4/7
,
15C2511G0
.
!*/,,/,
(1990)
7-=4.2/,
/.
42/7/DG
,
15+7/8--
@3/.*-
-
7+,
2 4/F+58A1/0
I+C1+
+ .-*53++
,
/D156/
/1
7-43/8-C-1
,
6/=D5
45,5
I+C1A
C54.528;-.
3*+C15.A
158+9+-
.*514F-1D-1.1G:
+C,-*-1+0
4@7R-6.+21/4.+
+ 2/C1+65H?+:
2 42;C+
4 E.+,
E6C+4.-1F+
-
58A1G:
3*/78-,
.
3/=*51+91G:
48@95;:
21@.*-11+0
6/1B8+6.
*5C*-<+,
3*+
4,-?-1++
B/6@45
21+,51+;
15
3*-D
-
,-.1G-
543-6.G
74/8H.5
,
.
.
-
.
3*+
3*/-6F++
21@.*-11-=/
6/1B8+6.5
2 158+91G0
4/F+58A1G0
6/1
-
.-64.
.
D156/
2 48@95-
4-*A-C1/0
35./8/=++
E./
3*56.+9-46+
7-43/8-C1/
.
56
2/C,/I1/
3*/D@6
-
.+21/-
3*-/D/8-1+-
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/=/
6/1B8+6.5
,
-48+
2 4/C151++
7/8A1/=/
/1
3*+/7*-8
,
6 3*+
-
,-*@
,
B57@8@
7*-D5
/.*528-1+;
4/
4./*/1G
15+7/8--
78+C6+:
*/D4.2-11+6/2
?
41/21/0
1-D/4.5
-
./6
E./=/
43/4/75
-
2 +C15958A1/,
3-*-1/4-
F-1.*5
"
3/.-1F+58A1/=/
"
2 3*52@H
954.A
*544,/.
-
*-11/0
4:-,G
,
2 3*/4.*514.2/
,
=D-
"
3/.-1F+58A1/-
"
*-D@F+*@-.4;
,
5 3*/78-,5
1-*5C*-<+,5
2
3*+1F+3-
.
35./8/=++
,
68+1+9-46/0
+ 4/F+58A1/0
,
3*+2/D+.
+ D*@=5;
6*501/4.A
-
3/81/-
45,//./
-
ID-4.28-1+-
4 5*:-.+3+9-46+,+
543-6.5,+
45,/4/C151+;
7-C
+:
+1.-=*5F++
+ 3/1+,51+;
/.1/4+
-
.-8A1/4.+
8H7G:
45,/+D-1.+B+65F+0
.
-*53-2.+9-46+0
43/4/7
,
@9+.G25H?+0
1-
./8A6/
E6C+4.-1F+58A1G-
,
1/
.*5143-*4/158A1G-
54
-
3-6.G
35./8/=++
,
3*-D3/85=5-.
15
3@.+
6 2GCD/*/28-1+H
*5C2+.+-
"
3/.-1F+58A1/=/
"
2 =5*,/
-
1+91/,
4/9-.51++
21-<1+:
+ 21@.*-11+:
45,//./ID-4.28-1+0
.
/=D5
4@7R-6.+21/4.A
/D@:/.2/*;
-
-.
158+91/-
7G.+-
,
5 158+915;
D-;.-8A1/4.A
43/4/74.2@-.
3*/;28-1+H
5*:-.+3+9-46/=/
2 D-;
-
.-8A1/4.1/0
3*-D,-.1/0
4B-*-
6/16*-.1/=/
4@?-4.2/251+;
.
511G0
3/D:/D
1-
;28;-.4;
9-,
-
./
3*+1F+3+58A1/
1/2G,
.
.9-.8+2/
+ 2/
24-:
D-.58;:
/1
+C8/
-
I-1
2 5:5;1-
(
F-1.*58A1/,
B+8/4/B46/,
@9-1++
7@DD+C,5
)
656
*-D+11G0
@.A
,
2 /41/2-
6/./
-
*/=/
8-I+.
4/-D+1-1+-
3/8;*1/4.+
42-*:8+91G:
+ /7GD-11G:
45,/+D-1.+B+65F+0
,
4/CD51+-
-D+
-
1/=/
3*/4.*514.25
45,/4/C151+;
,
+1.-=*+*/2511/=/
2 +1D+2+D@58A1/,
.
*/78-,5
21@.*-11-=/
*/4.5
1-
/4.5854A
7-C
21+,51+;
+ 2 -2*/3-046/0
B+8/4/B++
.
56
+ 2 7@DD+046/0
D@:/21/0
3*56.+
-
6-
,
D8;
E./=/
3@.+
./I-
-4.A
42/+
"
*-F-3.G
". "
4-
./
, -
3+<-.
.
!@6/
(1997,
4
.53),
+C
-
C5
9-=/
,+*
152-6+
3*/7@D-.
,+*/,
7-C@,+;
,
C*-8+?-
-=/
3@4./.G
,
-=/
3@4.@H
<@,+:@
,
F5*;?@H
2 1-0
4@,;.+
-
F@
C2@6/2
+ 6*54/6
,
24-
E./
48-D@-.
3*+1+,5.A
+ D5I-
D/3@465.A
2 4-7;
,
4/:*51;;
,
/D156/
,
;41/-
4/C151+-
-=/
=8@3/4.+
-
=8@3/4.+
,
/D+156/2/
3*+4@?-0
+ C*+.-8H
,
+ 45,/,@
C*-8+?@
.
1+,5.A
24-,@
E./,@
48-D@-.
1-
4-*A-C1/
,
1-
.56
,
656
21+,5H.
+4.+1-
,
1/
,
@D-8;;
./8+6@
8-=6/=/
+1.-*-45
,