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Collins was sentenced to confinement and hard labour for life in the Southern
Michigan State Prison. Obviously, he was not one of those men who stood
outside the law.

9.2.3.11 Aileen Wuornos

Aileen Wuornos murdered seven men across central Florida in under 12
months (Epstein, 1992; Kennedy, 1994; Lane & Gregg, 1992; Reynolds, 1992;
Scott, 1992). While she has been incorrectly called the first female serial killer,
Wuornos was one of the few such women who hunted her murder victims in
a predatory fashion (Fox & Levin, 1994; Kelleher & Kelleher, 1998; Scott). A
roadside prostitute of no fixed address, she hitchhiked from the Florida inter-
state entrances and truck stops in an effort to find customers. From November
1989 to November 1990, some of these men became her victims. They were
shot and robbed, then their bodies and vehicles dumped in various locations
over a vast area that stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico.

The exact locations of her victim encounter and murder sites are not

known. Wuornos was nomadic and lived in different motels in various cities,
but she appeared to have an anchor point located in Wildwood, Florida. It
was from the I-75 truck stop here that she hitchhiked and picked up many
of her clients.

After her arrest Wuornos argued self-defence, claiming that each of her

seven victims had tried to rape her. She asserted her innocence, emphasizing
that she was not a serial killer, only someone who had killed a series of men.
Considered a compulsive liar, Wuornos was diagnosed with both borderline
and antisocial personality disorders. Following a rather histrionic trial, the
jury found Aileen Wuornos guilty of murder and sentenced her to death in
the electric chair.

9.2.3.12 Ian Brady and Myra Hindley

The Moors Murderers, Ian Brady and Myra Hindley, hunted their victims in
the Manchester area of England from 1963 to 1965 (Harrison, 1987; Williams,
1967). Brady converted Hindley to his neo-Nazi world view and involved her
in a life of sexual sadism, pornography, and petty crime. The two lovers
eventually turned to murder, killing five people, all children or teenagers.
Brady and Hindley buried the bodies of their victims on Saddleworth Moor
about an hour’s drive east of the city, thereby earning the pair their infamous
nickname. They moved to an outlying estate during the murder series, and
for their last two crimes commuted into Manchester to search for victims.

Police found the corpse of the last victim in a back bedroom of the house

where Brady and Hindley lived after receiving a tip from the latter’s brother-
in-law who witnessed the attack the night before. Extensive digging on the
moors uncovered three of the victims’ remains, though the body of the

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remaining victim has never been found. Brady was found guilty of three
murders and Hindley of two. The killers escaped death twice: first when
police discovered a plan by one of the victim’s uncles to shoot them during
the trial, and again when 

The Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965

was passed a month after their arrest.

9.2.3.13 Jerry Brudos

Jerry Brudos, the Lust Killer, murdered at least four women in western
Oregon from 1968 to 1969 (Lane & Gregg, 1992; Newton, 1990a; Rule, 1983a,
Time-Life, 1992b). After strangling them, he mutilated their bodies in the
garage beside his house before dumping their corpses, weighed down with
automotive parts, in local rivers. His family was forbidden from entering the
locked garage. After the first murder, Brudos moved from Portland to Salem.
He used one of his dump sites twice.

Brudos had a shoe fetish and was attracted to some of his victims because

of their footwear. He possessed a collection of 40 pairs of high-heeled shoes
and often broke into homes to steal shoes or lingerie. Brudos liked to dress
up and photograph the corpses of his victims. He amputated the foot of his
first victim and stored it, shod, in the freezer.

Arrested after a tip from a suspicious college student whom he had dated,

Brudos eventually confessed to police investigators. A search of his home
revealed, amongst other bizarre souvenirs of the crimes, disturbing photo-
graphs of his captive victims. Brudos pled guilty and was sentenced to three
consecutive life sentences. Incarcerated in the Oregon State Penitentiary, he
became eligible for parole in 1999.

9.4 Serial Murder Characteristics

9.4.1 Offenders

A breakdown of the characteristics for the 15 offenders in the SFU serial
murder data set is provided in 

Table 9.4

. Percentages and frequencies, or

means, are used as appropriate. This is a summary of the information col-
lected in the 

Data Coding Form #1: Serial Killers

 (see Appendix B for the data

coding form). Co-killer information is also presented indicating whether a
serial murderer operated alone or with a partner.

Of the various serial murderer classifications discussed in the literature,

only the FBI organized/disorganized dichotomy and the Holmes and
De Burger typology are examined in the present research. The former was
included because degree of organization influences offender activity space,
and the latter because it is a commonly used typology.

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The mean values for total number of victims, total number of locations,

and duration of murder activity are case, not offender, based. There was an
average of 1.9 crime locations per victim in the sample. A lone offender was
involved 85% of the time. 

Table 9.4

 reveals no significant differences on these

variables from the larger serial killer data set (see 

Table 9.2

). Most of the

offenders fit the power/control-oriented serial murder type. Mean level of
organization was 2.1 (somewhat organized), assuming an interval coding

Table 9.4    Serial Murder Offender Data

Characteristic

Results

Sex

Male

87% (13)

Female

13% (2)

Co-Killer

Operated Alone

73% (11)

Operated With Partner

27% (4)

Mean Total Number of Victims

12

Mean Total Number of Locations

23

Mean Duration of Murder Activity

2.7 years

Degree of Organization

Organized

47% (7)

Somewhat Organized

20% (3)

Mixed

20% (3)

Somewhat Disorganized

7% (1)

Disorganized

7% (1)

Typology

Visionary

20% (3)

Mission-Oriented

0% (0)

Lust

13% (2)

Thrill

13% (2)

Comfort

7% (1)

Power/Control-Oriented

47 % (7)

Residence Type

Detached House

53% (8)

Semi-Detached House

0% (0)

Apartment

33% (5)

Hotel or Motel

7% (1)

Rooming or Lodging House

0% (0)

Trailer

0% (0)

Institution

0% (0)

Transient

7% (1)

Homeless

0% (0)

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scale. Detached house and apartment building were the most common
offender residence types.

9.4.2 Victims

A breakdown of the characteristics for the 178 victims in the SFU serial
murder data set is provided in 

Table 9.5

. Percentages and frequencies, or

means, are used as appropriate (percentages may add to more than 100
because of multiple responses). This is a summary of the information col-
lected in the 

Data Coding Form #2: Serial Murder Victims

 (see Appendix B

for the data coding form). Information is also presented on crime type
(murder, attempted murder, rape, or other sexual assault, coded as the most
serious offence), and secondary victim status (yes/same incident, yes/same
day, or no). The latter field is used to distinguish cases of multiple victims,
either murdered in the same incident, or else on the same day. Crime location
set data is presented and discussed below.

Table 9.5    Serial Murder Victim Data 

Characteristic

Results

Crime Type

Murder

75.3% (134)

Attempted Murder

16.9% (30)

Rape

5.1% (9)

Other Sexual Assault

2.8% (5)

Secondary Victim

Yes — Same Incident

12.9% (23)

Yes — Same Day

4.5% (8)

No

82.6% (147)

Sex of Victim

Male

27.5% (49)

Female

72.5% (129)

Victim/Killer Relationship

Stranger

93.8% (167)

Casual Acquaintance

6.2% (11)

Known

0% (0)

Killer Selection

Nonrandom/Patterned

74.7% (133)

Random/Nonpatterned

25.3% (45)

Victim Traits

Specific

47.8% (85)

Nonspecific

52.2% (93)

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Victim Activity

At Home

30.9% (55)

At Work

1.1% (2)

Commuting

6.2% (11)

Walking or Jogging

21.9% (39)

Hitchhiking

5.1% (9)

Other Travel

12.4% (22)

Visiting Friend

2.2% (4)

Outdoor Recreation

0% (0)

At Bar or Nightclub

10.7% (19)

At Other Social Event

5.1% (9)

Prostitution

22.5% (40)

Other

8.4% (15)

Killer Hunting Style — Search Method

Hunter

31.6% (49)

Poacher

54.8% (85)

Troller

11.6% (18)

Trapper

1.9% (3)

Killer Hunting Style — Attack Method

Raptor

78.7% (122)

Stalker

0% (0)

Ambusher

21.3% (33)

Control Method

Firearm

6.7% (12)

Knife

3.4% (6)

Blunt Instrument

2.8% (5)

Strangulation

0.6% (1)

Physical Force

18.5% (33)

Intoxicant

16.9% (30)

Threat

6.2% (11)

Blitz Attack (Victim Immediately Killed)

51.1% (91)

Unknown

6.7% (12)

Murder Method

Firearm

25.8% (46)

Knife

16.9% (30)

Blunt Instrument

21.3% (38)

Strangulation

37.6% (67)

Physical Force

2.2% (4)

Poison

0.6% (1)

Other

0.6% (1)

Unknown

3.9% (7)

No Murder Attempt

9% (16)

Table 9.5    Serial Murder Victim Data (continued)

Characteristic

Results