Файл: Unit i. Types of ships vocabulary ship судно, корабль vessel.doc
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UNIT I. TYPES OF SHIPSVocabularyship – судно, корабльvessel [`vesl] – судно instrument [`instrumәnt] of transport – транспортное средство meansofcommunication – (множ. число также “means”) – средство сообщения etc.(et cetera = and so on) - и так далее toclassify [`klæsifai] – клаccифицировать accordingto – согласно, в соответствии с …сriterion [krai`tiәriәn], множ. число criteria[krai`tiәriә] – критерийexpanse [iks`pæns]ofwater - водоем, водное пространство motive [`moutiv] power – движущая энергия propulsiveagent [prә`pΛlsiv `eidз(ә)nt] - движительcargo [`kα:gou] – груз;cargoship – грузовое судно warship,fightingship – военное судно navy [`neivi] – военно-морской флот passengervessel – пассажирское судноauxiliary [פּ:g`ziljəri] – вспомогательный dry-cargoship – сухогрузное судно, сухогруз generalcargo – генеральный (смешанный, сборный) груз generalcargoship – судно для перевозки генерального груза containership – контейнерное судно, контейнеровоз timber – лесоматериалыtimbercarrier - лесовозbulkcargo – насыпной (навалочный) груз bulkcargoship, bulker – балкер (судно для перевозки навалочных грузов)ore [`פּ:] carrier - рудовозcoal carrier - углевозgrain carrier – зерновоз refrigerator, reefer – рефрижераторное судно tanker - танкерfrozen - замороженныйliquid [`likwid] – жидкий fishingvessel – рыболовное судно tonet – ловить сетью whale – кит whalingship – китобойное судно researchship – научно-исследовательское судноtrainingship – учебное судно shipboardtraining – плавательная практика tug – буксировщик totow [tou] – буксироватьsalvage [`sælvidз] vessel – спасательное судно icebreaker – ледокол dredger [`dredзә] – земснаряд floatingcrane – плавучий кранbarge [`bα:dз] – баржаlighter [`laitә] – лихтерfirevessel – пожарное судно light-ship – плавучий маяк rivervessel – речное судноcanal-typevessel – канальное судно, судно для плавания в каналахlake-typevessel – озерное судноmarine [mә`ri:n] vessel – морское судноdeep-seavessel,
ocean-goingvessel – океанское судно, судно неограниченного морского плавания inlandwaterways – внутренние водные пути inlandwaterwaysvessel – судно внутреннего плаванияriver-marinevessel – судно смешанного плавания («река-море»)sailing ship, sailer,tall ship – парусное судно, парусникsteamship, steamer – пароходpaddle [`pædl] (paddle wheel) – гребное колесоpaddle vessel – колесное судноscrew [skru:] (screw propeller) – гребной винт screw vessel, propeller vessel – винтовое судноturbine [`tə:bin] – турбинаturbine-driven ship – турбоход motor vessel, diesel [`di:z(ə)l] vessel – теплоход, дизельное судно electric ship – электроходturbo-electric ship – турбоэлектроходdiesel-electric ship – дизель- электроходatomic[ə`tפּmik] vessel – атомоходoar [פּ:] – веслоoar vessel – гребное судноsail-and-oarship – парусно-гребное судноwide-spread [`waidspred] – широко распространенныйText A ship, or vessel, is an important instrument of transport, or means of communication, which carries goods and people by water (sea, river, lake etc.)We classify ships according to different criteria - for example, according to their function, the type of the expanse of water where they can serve, the kind of goods which they carry, or the kind of their motive power and propulsive agent. According to the first criterion, there are cargoships, which carry different goods, or cargoes;passenger vessels, which carry people; warships (fighting ships), which the navy consists of; special vessels, and auxiliary vessels. Cargo ships are also different: there are dry-cargo ships (general cargo ships, container ships, timber carriers, and bulk cargo ships, or bulkers – ore carriers, coal carriers, grain carriers etc.), refrigerators and tankers. Refrigerators, or reefers, carry frozen (refrigerated) goods like foodstuffs. Tankers usually carry liquid cargoes such as oil products, spirits, wine, fresh water and the like.Special vessels do not carry any cargo, but do another kind of service. For example, fishing vesselsnet fish; whaling ships hunt whales; research ships help scientists to explore the deep sea and the atmosphere; on board training ships cadets and students have their shipboard training.Auxiliary vessels are tugs which tow large ships, salvage vessels, icebreakers, dredgers, floating cranes, barges and lighters, fire vessels, light-ships and the like. According to the type of the expanse of water where vessels serve, we classify them as: river vessels, canal-type vessels, lake-type vessels, marine vessels, and deep-sea, or ocean-going vessels. Besides, there are river-canal vessels, inlandwaterways vessels (which serve on rivers, canals and lakes, but do not go to sea), river-marine vessels (which travel by river and by sea, not far from the shore, but cannot sail across the ocean).According to the kind of energy that moves them, and their propulsive agent, there are sailing ships (sailers, or tall ships), steamships, or steamers (paddle vessels and screw, or propeller vessels), turbine-driven ships, motor vessels (diesel vessels), electric (turbo-electric
ocean-goingvessel – океанское судно, судно неограниченного морского плавания inlandwaterways – внутренние водные пути inlandwaterwaysvessel – судно внутреннего плаванияriver-marinevessel – судно смешанного плавания («река-море»)sailing ship, sailer,tall ship – парусное судно, парусникsteamship, steamer – пароходpaddle [`pædl] (paddle wheel) – гребное колесоpaddle vessel – колесное судноscrew [skru:] (screw propeller) – гребной винт screw vessel, propeller vessel – винтовое судноturbine [`tə:bin] – турбинаturbine-driven ship – турбоход motor vessel, diesel [`di:z(ə)l] vessel – теплоход, дизельное судно electric ship – электроходturbo-electric ship – турбоэлектроходdiesel-electric ship – дизель- электроходatomic[ə`tפּmik] vessel – атомоходoar [פּ:] – веслоoar vessel – гребное судноsail-and-oarship – парусно-гребное судноwide-spread [`waidspred] – широко распространенныйText A ship, or vessel, is an important instrument of transport, or means of communication, which carries goods and people by water (sea, river, lake etc.)We classify ships according to different criteria - for example, according to their function, the type of the expanse of water where they can serve, the kind of goods which they carry, or the kind of their motive power and propulsive agent. According to the first criterion, there are cargoships, which carry different goods, or cargoes;passenger vessels, which carry people; warships (fighting ships), which the navy consists of; special vessels, and auxiliary vessels. Cargo ships are also different: there are dry-cargo ships (general cargo ships, container ships, timber carriers, and bulk cargo ships, or bulkers – ore carriers, coal carriers, grain carriers etc.), refrigerators and tankers. Refrigerators, or reefers, carry frozen (refrigerated) goods like foodstuffs. Tankers usually carry liquid cargoes such as oil products, spirits, wine, fresh water and the like.Special vessels do not carry any cargo, but do another kind of service. For example, fishing vesselsnet fish; whaling ships hunt whales; research ships help scientists to explore the deep sea and the atmosphere; on board training ships cadets and students have their shipboard training.Auxiliary vessels are tugs which tow large ships, salvage vessels, icebreakers, dredgers, floating cranes, barges and lighters, fire vessels, light-ships and the like. According to the type of the expanse of water where vessels serve, we classify them as: river vessels, canal-type vessels, lake-type vessels, marine vessels, and deep-sea, or ocean-going vessels. Besides, there are river-canal vessels, inlandwaterways vessels (which serve on rivers, canals and lakes, but do not go to sea), river-marine vessels (which travel by river and by sea, not far from the shore, but cannot sail across the ocean).According to the kind of energy that moves them, and their propulsive agent, there are sailing ships (sailers, or tall ships), steamships, or steamers (paddle vessels and screw, or propeller vessels), turbine-driven ships, motor vessels (diesel vessels), electric (turbo-electric
and diesel-electric) ships and atomic vessels. In the ancient times, large oar vessels and enormous sail-and-oar ships were wide-spread; but now only small boats have oars as their propulsive agents.
Аnswer these questions:
1. What is a ship?
2. According to what criteria do we classify ships?
3. How do we classify ships according to their function?
4. What types of cargo ships do you know?
5. What types of bulkers do you know?
6. What kind of cargo do reefers carry?
7. What cargoes do tankers carry?
8. What do fishing and whaling vessels do?
9. Who uses research vessels and what do they use these vessels for?
10. Have you ever had any shipboard training?
11. What types of auxiliary vessels do you know?
12. How do we classify ships according to the type of the expanse of water where they serve?
13. What are river-marine vessels?
14. How do we classify ships according to the kind of their motive power and propulsive agent?
15. Do large marine vessels still use oars as their propulsive agents?