Министерство транспорта Российской ФедерацииФедеральное агентство железнодорожного транспортаОмский государственный университет путей сообщения         КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1по иностранному языку(английский язык)  ВАРИАНТ 1 (А-З)      Выполнил студент гр. 22еБабко Дмитрий ОлеговичРецензент Лавриненко Ирина Юрьевнакафедра РИЯ   20232.1.3.Определите, являются ли утверждения, данные ниже, правдивыми – соответствуют тексту (True) или ложными – не соответствуют тексту (False).

1. 
   A siding is a long track alongside a main or branch line to which one of two meeting trains is switched until the other train passes. (False)
   

2.     The cross-sectional area of a rail looks like letter "X" or letter "V". (False)3.     Only trains carry heavier cargoes for longer distances. (False)4.     Almost every country has at least one railroad. (True)5.     Main-line routes link small cities; branch lines extend between main lines and various places not served by main lines. (True)6.     The central government owns all or most of the railroad lines. (True)7.     But railways do not own a certain amount of land on both sides of the roadway. (False)8.     The web is the middle part between the head and the foot. (True) 2.1.4. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по содержанию текста. 1. What kinds of loads do railroads carry?Some trains carry passengers; others haul coal, grain lumber, machinery and other products on which people depend. 2. Why are railroads considered the most important and universal mode of transport?Due to its environmental, social and economic benefits, the railway is the most appropriate response to the challenges of transporting goods and passengers.3. What is the longest railroad line in the world?The world’s longest rail line is situated in Russia. It extends about 5,600 miles (9,000 km) and connects Moscow and Vladivostok.4. Who controls most railroad lines in many countries?In most countries, the central government owns all or most of the railroad lines. A state agency or a government-owned corporation operates the railroads, supports them and controls their construction, repair and maintenance.5. What are the basic elements of the track?The track and roadbed, together with such other railway structures as tunnels and bridg. In addition to the roadway, railways own a certain amount of land on both sides of the roadway. This land and the roadway make up a railroad's right-of-way.6. What building materials are used to make rails, crossties and ballast?Nowadays, all rails are made of high quality steel. The rails are rolled in steel mills and cut in certain lengths according to the railroad standards. The track is made up of two steel rails fastened to a series of wooden or concrete crossties. The rails and crossties that make up a railway track are laid along a roadbed – a land that has been prepared as a foundation for the track. 7. What parts do rails consist of?

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The rail consists of three main parts: the head (the upper part on which the wheels of the trains run), the foot (the lower part which rests upon the cross-ties), and the web (the middle part between the head and the foot). 8. What is the role of the fishplate?multiple-track allows trains to travel in opposite directions on the same line at the same time. 9. What rails are called continuous welded rails?Railroads use a two-railed track to guide trains along a permanent route.10. What do they ensure?Powerful diesel-electric or electric locomotives move most trains along the track.2.2. Vocabulary 2.2.1.Замените подчеркнутые слова синонимами из текста. 

1. 
   Railroads are and have always been the most important mode of transport. transportation
   

2. Some trains carry people; others transport various cargoes.carry passengers, some trains carry passengers; others haul coal, grain lumber, machinery and other products3. Almost every country has a railway.railroad4. The longest rail line extends for more than 9,000 km.extends about 5,600 miles5. This railroad joins the capital of Russia and Vladivostok.connects6. Most railroads all over the world are controlled by the state.operates the railroads, supports7. The railroad track consists of two parallel steel rails joined to timber or concrete sleepers.is made up of8. Rails are made up of 3 parts: the lower part, the upper part and the middle part.the head, the foot, and the web 2.2.2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим выражениям.- важный и наиболее универсальный вид транспортаrailroads have always been and still remain the most important and universal mode of transport- скоростные пассажирские поездаThe fastest passenger trains- управлять железными дорогамиoperates the railroads- строительство, ремонт, эксплуатацияsupports them and controls their construction, repair and maintenance- возрастающая конкуренцияincreasing competition- двигаться одновременно в противоположных направленияхto travel in opposite directions on the same line at the same time- железнодорожные сооружения: мосты и тоннелиrailway structures as tunnels and bridges- высококачественная сталь для рельсовall rails are made of high quality steel 2.3.Grammar 2.3.1. Выпишите из текста 2 предложения, в которых имена прилагательные стоят в сравнительной степени, и 3 предложения, в которых имена прилагательные стоят в превосходной степени сравнения. Переведите все предложения на русский язык.Only ships carry heavier cargoes for longer distances; and only airplanes provide a faster means of public transportation than railroads do. - Только корабли перевозят более тяжелые грузы на большие расстояния; и только самолеты являются более быстрым средством общественного транспорта, чем железные дороги.

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The fastest passenger trains in regular service travel at speeds of up to 185 mph (296kmph). - Самые быстрые пассажирские поезда регулярного сообщения курсируют со скоростью до 185 миль в час (296 км/ч).The track is made up of two steel rails fastened to a series of wooden or concrete crossties. - Колея состоит из двух стальных рельсов, прикрепленных к ряду деревянных или бетонных шпал. A lot of main lines consist of two or more tracks laid side by side. - Многие магистральные линии состоят из двух или более путей, проложенных бок о бок. Such multiple-track allows trains to travel in opposite directions on the same line at the same time. - Такая многопутная система позволяет поездам двигаться в противоположных направлениях по одной и той же линии в одно и то же время.  2.3.2.Выпишите из текста 4 предложения, выделенные курсивом, и переведите на русский язык. ПоставьтеихвовременаPast Simple PassiveиFuture Simple Passive.Например:Heavy cargoes are carried by ships. – Тяжелые грузы перевозятся кораблями.1)    Heavy cargoes were carried by ships.2)    Heavy cargoes will be carried by ships.The world’s longest rail line is situated in Russia. - Самая длинная в мире железнодорожная линия находится в России.1)The longest railway line in the world was situated in Russia.2)The world's longest railway line will be situated in Russia.The track is made up of two steel rails fastened to a series of wooden or concrete crossties. - Колея состоит из двух стальных рельсов, прикрепленных к ряду деревянных или бетонных шпал.1)The track consisted of two steel rails fastened to a series of wooden or concrete crossties.2)The track will consist of two steel rails fastened to a series of wooden or concrete crossties.Nowadays, all rails are made of high quality steel. - В настоящее время все рельсы изготавливаются из высококачественной стали.1)Nowadays, all rails were made of high quality steel.2)Nowadays, all rails will be made of high quality steel.The rails are rolled in steel mills and cut in certain lengths according to the railroad standards. - Рельсы прокатываются на сталелитейных заводах и нарезаются на определенную длину в соответствии со стандартами железных дорог.1)The rails were rolled at steel mills and are cut to a certain length in accordance with railroad standards.2)The rails will be rolled at steel mills and cut to a certain length in accordance with railroad standards.2.3.3. Замените предложения в действительном залоге (ActiveVoice) предложениями в страдательном залоге (PassiveVoice), используя выделенные курсивом слова в качестве подлежащего.Например:Ships carry heavy cargoes.Heavy cargoes are carried by ships. 1. The railroad engineers installed high-quality steel rails and concrete crossties on this line.

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2. Railroad builders use steel fishplates to join rails end-to-end.3. Workers weld together standard rails to make continuous welded rails.4. Engineers used crushed stone and gravel to make good ballast.5. Engineers employ special equipment to make the land for the roadbed smooth and level.6. Railroad engineers planned the route for the future railroad line with the least possible grades and curves.7. Steep grades limit both the speeds of trains and the loads carried.8. Engineers often design railroad bridges and tunnels along the route. 2.3.4. Выберите из 5 подчеркнутых в тексте предложений только те, которые соответствуют конструкции Perfect Tenses (ActiveVoice,PassiveVoice). Выпишите их и переведите на русский язык.In test runs, these trains have reached speeds of more than 250 mph (400kmph). - В ходе тестовых пробегов эти поезда развили скорость более 250 миль в час (400 км/ч).The rails and crossties that make up a railway track are laid along a roadbed – a land that has been prepared as a foundation for the track. - Рельсы и шпалы, составляющие железнодорожный путь, укладываются вдоль дорожного полотна – земли, которая была подготовлена в качестве фундамента для пути. 2.3.5. Что происходит в данный момент. Напишите правдивые предложения.1)   I / wash / my hair.2)   It / snow.3)   I / sit / on a chair.4)   I / eat.5)   It / rain. 6)   I / learn English.7)   I / listen to music.8)   The sun / shine.9)   I / wear shoes.10) I / read the newspaper.

1. 
   I'm washing my hair
   
2. 
   It's snowing outside
   
3. 
   I'm sitting on a chair
   
4. 
   I eat
   
5. 
   outside The bad weather is the rain
   
6. 
   I learn English
   
7. 
   I like to listen to music
   
8. 
   The sun is very shining
   
9. 
   I wear different shoes
   
10. 
    I like to read the newspaper
    

 2.3.6. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в правильную форму the Past Continuous или the Past Simple. 1)    When I … (come) home, my little sister … (sleep).When I come home, my little sister is asleep.2)    When I … (see) my friends yesterday morning, they … (play) football.When I saw my friends yesterday morning, they were playing football.3)    Tom … (slip) and … (fall) down when he … (cross) the road.Tom slipped and fell down when he was crossing the road. 2.3.7 Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в правильную форму Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous или Past Simple.1)   A: Where … (be / you) yesterday?      B: I … (be) at home the whole day.      A: How strange. I … (ring) you up at 2 o'clock, but nobody … (answer).B: Oh, I … (be) in the garden. I … (read) the book and … (not / hear) the phone. Was there anything urgent? 2)   Listen! Somebody … (play) the piano.3)   I … (like) music very much.1) A: Where were you yesterday?B: I was at home he whole day.A: How strange. I ringed you up at 2 o'clock, but nobody answered.B: Oh, I was in the garden. I was reading the book and didn't hear the phone. Was there anything urgent?2) Listen! Somebody play the piano.3) I love music very much.

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 2.3.8. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя указанное время и залог.          Simple tenses (Present/Past/Future). Passive Voice.1)    Торт будет испечен шеф-поваром.The cake will be baked by the chef.2)    Эта книга была написана известным писателем.This book was written by a famous writer.3)    Машина была отремонтирована профессиональным механиком.The car has been repaired by a professional mechanic.4)    В прошлом году концерт посетили тысячи поклонников.Thousands of fans attended the concert last year.5)    Эту ошибку часто совершают студенты первого курса.This mistake is often made by first-year students. Continuous tenses (Present/Past/Future). Passive Voice.6)    В данный момент речь произносит политик.At the moment, the speech is being delivered by a politician.7)    На этой неделе предложение рассматривается комитетом.The proposal is being considered by the committee this week.8)    Прямо сейчас студент исправляет ошибку.Right now the student is correcting the error.9)    На этой неделе проект завершается командой.This week the project is being completed by the team.10)    Сейчас посылку доставляет наш почтальон.Now the parcel is being delivered by our postman. Perfect tenses (Present/Past/Future). Passive Voice.11)         Дом был построен известной строительной компанией в этом году.The house was built by a well-known construction company this year.12)         На этой неделе фильм посмотрели миллионы людей.Millions of people have watched the film this week.13)         Сегодня тест был сдан студентами с очень хорошими результатами.Today the test was passed by students with very good results.14)         Песня была написана малоизвестным музыкантом.The song was written by a little-known musician.15)         Письмо было только что написано вашим секретарем.The letter was just written by your secretary. 2.3.9. Выберите правильный вариант. 1. Our house is … than that house.A) big                   B) the biggest                 C) bigger     D) biggest   E) a big 2. … expensive the hotel, … the service.A       The more  /  the betterB       The most / the bestC       More / bestD       More / the betterE       The more / the best 3. It’s … today than yesterday. It isn’t … cold today … it was yesterday.A       warmer / as / thanB       warm / as / asC       warmer / as / asD       warmest / as / asE       the warmer / as / as 4. You are driving too … .  Can you drive …?A       fast  /  a bit slowestB       fast / much slowerC       fast / a bit more slowestD       fast / a bit slowerE       fast / a bit more slowly

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