Файл: Страдательный или пассивный залог (Passive Voice) в английском языке.docx
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Самостоятельная работа по теме 3.2
Задание 1. Составьте свод грамматических правил, связанных с употреблением пассивного залога в повседневной речи.
Ответ:
Страдательный или пассивный залог (Passive Voice) в английском языке — это грамматическая конструкция, которая показывает, что человек или предмет не совершает действие, а испытывает на себе действие, которое на него направлено.
Формула пассивного залога:
to be + V3 / V-ed
Важно запомнить: в пассивном залоге в разных временах меняется только форма глагола to be, а глагол в 3 форме остается неизменным, независимо от времени
Present Simple Passive | Past Simple Passive | Future Simple Passive |
am + V3 / V-ed is + V3 / V-ed are + V3 / V-ed | was + V3 / V-ed were + V3 / V-ed | will be + V3 / V-ed |
Примеры страдательного залога:
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Our car was sold a month ago. – Наша машина была продана месяц назад.
В этом предложении акцент на том, что машина была продана, но неизвестно и не важно, кто ее продал. was sold – это форма глагола в пассивном залоге в Past Simple)
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The notes are written by Tom. – ЗапискинаписаныТомом.
Несмотря на то, что действие было выполнено Томом, Том – это не подлежащее. В этом предложении подлежащим является the letters, и действие are written направлено на него.
Задание 2. Образуйте условные предложения.
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Не is busy and does not come to see us. If ... 2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If ... 3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If ... 4. He speaks English badly: he has no practice. If ... 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that's why I did not come to see you. If ... 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that's why it struck a rock. If ... 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If ... 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If ... 9. The sea is rough, and we cannot sail to the island. If ... 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If ... 11. It is late, and I have to go home. If ... 12. I was expecting my friend to come, that's why I could not go to the cinema with you. If ... 13. He always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favourite subject and he works a lot at it. If ... 14. I did not translate the article yesterday because I had no dictionary. If ... 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If ... 16. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That's why I took a taxi. If ...
Ответ: 1. if he is not busy, he does come.
2. if the grill studied well last year, she didn't receive bad marks.
3. if he didn't brake bicycle, he went to the country.
4. if he doesn't speak english badly: he has practice.
5. if I hadn't a bad headache yesterday, I came to see you.
6. if the ship wasn't sailing near the coast, it's not struck a rock.
7. if he was in town, he was present at our meeting.
8. if pavement wasn't so slippery, I didn't fall and didn't hurt my leg.
9. if the sea isn't rough, we can sail to the island.
10. if they didn't made a fire, the frightened wolves didn't run away.
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