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www.fh-joanneum.at
MANAGEMENT
Enlargement 2004/07
01.07.2013
Hier steht der Name des Autors
11
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MANAGEMENT
•
In 1989, democracy swept away communism throughout Central
and Eastern Europe, with the fall of the Berlin Wall in September
often viewed as the symbolic culmination of the process.
•
These events took the whole world, but the European Community
reacted swiftly with emergency aid and loans to the fledgling
democracies.
•
These newly free CEECs all expressed their firm intention of
joining the European Union, but the EU proved quite resistant.
•
Instead, the EU signed Association Agreements, commonly known
as Europe Agreements, with Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia
in 1991.
Central and Eastern Europe’s Trade Arrangements (1)
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MANAGEMENT
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EU-CEEC Association Agreements establish bilateral free trade areas
between the EU and the individual CEECs.
•
They committed the EU to removing tariffs and quantitative
restrictions on most industrial products by the end of 1994, with
the CEECs being allowed a longer transition period.
•
Importantly, substantial protection remains for a group of 'sensitive'
industrial products including some textiles, some coal and steel
products, and almost all agricultural trade.
•
Beyond the liberalisation of most industrial goods, a further goal is
"to make progress towards realising between them the other
economic freedoms on which the Community is based."
CEE’s Trade Arrangements (2)
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MANAGEMENT
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To this end, the EAs contain provisions governing the
movement of services, capital and people. The
Agreements progressively liberalise trade in services.
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They also provide for bilateral national treatment of
firms.
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Finaly, a very important element of the Europe
Agreements is the commitment of the CEECs to adopt
laws on economic and related issues that approximate
the EU laws. This includes competition rules and limits on
state aid to industries.
CEE’s Trade Arrangements (3)
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MANAGEMENT
•
The modest nature of the EA, i.e. bilateral free trade agreements
instead of a deeper pluri-lateral arrangement such as the EEA,
reflected the EU’s profound ambivalence towards EU membership
for the CEECs.
•
For instance, the entry into force of the Europe Agreements was
substantially delayed by the slow action of the Parliaments of EU
member states.
•
Among others factors, the lack of a grand vision for Europe and
the lack of high-level political engagement in many EU member
states contributed to the long delay. Trade between the CEECs
and EU was governed by so-called Interim Agreements in the
mean time, which can be thought of as EAs minus the political
provisions.
CEE’s Trade Arrangements (4)