School in the Slums

• 
  Slums – трущобы
  
• 
  Locks – замки
  
• 
  Guards — охранники
  
• 
  Permission — разрешение
  

Mellish school is in the slums of Brooklyn for pupils between twelve and fifteen

years of age. There are about 1500 pupils there, and 90 teachers.

It’s a problem school, perhaps one of the most difficult schools in America. The white teachers can’t walk to the school because they may be attacked. They all drive to school, and their cars have special locks. There’s always a black policeman at the door of the school. He has a radio contact with the school guards. Pupils must have a written permission from the teacher if they want to go to the toilet. There’s a guard outside the washroom. Only one child can go into the washroom at a time, and he can’t stay there long.

The children who live in that district go to that school. They are all black children. However, why do the teachers work there?

“It’s very hard of course,” says Jane Flinch, a forty- five-year-old teacher. Most children have problems at home. Some of them are beaten by their parents. Some of them sleep at the lessons because they had to work at night. Some of the children get sick at the lessons because they didn’t have breakfast or even a meal for a day or two.

It’s the love of the job that keeps the teachers in that school. They teach and do social work. They feel that they are doing something good for the children who need help.

“There’s also the problem of violence,” says one of the teachers. “Sometimes when I go into a class, I can feel that some of the children are like a dynamite. However, I feel quite safe. I am sure that other pupils will help me.” There is very little money for teaching in that school. There is no money to buy food for the children.

The principal of the school has been there for many years. A lot of his happy optimism has gone. “No, I’m not optimistic about the future. Look around you,” he says and points out of the window at the high wall round the school. ”It’s not a very bright sight: buildings have holes instead of the windows, shops are closed, groups of people are sitting on the steps of the houses. They have nowhere to go and nothing to do.”

“We need money,” he says, “money is the only way to help this school and these people, and, of course, jobs for the people.”

Задания к тексту.

Exercise 1. Подберите правильный ответ.

Mellish school is for

a) small children.

b) older children.

c) small and older children.

The white teachers can’t walk to school because

a) they live far from the school.

b) they don’t like to walk.

c) it’s dangerous for them.

There’s a policeman

a) at the door of the school.

b) near the toilet.

c) outside the washroom.

The white teachers work there because

a) they can’t find a better job.

b) they love their job.

c) they get a lot of money there.

The school needs

a) more money

b) more teachers.

c) more policemen.

Exercise 2.  Say if the statements are true, false or not mentioned.

1. 
   Mellish school is in the slums of Mexico.
   
2. 
   Most children have problems at home.
   
3. 
   Mellish a problemschool.
   
4. 
   The principal of the school has 5 children in his family.
   
5. 
   Theschoolneedsmoney.
   
6. 
   It’s good salary that keeps the teachers in that school.
   

Exercise 3. Answerthequestions.

1. 
   Where is Mellish school situated?
   
2. 
   How many pupils are there in the school?
   
3. 
   Is it hard or easy for the teachers to work in this school?
   
4. 
   Why do some of the pupils sleep during the lessons?
   
5. 
   Istheprincipaloptimistic?
   

Exercise 4. Заполните пропуски одним подходящим по смыслу словом.

1. 
   Mellish school is one of the most difficult schools in ___________.
   
2. 
   The ___________ teachers can’t walk to the school because they may be attacked.
   
3. 
   Pupils must have a written permission from the teacher if they want to go to the ___________.
   
4. 
   The teachers teach and do __________ work.
   

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Exercise 5. Write about the problems of Mellish school.

Presents for the Natives

Miklukho-Maclay was a Russian scientist and traveller who lived more than a year on the island of New Guinea. The ship came to the island in the evening of a September day in 1871. Next morning the captain said to Maclay:

“You are coming ashore. Why don’t you take more men with you? Have you a gun?”

“I don’t need a gun. I have presents for the natives.”

The island was beautiful. There were trees and flowers everywhere, and it was very hot. The sun shone brightly high above Maclay’s head. He walked for some time down a forest path. Suddenly he stopped because he heard a noise. A native stood in front of him. He looked at Maclay quickly and then started running away. Maclay ran after him. The native looked back and suddenly stopped. Maclay took out some presents and showed them to the man. The native took the presents and smiled. This was how Miklukho-Maclay met the first black man on the first day of his life in New Guinea. The native’s name was Tui. He was Maclay’s best friend all the time that the traveller lived on the island.

On the first of October Maclay started out for a walk in the forest. He carried no gun. He had only a notebook and a pencil. In the forest, he met a native boy who saw him and ran away. Maclay heard the voices of men and women and the cries of children. Suddenly many men with spears in their hands came out. They stopped and looked at Maclay angrily. When he tried to say something, one of the men wanted to throw his spear at him. Maclay did not know a word of their language. He could not explain that he was their friend. He knew that he had to do something quickly. And a good idea came to him. He suddenly sat down on the ground and began to take off his shoes. Then he lay down, put a bag under his head and ... slept. The natives did nothing to him.

Заданияктексту.

Задание 1. Say YES /NO

1. 
   Did Mikiukho-Maclay take a gun when he came ashore? Yes / No
   
2. 
   Was it very hot on the island? Yes / No
   
3. 
   Did the native boy run away when he saw Mikiukho- Maclay? Yes / No
   
4. 
   Did Tui take the presents from Mikiukho-Maclay? Yes / No
   

Задание 2. Correct the following sentences according to the test “Presents tor the Natives".

1. 
   MiklukhoMaclay lived on the Island more than two years.
   
2. 
   Miklukho-Maclay took a lot of men with him when he came ashore.
   
3. 
   Miklukho-Maclay did not run after the native
   
4. 
   Tuibecamehisenemy
   
5. 
   When Miklukho-Maclay went for a walk he had a gun and a spear with him.
   
6. 
   Miklukho-Maclay could easily explain to the natives that he was their friend.
   

Задание 3. Read the text and say if the statements are true or false.

1. 
   Theislandwasbeautiful.
   
2. 
   The native didn’t take the presents and were angry.
   
3. 
   The island was New Guinea.
   
4. 
   Maclay knew the natives’ language and could speak well.
   

Задание 4. Complete the sentences according to the teхt.

1. 
   I don’t ... a gun.
   
2. 
   The sun shone ... high above Maclay’s head.
   
3. 
   A nativestood ... him.
   
4. 
   This was how Miklukho-Maclay met the first ... on the first day of his life in New Guinea.
   
5. 
   Maclay heard the ... of men and women and the cries of children.
   
6. 
   Maclay did not know ... of their language.
   

Задание 5. Why in your opinion Miklukho-Maclay didn’t take a gun to the island?

The Olympic Champion AlexandrMedved Gives Advice

A wrestler must have many qualities to beat his rivals. He must be strong and very quick. Then he needs enough strength to tear the rival from the mat and throw him on the floor.

I will tell you about myself. I grew up tall and thin with no great strength in my arms. Wrestling came into my life when I was 18. I was 188 cm tall and weighed 85 kg and could not compete with my rivals in strength.

Then I decided to build up my muscles. I developed a system of exercises, which helped me to become stronger. I spent much time weight lifting. I lifted a bar equal to my own weight, which is up to 100 kg. However, that happened after two years of regular exercising. At first, the weight was only 30-40 kg. In general, I advise to choose the weight, which is twice as small as your own.

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Push-ups were also of great help to me. At first, I could push up only 3 or 4 times, so weak were my arms! Then 30 times. Interesting enough, if you strengthen your legs, you feel as if your body has become much lighter. It is a very useful exercise. I also worked with dumb-bells and weights and threw heavy stones into air. You must combine muscle-building exercises with long distance running. It is a good relaxation for the arms and back muscles.

I was considered the strongest heavyweight wrestler in the world. However, I have never been the biggest among my rivals. I weighed a little over 100 kg but defeated even those who weighed 120, 150 and 180 kg like the American Chris Taylor whom I threw on the floor at the 1972 Olympics. If you are strong, you do not fear any rivals! My advice to you is if you want to be strong, take up physical exercises at once.

Заданияктексту.

Exercise 1. Choose the right answer.

Thesportsmanis

1. 
   A boxer b) a wrestler,   c) a runner
   

He began to do sports when he was

15. 
    b) 17.    c)  18.
    

If you strengthen your legs, you feel as if your body has become

1. 
   a) much lighter b) heavier c) smaller
   

Long distance running is a good relaxation for

1. 
   Your mind b) the arms and back muscles c) the leg muscles
   

Exercise 2. Say if the statements are true or false.

1. 
   AlexandrMedved grew up tall and thin with no great strength in his arms.
   
2. 
   When he was 18, he could easily compete with his rivals in strength.
   
3. 
   At first, he lifted a bar equal to only 30-40 kg.
   
4. 
   After a year of regular exercising, he lifted a bar equal to 100 kg.
   
5. 
   Push-ups were not of great help to him.
   

Exercise 3. Insert the words, according to the text.

1. 
   A wrestler must have many qualities to __________ his rivals.
   
2. 
   ____________came into my life when I was 18.
   
3. 
   Then I decided to build up my ___________.
   
4. 
   At first, I could push up only 3 or 4 times, so weak were my ___________
   
5. 
   I weighed a little over 100 kg but ______________ even those who weighed 120, 150 and 180 kg
   

Exercise 4. Answerthequestions.

1. 
   What qualities must a wrestler have to beat his rivals?
   
2. 
   What advice does A. Medved give about choosing the weight for the weight lifting exercises?
   
3. 
   How can a person become strong?
   

Exercise 5. Write about your favorite sportsperson.

ОТВЕТЫ

School in the Slums

Упражнение 1. 1b, 2c, 3a, 4b, 5a

Упражнение 2. 1 false, 2 true, 3 true, 4 not mentioned, 5 true, 6 false

Упражнение 3.

Возможные ответы:

1. 
   Mellish school is in the slums of Brooklyn.
   
2. 
   There are 1500 pupils in the school
   
3. 
   It is hard for the teachers to work in this school
   
4. 
   Some of the pupils sleep during the lessons, because they work at night.
   
5. 
   Theprincipalisnotoptimistic
   

Упражнение 4. 1 America, 2 white, 3 toilet (washroom), 4 social

Упражнение 5. Вашиответы.

Presents for the Natives

Упражнение 1. 1 No, 2 Yes, 3 Yes, 4 Yes

Упражнение 2. Варианты ответов.

1. 
   MiklukhoMaclay lived on the Island for more than a year.
   
2. 
   Miklukho-Maclay was alone when he came ashore.
   
3. 
   Miklukho-Maclay ran after the native
   
4. 
   Tui became his best friend.
   
5. 
   When Miklukho-Maclay went for a walk he had a notebook and a pencil with him.
   
6. 
   Miklukho-Maclay couldn’t explain to the natives that he was their friend.
   

Упражнение 3. 1 true, 2 false, 3 true, 4 false

Упражнение 4. 1 need, 2 brightly, 3 in front of, 4 native, 5 voices, 6 a word

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Упражнение 5. Вашиварианты.

The Olympic Champion Gives Advice

Exercise 1. 1b, 2с, 3a, 4b

Exercise 2. 1 true, 2 false, 3 true, 4 false, false

Exercise 3. 1 beat, 2 wrestling, 3 muscles, 4 arms, 5 defeated

Exercise 4. Варианты ответов.

1. 
   A wrestler must be strong and very quick.
   
2. 
   He advises to choose the weight, which is twice as small as your own.
   
3. 
   If you want to be strong, take up physical exercises.
   

Exerсise 5. Вашиварианты

The Great Romantic

Lord Byron (1788-1824) didn’t live a long life. He was an aristocrat and a fashionable man. But he loved freedom (свободу) and a simple country life. His personality attracted Britain and all Europe. He brought to his poetry romanticism of his times. He was talented and handsome, noble and brave. London admired him.

 George Gordon Byron was born on January 22^nd, 1788. He was the son of John Byron and his wife, Catherine, whose ancestors (предки) were of the royal house of Stuart. He spent his early years outside the capital. He lived in the north. Later his mother took him to Aberdeen. There they lived for several years. George went to Aberdeen Grammar School and there is a monument to him outside the school. Now it is a museum and art gallery. Later he studied at   Harrow School and the University of Cambridge.

When Byron was 19, he came to London. One day the poet wrote, “I woke up (проснулся) and found myself (обнаружил, что я) famous.”  It happened after the publication of his autobiographic poem “Childe Harold” in 1812.

 The fact is that from 1809 to 1811 he had traveled in different parts of Europe and in the poem he described everything that had happened to him.

In the summer of 1816 Byron left Britain forever (навсегда). He traveled around Europe and soon he became a member of the Greek liberation movement (освободительное движение), for which he died. But he did not lead the Greeks in battle as he wished. Hediedoffever (лихорадка).
I. Переведите на английский язык.

1) Он любил свободу и простую сельскую жизнь.

2) Он принес в свою поэзию романтизм того времени.

3) Сейчас это музей и галерея искусства.
II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1) When and where was G. Byron born?

2) Where did he study?  

3) What did he describe in the poem?

4) When did he die?

                               

CHRISTMAS

         The 25^th of December is Christmas Day. It’s a happy holiday for many people in different countries.

         Some week before Christmas English people are busy. They send greeting cards to all their relatives and friends. You can buy Christmas cards or you can make them. Many children make their cards at school.

         People buy a Christmas tree and decorate it with toys, colored balls and little colored lights.

         On Christmas Eve people put their presents under the tree. When children go to bed, they put their stockings near their beds.

         At night Father Christmas comes. He has got a big bag of presents for children. He puts the presents in the children’s stockings.

         Every year there is a very big Christmas tree in the centre of London, in Trafalgar Square. This is a present from the people of Norway to the people of Great Britain. They send it to Londoners every year and Londoners decorate the Christmas tree.

         In the evening before Christmas people like to come to Trafalgar Square to look at the tree. On Christmas Eve streets in London are decorated, too.

         The shops are very busy at Christmas. People want to buy presents for their family and friends (for their nearest and dearest). And they buy a lot of food and drink for all the Christmas parties.

         People open their presents on Christmas morning and they all are happy with what they get.

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         For Christmas lunch people eat turkey, potatoes and green vegetables. Then they have the Christmas pudding. At five o’clock it’s time for tea and Christmas cake.

           On Christmas people wish their nearest and dearest a merry Christmas.

         The day after Christmas is Boxing Day. People usually visit their relatives and friends. They do not work on that day.
1.   Answer the questions.

      1) Why are people busy some weeks before Christmas?

2) Where can people get Christmas cards?

     3)  Where is a Christmas tree from?

     4) What are the traditional Christmas dishes?

     5) What is Boxing Day?

     6) Do English people like Christmas?
2. Complete the sentences.

1. Many children make their cards at …….

2. Father Christmas puts the presents in the children’s ………..

3. There is a very big Christmas tree in the centre of ………

4. On Christmas people wish their nearest and dearest a ……….

5. They do not………. on that day.

                       Monsters of the sea?

         People have always been afraid of sharks. Films like “ Jaws” have shown them as monsters. But now these animals are in danger, like many others.

In recent years, shark meat has become a popular food in America. Too much fishing has begun to reduce the numbers of some kinds of shark. Some people say this is a good thing. Sharks kill about twenty-five people a year near the world’s beaches. Are we going to help sharks, or are they going to become extinct?

      It’s hard to solve the sharks’ “ image” problem and change people’s minds about them. Sharks are hunters and so they naturally kill. But actually elephants kill more people than sharks every year – and every–one likes elephants.

       Sharks are very important for the world’s oceans. They eat unhealthy fish and keep the numbers of different kinds of sea animals in balance. Now scientists are trying to find way to protect these animals. They have been in the oceans for 350 million years. Perhaps they can survive a little longer.
Выберите соответствующие содержанию текста  предложения.

1. 
   Films have shown sharks as monsters.
   
2. 
   Sharks are in danger like others.
   
3. 
   Shark meat has become a popular food only in Canada.
   
4. 
   The number of some kinds of shark has reduced because of much fishing.
   
5. 
   All people say this is good  that a number of some kinds of sharks has reduced.
   
6. 
   Sharks are not monsters because they don’t kill anybody.
   
7. 
   It’s not hard to solve sharks ‘image’ problem.
   
8. 
   Sharks are hunters so they naturally kill.
   
9. 
   Elephants kill less people than sharks, so people like  them .
   

10.Sharks are very important for the world’s oceans because they kill unhealthy fish.

11.Sharks have been in the oceans for 200 years.

                                PACKING by Jerome K. Jerome

      Holiday time was near now, and we, that is, Harris and George and I met to discuss our plans. Harris said that the first thing was to discuss what to take with us. He also said that we couldn't take the whole world in a boat. They could take what they really needed.

     "It is very important," Harris said, "to have everything we need for a long swim every morning before breakfast." He also said that a long swim always gave him fine appetite. "If you're going to eat more than you usually do," George said, "I think we'll let you go swimming not more than once in three or four days. If you go swimming every day, we'll never have enough food for you. We won't be able to carry so much in the boat. "

      So we discussed the food question. "Begin with breakfast," George said. "For breakfast we must have a tea-pot," Harris said, "ham, eggs, bread and butter and jam. It's easy to prepare breakfast with such things. And for lunch — cold meat, bread and butter and jam — but no cheese. "

        We agreed. Cheese in a boat in summer, little by little becomes the master of all the food. You may think you're eating sausage or meat and potatoes or cake, but it all seems to be cheese.

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