3. Read and translate the text. Summarize the ideas of the text and represent them in oral way.What Technosphere Is.The term technosphere is just the middle term of a larger process defined as the biosphere–noosphere transition. According to the Russian academician V. I. Vernadsky, the biosphere, as an evolving structure, is transformed into a new geological and evolutionary condition, the noosphere – Earth’s mental envelope. Briefly Vernadsky’s idea is as follows. All the biospheric processes jointly can be described as a single biogeochemical unity. Due to man’s transformation of nature since the industrial revolution, this biogeochemical unity has entered a state of ‘disorder’ – an accelerated process of industrialization which accompanies an evolutionary transition of the biosphere into the noosphere and creates a new environment called technosphere. While the term biosphere defines the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere, technosphere defines natural environment modified by man by means of industrial technology. This technological envelope is the sum of the processes invented by humans resulting from the application of certain scientific and economic principles, especially during the last half century, although it is not only made up of the factories, dams and irrigated fields, but also a variety of technological facts and features of a physical, chemical or biological nature

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Particularly, with the advent of digital technology, the technosphere has been expanded, giving rise to a global web of infrastructure for information management and communication scattered throughout the biosphere and even reaching out to the atmosphere into the already crowded geostationary orbits around the earth. 4. Look through the text one more time and answer the following questions.

• 
  What does the term technosphere according to V. I. Vernadsky mean?
  
• 
  What is the phenomenon that is called as the Earth’s mental envelope?
  
• 
  What are the processes that can influence upon the creation of a new environment called technosphere?
  
• 
  What does the term biosphere define?
  
• 
  Are there any advantages or/and disadvantages of technosphere creation? Name them.
  

5. Translate the sentences into English using your active vocabulary on the topic.

• 
  На самом деле, понятие техносфера – это лишь часть более масштабного процесса, обусловленного переходом от состояния биосферы к ноосфере.
  
• 
  По словам Вернадского, биосфера, как развивающаяся структура, трансформируется в новые геологические и эволюцтонные состояния.
  
• 
  Ноосферу мы можем назвать «интеллектуальной оболочкой Земли».
  
• 
  Идеи Вернадского заключаются в том, что все биосферные процессы могут быть описаны как одно биогеохимическое единство.
  
• 
  Из-за влияния человечества на природу биогеохимическое единство вошло в состояние «беспорядка».
  
• 
  Техносфера определяет природную среду, измененную человеком посредством промышленных технологий.
  
• 
  С изобретением цифровых технологий, пространство техносферы расширилось благодаря глобальным сетям, которые проникают не только в биосферу, но и достигают атмосферы.
  

6. Here is represented some additional information on the topic “What Technosphere is”. Read this abstract and translate it using a dictionary. It will help you to enlarge your knowledge in this sphere.TECHNOSPHERE OBJECTIVEIn the frames of technosphere the global web of infrastructure for information management and communication has grown through the expansion of structures that include a great variety of artifacts, hardware, software, networks of monitoring and communication satellites, remote-sensing techniques, data acquisition, artificial intelligence and decision making technology, etc.Nevertheless we must not forget that the objective of the technosphere is to replace the organic processes of the biosphere with totally industrialized ones, which may result in a severe disbalance in the biosphere. This disbalance refers to the disruption of the relationship between the inanimate and biological structures and processes which form the delicate mechanisms and interactive cycles of the biosphere. The phenomena such as global warming and over-population are symptomatic of the technospheric disruption of the natural order of the biosphere.

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Useful words and word-combinations:communication – передачаremote-sensing – телеметрияdata acquisition – сбор данныхartificial intelligence – искусственный интеллект7. Grammar box. Revise the theoretical material about the Tenses System of the English Language of the Active Voice. The table below will help you to summarize your ideas.Таблица времен английского языка активного залога.The Tenses of the Active Voice

	Indefinite (простое)	Continuous (длительное)	Perfect (совершенное)	Perfect Continuous (совершенное длительное)
Present (настоящее)	V/ Vs (3 лицо ед.число) DO / Does	Am Is + Ving are	Have Has (3 лицо ед.число) + Ved/V3	Have/has + being +Ved/V3
Past (прошедшее)	Ved/V2 Did	Was Were + Ving	Had+Ved /V3	Had +being+ Ved/V3
Future (будущее)	Will/Shall (1 лица ед. и мн. числа) + V	Will/shall +be +Ving	Will/shall +have +Ved/V3	Will/shall +have +being +Ved/V3

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