Контрольная работа № 2

Вариант 1

1. 
   Прочтите и переведите текст.
   

Russia

1. 
   Russia is the world's largest country, stretching over Eastern Europe and northern Asia. It covers twice the territory of either the US or China. Russia is bounded in the west by Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Belarus, and the Ukraine and is bounded in the south by Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China and North Korea.
   
2. 
   Russia displays a variety of land-forms and environments. Russia is located on two main plains -the Russian (East European) Plain and the West Siberian Plain. The Ural Mountains, the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia, run for over 2,000 kilometres from north to south.
   
3. 
   Russia is a land of long rivers and deep lakes. The broad Volga River system is of great historic, economic and cultural importance to Russia. It is the longest river in Europe extending 3700 kilometres from Valdai Hills to the Caspian Sea. Russia has also several sizable lakes. The Caspian Sea, partially within the territory of the country, is the world's largest inland body of water. Lake Baikal, in Eastern Siberia, is the deepest lake in the world.
   
4. 
   Russia's climate is markedly continental, with cold winters and mild or warm summers, depending on latitude. The tundra's ground is solidly frozen most of the year. The taiga gives way southward to a zone of deciduous forests.
   
5. 
   And Southern Russia is covered with mixed forest-steppe that gives way to true steppe, which is grass-covered and almost treeless.
   
6. 
   Russia is among the world's richest countries in mineral resources. It produces coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper and others.
   
7. 
   The population of Russia is about 150 million people. Members of more than 60 other ethnic groups also live in Russia, and about 25 of these minorities have their own autonomous republics within the Russian Federation.
   
8. 
   The Russian Federation is set up by the Constitution of 1993. According to the Constitution Russia is a Presidential Republic. The President is elected for four years and is the head of the State. The Federal Government consists of three brunches: legislative, executive and judicial. All of them are checked by the President.
   

Russia has always played an important role in the world. It is one of its leading powers

2. 
   Перепишите и письменно переведите 3 абзац
   

Россия - страна длинных рек и глубоких озер. Широкая речная система Волги имеет большое историческое, экономическое и культурное значение для России. Это самая длинная река в Европе, протянувшаяся на 3700 километров от Валдайской возвышенности до Каспийского моря. В России также есть несколько крупных озер. Каспийское море, частично находящееся на территории страны, является крупнейшим в мире внутренним водоемом. Озеро Байкал, расположенное в Восточной Сибири, является самым глубоким озером в мире.

3. 
   Перепишите следующие предложения в Passive Voice, определите время и вид сказуемого, переведите предложения.
   

The Russian Federation is set up by the Constitution of 1993. Российская Федерация образована конституцией 1993 года.

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is set up - Passive Voice (пассивный залог), Present Simple от формы инфинитива to be set up, образованный при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и глагола to set up III форме.
2.Russia's chemical industry has always been well developed.

Химическая промышленность России всегда была развита хорошо

has been developed - Passive Voice (пассивный залог), Present Perfect от формы инфинитива to be developed, образованный при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и глагола to develop в III форме.
3. After 1870 the fast railway engineering in Russia was stimulated by industrial boom. После 1870 года скоростная железнодорожная инженерия в России стимулировалась промышленным бумом.

was stimulated - Passive Voice (пассивный залог), Past Simple от формы инфинитива to be stimulated, образованный при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и глагола to stimulate в III форме.

4. 
   To the north of the capital medieval Russian towns are situated. К северу от столицы расположены средневековые русские города.
   

are situated - Passive Voice (пассивный залог), Present Simple от формы инфинитива to be situated, образованный при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и глагола to situate в III форме.

4.Перепишите предложения. Замените модальные глаголы их эквивалентами и поставьте их в прошедшую и будущую форму времени Simple, активного залога; переведите предложения.
1.The climate in the central part of Russia can be considered as mild. Климат в центральной части России можно считать мягким. Функция возможности.

One is able to consider the climate in the central part of Russia as mild. To be able to - эквивалент модального глагола can.

One could consider the climate in the central part of Russia as mild.

One will be able to consider the climate in the central part of Russia as mild.
2.We may see steppes in the south; plains and forests in the midlands; tundra and taiga in the North; highlands and deserts in the East. Мы можем увидеть степи на юге; равнины и леса в средней полосе; тундру и тайгу на севере; высокогорья и пустыни на востоке. . Функция возможности.

We can see steppes in the south; plains and forests in the midlands; tundra and taiga in the North; highlands and deserts in the East. В этом случае эквивалент - модальный глагол can.

We could see steppes in the south; plains and forests in the midlands; tundra and taiga in the North; highlands and deserts in the East.

We will be able to see steppes in the south; plains and forests in the midlands; tundra and taiga in the North; highlands and deserts in the East
3. The longest rivers must be considered Volga in Europe and the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena in Asia. Самыми протяженными реками следует считать Волгу в Европе и Обь, Енисей и Лену в Азии. Функция долженствования.

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One has to consider the longest rivers the Volga in Europe and the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena in Asia. To have to - эквивалент модального глагола must.

One had to consider the longest rivers the Volga in Europe and the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena in Asia.

One will have to consider the longest rivers the Volga in Europe and the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena in Asia.

5. 
   Письменно ответьте на вопросы.
   

1. 
   What is the geographical position of Russia? Russia is located on the territory of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Russia is bounded in the west by Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Belarus, and the Ukraine and is bounded in the south by Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China and North Korea.
   
2. 
   What mineral resources does Russia have? coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, copper and others are mined in Russia
   
3. 
   What leading towns of Russia do you know? The capital of Russia is Moscow. the second city in terms of population is St. Petersburg. What is the structure of the government of Russia? The Russian Federation was established by the 1993 Constitution. Under the Constitution, Russia is a Presidential Republic. The President is elected for six years and is the Head of State. The federal government consists of three brunches: the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. All are vetted by the President
   

6. 
   Найдите в тексте и объясните формы образования множественного числа существительных, подчеркните их.
   

Kilometres - согласный звук r

Lakes - гласная е

Countries – сущ. на -y

Resources - гласная е

Minorities – сущ. на -y

Brunches – сущ. на -ch

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