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14. Holiday.
1. Why do you think people go on holiday?
2. How important is it for families to go on holiday together?
3. Why do some people go on holiday alone?
4. What kind of holidays will be popular in the future?
5. Is it better to take a holiday in your own country or in a foreign country? Why?
6. What problems can people have on holiday in a foreign country?
1.People go on holidays to enjoy their lives a little and have some fun as it helps them to reduce their stress and increase the level of immunity.
2. We should never underestimate the power of holidays as a very good way to create an even stronger bond with our families even if it means to spend an hour enjoying a family meal together.
3. Some people go on holiday mainly because travelling alone can be an incredibly liberating experience with the freedom to do exactly what you want to do, when you want to do, and how exactly you want to do.
4.We can debate all we want on what kind of holidays will be popular in the future, but one thing is for sure that some are going to be real “hi-tech” and much more “luxurious” than what it is in the present days.
5. I would rather be interested to see my own beautiful country than some distant foreign lands. Besides, I would certainly feel more comfortable and secured when having holidays in my own country.
6. People can have a number of problems, especially if they don’t know the language of the locals, when enjoying a holiday in a foreign country.
15. Technology.
1. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of modern technology.
2. In what ways has technology changed your society?
3. How has technology changed the way we communicate?
4. How has technology changed the nature of long-distance relationships?
5. What are the limitations of technology when it comes to interpersonal relationships?
6. How could technology be considered a hindrance for us? Can we overcome it?
Q. 1. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of modern technology.
Answer: Modern technology today is an integral part of our lives, and therefore, we will have to live with it whether we like it or not.
1 First, the evolution of technology is beneficial to humans for several reasons. At the medical level, technology can help treat more sick people and consequently save many lives and combat very harmful viruses and bacteria.
The invention of the computer was a very important point. Communication is thus enhanced, and companies can communicate more easily with foreign countries. Research is also simplified.
On the other hand, the evolution of modern technology has disadvantages, for example, dependence on new technology. Man no longer needs to think. Even if the calculator is a good invention, man no longer makes mental calculation and no longer works his memory. The decline of human capital implies an increase in unemployment. In some areas, devices can replace the human mind.
The use of technology certainly needs rule and new laws. For example internet use is an individual freedom. However, the invention of the atomic bomb cannot be an individual freedom. In fact, regulations are difficult to implement when these technologies are introduced – such as regulation surrounding the impending arrival of autonomous vehicles.
Finally, as most technological discoveries aim to reduce human effort, it would imply that more work is done by machines. This equates to less work for people: the human is becoming ever so obsolete by the day, as processes become automated and jobs are made redundant.
2. For better or worse, technology has changed our society in the way we are earning our livings and the way we interact with each other. It also has changed our “mobility”. Nowadays, because of technology, we don’t rely on just one source of income, and as a result, society has become more “affluent” than in the past. Another remarkable change, that has taken place in our society for good, is that we can travel to any place at any time without wasting our time. Besides, with the advancement of information technology such as the internet and smartphones, my small society feels like it has suddenly become a part of a “much bigger global community”.
3 The nature of communication has changed along with its increase in speed and volume. Mobile devices that fit in our pockets have tiny keyboards that make expedient communication desirable; hence an increase in the use of shortcuts, symbols, abbreviations, and new words that get the point across with fewer characters.
4. Communication is the backbone of a long distance relationship. Technology allows a couple to express their commitment to one another. Nonexistent communication or a breakdown of it can lead to issues with trust -and without trust it is very difficult for a couple to stand the test of distance and time.
5. Технология қарым-қатынасқа да, жеке тұлғаның әлеуметтік дамуында ерекше орын алатын әлеуметтік дағдыларға да кедергі келтіреді. Басқа адамдармен қарым-қатынас жасаудың орнына технологиялар мен медианы пайдалану нақты өмірден эмоционалды-әлеуметтік алшақтықты тудырады.
6 Modern technology can be considered as an impediment for us when we are relying too much on it. In fact, it wouldn’t be an exaggeration to suggest that technology is limiting our potentials and growth, as humans, both physically and mentally. For example, before the advancement of modern technology, we used to walk to a local grocery shop, in order to buy our groceries, which was certainly good for our health and minds (since we could feel more closed to our natural surroundings). But, now, we simply ride in our vehicles to do the same task because we just feel too lazy to get out of our comfort zone. The end result of such “laziness”? The answer is “Obesity” with a big “O”!
However, the greatest, and also the most dangerous at the same time, in my opinion, hindrance is that we have actually started to believe that without technology, we just won’t be able to survive. In other words, we are leaving ourselves to the “mercy” of technology, and if, God forbids, it ever stops working, our very existence, as a human race, will be at stake. So, can we overcome this hindrance? Yes, we sure can if we just reduce our reliance on technology a little and make ourselves a bit more “active” both physically and mentally.
16. Decision Making.
1. Why do some people find it hard to make decisions?
2. How important is it to get advice from other people when making decisions?
3. Why is it sometimes difficult to accept advice?
4. What are some of the most important decisions young people have to make?
5. Do you agree that parents should make important decisions for their children?
6. Is it better to make a decision thinking about what you want or thinking about what other people want?
1. Why do some people find it hard to make decisions?
Answer: Why do some find it really troublesome to make decisions? Well, they are probably of “libra’ zodiac sign! Well, putting that little joke aside, I really wish that the answer to this question was a simple one, but unfortunately, it isn’t. However, I would like to attribute such “indecision” mostly to the “fear” of what kind of outcomes we would come up with after the decision was made and implemented, simply because we humans, in general, are fearful of the “unknown” even at a time when the “odds’ are very much in favour of some positive results. Making decisions for some people becomes hard also probably because they are just not good enough in gathering all the necessary data and information to make an “informed” decision.
Q. 2. How important is it to get advice from other people when making decisions?
Answer: It is very important, in my opinion, to receive advice from other people always, when making decisions, primarily because it would help one become familiar with an array of ideas and possibilities with regards to the kinds of outcomes he/she would need to expect. Besides, when we are opened to receiving advice from others, the chances are that we would be able to learn about the outcomes when somebody took the same kind of decisions in the past. Finally, we should be opened to receive advice from others, when making decisions, even if they don’t serve our purposes in the present since there is always a chance that they would benefit us in the future.
Q. 3. Why is it sometimes difficult to accept advice?
Answer: It is difficult to accept advice sometimes for some people mainly because of an inherent human characteristic called “ego”. It is because of this “ego”, we sometimes fail to see the “truth” just as we fail to accept advice. In other words, we feel that we know “better” than others and that accepting advice from other people will “belittle” us in front of them. Of course, it also has something to do with the “reliability and trustworthiness” of the persons who are offering advice.
Whether a piece of advice will be accepted or not depend largely also on the “location” where the advice is being offered. For example, if we want to advise a person on not do something while he is terribly busy with his works at his office, the chances are that he won’t pay any attention to that advice.
Q. 4. What are some of the most important decisions young people have to make?
Answer: Young people are not “exempted” from making important decisions just because they are called “young”. In fact, they also have to make some important decisions in their lives such what kind of career path to choose; what kinds of subjects to study at universities, or when to get married and start a family. Finally, what kind of “financial” habit and “health” habit to practice is also a very important decision, along with the decisions above I just mentioned, for young people to make if they want to live happy and healthy for the rest of their lives.
Q. 5. Do you agree that parents should make important decisions for their children?
Answer: Parents should make important decisions, in consent with the inputs and opinion of the children, for their children until they reach their “adulthood”. But once they are grown up and ready to leave the “nest”, parents should leave their children alone to make important decisions on their own. If the parents don’t allow their children to make important decisions, they will probably never learn how to take “risks’ in life and live on their own. In fact, parents should always encourage their children to make decisions even if their children are reluctant to do so. After all, parents will never be around them forever to help their children out during crucial times.
Q. 6. Is it better to make a decision thinking about what you want or thinking about what other people want?
Answer: Yes, it is always better to make a decision thinking what I really want instead of worrying about what others really want primarily because it will be me who will have to live with whatever decision I make for the rest of my life one way or another. Of course, it never harms to consult with the people, we love or care for, and ask them what they also want, from time to time in order to bring them on board with my decision, but the decision will always be mine based on what I really want.
One thing, which is worth mentioning here, is that one doesn’t worry what others want, not because he/she has total disregards for others, but because it would be easier for the decision-maker to achieve his/her goal rather easily since he/she is so intimately involved with the decision made.
16. Role models.
1. Which types of people become role models in your society?
2. Do you agree that famous people have more responsibilities than ordinary people?
3. What happens when young people lack good role models?
4. What standards of behaviour should teachers set?
5. Do you agree that you should never meet your heroes?
6. What benefits a famous person get that ordinary people cannot?
1. Unfortunately, gone are those days when young people used to consider their fathers, teachers and medical doctors as their role models. Nowadays, it is mostly movie stars and famous sportspersons who become role models in my society. Some of us would even argue that anybody, with plenty of money, has a shot to becoming a role model in our society which is really unfortunate.
2. Yes, I do agree that famous people have more responsibilities than ordinary people because ordinary people look up to them for some kind of leadership roles in fixing some of their problems. And, that’s exactly why sometimes we see world-famous persons like Angelina Jolie (Hollywood actress) and David Beckham (British soccer superstar) acting as some special UN (United Nations) envoy and goodwill ambassador in order to raise awareness on different urgent issues that are affecting our world community negatively.
3. If young people lack good role models, it is very possible that they are becoming very confused over time with what kinds of roles they should take in their families and societies. Besides, without strong and good role models, young people very easily become ‘prey’ to the “bad” elements of our society. As a result, our society will have to struggle with generations of young people devoid of any good morals and values who would bring no good except chaos, crimes and social unrest.
4. We, more often than not, look upon the teachers for guidance since they are still some of the most valued and respected members of our society because of their tremendous contribution to building the nation. Therefore, it should be incumbent upon our teachers to set some good behaviour standards for others, as well as for themselves, by teaching discipline, good moral values, honesty, the value of hard works, and respect. With these behaviour standards, we can expect to build an ideal and functioning society where we will be able to live and co-exist happily with each other.
5. I have never found a reason which would suggest that I should never meet my heroes. On the contrary, I have always believed in meeting my heroes since it would inspire me, even more, to become like the heroes I have always admired.
6. A famous person receives many benefits that ordinary people like us do not have. First, they get a discount wherever they go. For example, if a celebrity and an ordinary person go to a restaurant for a meal, a celebrity will have a lot of discounts. They even get a chance to eat at the same restaurant for free and get extra gifts. Ordinary people do not always have such opportunities. Also, when you become famous, you get rich faster than ordinary people like us. Your dreams of luxury homes, cars, luxury gifts and expensive clothes will come true. After all, when you're famous, everyone knows you, and you usually have big followers and fans who are willing to do anything to get you an autograph.
17. Natural environment.
1. Why is it important to protect the natural environment?
2. What environmental problems are common in your country?
3. What can the government in your country do to deal with those problems?
4. What technological innovations should the world develop to protect the environment?
5. Do you think the youth these days care about the environment? Why?
6. Environmental problems are too big to be dealt at the individual level? Do you agree? Why/ Why not?
1. The natural environment is probably the most important resource around us as it pretty much protects and governs our lives by providing us with whatever we need to survive. It provides us with food, water, oxygen, power, energy and many, many other things. It also helps us to live a healthy life by clearing the pollution of our atmosphere. Finally, it is important to protect the natural environment around us in order to maintain the biodiversity (having varieties of plants and animal species) for the overall well-being of our planet. Our very existence in this world is dependant on the natural environment we live in. So we should take every step possible to protect it for our own survival.
2. There are a number of common environmental problems in my country. To start with, a certain part of my country is turning into a “semi-desert”, due to the lack of water, where temperatures are rising. Besides, the number of forests, as well as the number of some rare species of animals in them, is also getting reduced alarmingly, threatening to destroy the biodiversity of my country. Finally, our lands and waters also are becoming increasingly polluted with plastic products and other harmful substances because of the unavailability of proper waste disposal systems.
3.The government can do plenty in my country to deal with these problems. First, they can completely ban the use of plastic products and replace them with some environmental-friendly products. It can also offer some incentives for not using these harmful products. The government can also take the necessary steps to plant more and more trees to make up the loss of forests while improving the waste disposal systems in order to reduce the land and water pollution. However, it is also important to understand that the government alone is not able to deal with these environmental problems successfully unless it takes concrete steps to raise public awareness about the dangers of environmental pollutions.
4. Technology has fundamentally changed the way we live and work, and so, it is about time that we develop and use technological innovations to protect our environment also. For example, “advanced remote sensing technologies” can help us plan, monitor and evaluate the impacts of building “extractive” industries, involving “extraction” of raw materials from the earth, in the ecologically-sensitive areas. In the same manner, “drone” technology can help us monitor the health of our forests and wildlife in some remote and otherwise inaccessible areas. Finally, we can also use AI (artificial intelligence) driven technologies to carry out our environmental conservation efforts by having much more precise information on the extreme climate changes, affecting our earth’s environment negatively.
5. No, I don’t really think that the youth these days like to care about the environment primarily because they are just too pre-occupied with either enjoying the comforts and luxuries of their lives or running to “acquire” them as if there is no tomorrow.
6. Yes, I have no doubt in my mind that environmental problems are too big to deal with at the individual level simply because they don’t have the required resources, knowledge and the technologies to solve the problems of such big magnitude. Besides, there is no boundary between our rivers, forests, earth’s atmosphere, as well as the air, we breathe. Therefore, no matter how hard, some individuals, in some parts of a country or the world, are trying to clean up their “environment”, if it is not “coincided” and “coordinated” with the others somewhere else, then the chances are that it is doing no good. And, unfortunately, “coordination” is something which can’t be “enforced” without the governments’ active involvement in such cases.