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18. Life experience.
1. Do you agree that we learn best from our mistakes?
2. What’s the best way to gain experience in life? Каков лучший способ получить жизненный опыт?
3. Can we gain life experience from books and movies? Можем ли мы получить жизненный опыт из книг и фильмов?
4. Which is more important, experience or potential? Что важнее-опыт или потенциал?
5. What experience do you wish you had gained? Какой опыт вы хотели бы приобрести?
6. Why do some people fail to learn from their experience? Почему некоторые люди не учатся на своем опыте?
1. People say that the mistakes we make are our best teachers because they can teach us many things. So, I do agree with the suggestion that we learn best from our mistakes, only if we choose to learn from them, by not committing the same mistakes in the future.
2. Well, in my opinion, the best way to gain experience is to do some experimentations, and take some calculated risks and random decisions even when we know that we would probably "fail" in some real-life situations.
If we never try, we will never know what we are good at and without trying we can never gain any experience.
3. No, we can't really gain life experiences from books and movies mainly because one actually has to live through real-life situations in order to gain experience.
4. I would say that "experience" is more important than "potential" at any time of the day. Having experience usually means that a person has the proven track records of getting things done.
Experience makes someone mature and respected, and as a result, others around him feel confident enough to follow his lead.
5. I really wish that I had the experience of travelling at least two to three countries from each continent in order to experience what this beautiful world has in store for us.
6. Some people fail to learn from their experience probably because they are too arrogant to understand they can also learn something, well, from "anything" or "anybody".Then, there are some other people who fail to learn from their experiences because the experiences are probably too "embarrassing" for them sometimes, and as a result, they just don't like to remember any part of it.
перевод "Жизненный опыт"
1. Люди говорят, что ошибки, которые мы совершаем, являются нашими лучшими учителями, потому что они могут научить нас многим вещам. Поэтому я согласен с предположением, что мы лучше всего учимся на своих ошибках, только если решим учиться на них, не совершая тех же ошибок в будущем.
2. Ну, на мой взгляд, лучший способ получить опыт-это провести некоторые эксперименты и принять некоторые просчитанные риски и случайные решения, даже когда мы знаем, что, вероятно, "потерпим неудачу" в некоторых реальных ситуациях.
Если мы никогда не попробуем, мы никогда не узнаем, в чем мы хороши, и без попыток мы никогда не сможем получить никакого опыта.
3. Нет, на самом деле мы не можем получить жизненный опыт из книг и фильмов главным образом потому, что на самом деле нужно пережить реальные жизненные ситуации, чтобы получить опыт.
4. Я бы сказал, что "опыт" важнее, чем "потенциал" в любое время дня. Наличие опыта обычно означает, что у человека есть проверенный послужной список для достижения поставленных целей. Опыт делает человека зрелым и уважаемым, и в результате окружающие чувствуют себя достаточно уверенно, чтобы следовать его примеру.
5. Я действительно хотел бы, чтобы у меня был опыт путешествий по крайней мере в две-три страны с каждого континента, чтобы испытать, что этот прекрасный мир приготовил для нас.
6. Некоторые люди не могут учиться на своем опыте, вероятно, потому, что они слишком высокомерны, чтобы понять, что они также могут чему-то научиться, ну, от "чего угодно" или "кого угодно".
Кроме того, есть и другие люди, которые не могут извлечь уроки из своего опыта, потому что этот опыт, вероятно, иногда слишком "смущает" их, и в результате они просто не любят вспоминать какую-либо его часть.
19.Influence of television.
Q. 1. How popular is watching television in your country?
Answer: Watching television is very popular in my country because it is one of the two major traditional media (the other one is “movie theaters”) which offers entertainment to our people. Even stores, businesses, and offices in my country have televisions so that people and workers get to enjoy some news and entertainment in order to relax a little during their break times.
Q. 2. Tell me about the types of programmes that are generally on television in your country.
Answer: There are all kinds of programs on television in my country which are watched fairly on a regular basis. These programs include hourly news programs, political talk shows, musical programs, education quiz shows, movie shows, documentary programs, magazine shows, dance shows, cooking shows, drama serials, travel adventure programs, sports shows, and agricultural shows.
Q. 3. Why do people like watching television? Why?
Answer: People like to watch television because it helps them to unwind from a stressful day. It also allows them to spend some quality times with their loved ones and families while watching some entertaining and funny shows, sports and comedy movies, with them. People like to watch television also because they want to remain informed about what’s happening in their parts of the world as well as the rest. Finally, they also want to educate themselves by watching some educational programs in order to connect with the world on an intellectual level.
Q. 4. Which one do you think is better – state or private television? Why?
Answer: I would say that state television is better primarily because they have a more diverse program set in order to engage their audiences. Besides, state TV channels usually exercise better caution and jurisprudence in airing the “controversial” programs so that they don’t spark any further controversy. Finally, state TV is funded by the general public, and as a result, the programs, it usually broadcasts, are lesser biased and more objective (unless, of course, it is controlled by the government for “propaganda” purposes) than private TV since it has to rely heavily on private funding.
Q. 5. What effects can watching television have on children?
Answer: Television watching can affect children both negatively and positively. Talking about positive effects, it entertains them and educates them by giving them a chance to learn about the world they live in. Television watching can also expose the children to new cultures and new ideas so that they learn to respect and love others, no matter how different they really are. It is also beneficial for them to learn a second language. However, television watching can also prevent children from enjoying healthy activities like playing sports with their friends.
Q. 6. How TV programmes differ now than that of 10 years ago?
Answer: In my opinion, we certainly have more TV programs today than that of 10 years ago, but the overall quality of the programs has gone down. TV programs today focus more on “glamour” and commercialization than the actual messages or substances than what it used to be 10 years ago. Finally, they also contain more “nudity”, “violence” and “vulgarity” than what we saw before 10 years ago.
Вопрос 1. Насколько популярен просмотр телевизора в вашей стране?
Ответ: Просмотр телевизора очень популярен в моей стране, потому что это одно из двух основных традиционных средств массовой информации (другое - “кинотеатры”), которое предлагает развлечения нашему народу. Даже в магазинах, компаниях и офисах в моей стране есть телевизоры, чтобы люди и работники могли наслаждаться новостями и развлечениями, чтобы немного расслабиться во время перерыва.
В. 2. Расскажите мне о типах программ, которые обычно транслируются по телевидению в вашей стране.
Ответ: В моей стране по телевидению идут всевозможные программы, которые смотрят довольно регулярно. Эти программы включают ежечасные новостные программы, политические ток-шоу, музыкальные программы, образовательные викторины, кино-шоу, документальные программы, журнальные шоу, танцевальные шоу, кулинарные шоу, драматические сериалы, приключенческие программы, спортивные шоу и сельскохозяйственные шоу.
В. 3. Почему людям нравится смотреть телевизор? Почему?
Ответ: Люди любят смотреть телевизор, потому что это помогает им расслабиться после напряженного дня. Это также позволяет им провести некоторое время со своими близкими и семьями, просматривая с ними развлекательные и забавные шоу, спортивные и комедийные фильмы. Люди любят смотреть телевизор еще и потому, что хотят быть в курсе того, что происходит в их частях света, а также в других. Наконец, они также хотят обучать себя, просматривая некоторые образовательные программы, чтобы установить связь с миром на интеллектуальном уровне.
Вопрос 4. Что, по вашему мнению, лучше – государственное или частное телевидение? Почему?
Ответ: Я бы сказал, что государственное телевидение лучше в первую очередь потому, что у них более разнообразная программа, чтобы привлечь свою аудиторию. Кроме того, государственные телеканалы обычно проявляют большую осторожность и юриспруденцию при показе “спорных” программ, чтобы они не вызывали дальнейших споров. Наконец, государственное телевидение финансируется широкой общественностью, и в результате программы, которые оно обычно транслирует, менее предвзяты и более объективны (если, конечно, оно не контролируется правительством в “пропагандистских” целях), чем частное телевидение, поскольку ему приходится в значительной степени полагаться на частное финансирование.
Вопрос 5. Какое влияние может оказать просмотр телевизора на детей?
Ответ: Просмотр телевизора может повлиять на детей как негативно, так и положительно. Говоря о положительных эффектах, он развлекает их и обучает, давая им возможность узнать о мире, в котором они живут. Просмотр телевизора также может познакомить детей с новыми культурами и новыми идеями, чтобы они научились уважать и любить других, какими бы разными они ни были на самом деле. Им также полезно выучить второй язык. Однако просмотр телевизора также может помешать детям наслаждаться здоровыми видами деятельности, такими как занятия спортом со своими друзьями.
В. 6. Чем сейчас отличаются телевизионные программы от тех, что были 10 лет назад?
Ответ: На мой взгляд, сегодня у нас, безусловно, больше телевизионных программ, чем 10 лет назад, но общее качество программ снизилось. Телевизионные программы сегодня больше фокусируются на “гламуре” и коммерциализации, чем на реальных сообщениях или веществах, чем это было 10 лет назад. Наконец, они также содержат больше “наготы”, “насилия” и “вульгарности”, чем то, что мы видели 10 лет назад.
20. Retirement and old age.
1. At what age should people retire from work?
2. What problems can people face after their retirement?
3. How important are retirees to your country’s economy?
4. When should you start saving for retirement?
5. Why do some companies encourage early retirement?
6. Do you think the state should take responsibility of retirees who worked in private companies rather than government organisation?
1. In 2019, the retirement age for women is 55.5 years, and for men — 60.5 years.
2. The main problems of older people are associated with deteriorating health, financial difficulties and social adaptation. When a person gets older, his life changes dramatically: lifestyle, well-being, social status, health status.
3. 1. The division of market activities into state, non-commercial and commercial, the solution of the issue of fair wages, fair division of property, all this is the basis for the effective development of the Russian economy. Our goal is the destruction of oligarchic capitalism and the class of beggars.
2. The increase in the number of pensioners and able-bodied citizens of the Russian Federation does not hinder the development of the country's economy. The increase in the number of people has a particularly positive effect on the intensively circulated national funds, both cash and non-cash.
4. You need to start saving for old age long before the retirement age. The most optimal age for this is from 30 to 35 years.
5. At the age of 53, mothers with many children can go on early rest. The number of children born must be at least five, and the total work experience must be at least 20 years. The youngest child must be at least eight years old at the time of retirement.
6. Yes. The pension reform and the almost non-existent infrastructure of care for the elderly are forming a new generation that is thinking ahead, so to speak, of ways to escape in retirement. Already, the stock market has formed a category of age-old players who do not take much risk, but manage to get a small monthly bonus.
21. Environmental Problem.
1. Tell me, what do you think are the greatest environmental problems facing your country at present?
2. And what has been done so far to solve these problems?
3. How successful would you say these measures have been?
4. Do you think things are likely to get better or worse in the future?
5. Is what you are going to study likely to be of any use to solve these problems?
6. Should countries try to solve the climate change problems together or individually? Why?
1. The environment of Kazakhstan is experiencing serious environmental problems. Such problems include radioactive contamination due to nuclear tests conducted at the Semipalatinsk test site during the existence of the USSR, the disappearance of the Aral Sea (on the border of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan) and the transformation of former agricultural land into a desert.
2. The researchers studied and proposed solutions to the problems that arose. But there are reasons that prevent them from being fully implemented. Reduce the consumption of water from rivers for irrigation. It would be positive to replace crops that require irrigation with less demanding ones: for example, to grow winter wheat instead of cotton.It is possible to improve the waters of the Caspian Sea only through the joint efforts of the countries located on its shores. Since the end of the twentieth century, the Caspian Environmental Program has been working. Within its framework, environmental protection measures have been developed for oil production.Another way to solve the problem is to reduce the number of vehicles in large cities in order to reduce exhaust emissions. In addition, forests should be restored, not cut down, polluted water bodies should be cleaned, and garbage should be recycled, not burned.
3. The ecology of Kazakhstan is going through hard times. This is due to the activities of developed industrial sectors that the government is trying to regulate. To improve the environment, Kazakhstan participates in many international and regional organizations that try to improve the state of the environment.
4. I think that in the future, environmental problems will be solved. If people properly take care of nature and observe the restrictions that scientists talk about.
5. I think that everyone can solve the environmental problem. Because all the problems that we see in everyday life make us love the planets of the Earth
6. I think all countries should address climate change together. The primary factor contributing to the achievement of such a state by nature is humanity. Solving environmental problems is the duty of our humanity to nature.
22. Gift.
1. What is the purpose of gift giving?
2. How has gift giving changed since your grandparents’ time?
3. How important is gift giving in a relationship?
4. What is more important when it comes to giving a gift, cost or effort?
5. Do you think that people have become more materialistic when it comes to giving gifts, as compared to your grandparents’ time?
6. How has modern technology changed the nature of gift giving?
1. Gift giving can be daunting, all too often leaving folks in a flurry and tizzy striving to show their care and love. However, underlying our gift custom is an important purpose — appreciation. We give people gifts to show them we are grateful for them and value the role they play in our lives.
2. Giving gifts to our grandfathers and grandmothers over time, I think, has not changed. The gifts themselves have simply changed. Because in the past, I think the choice of a gift was not much.
3. I think gifts are not the main thing in a relationship. But often it is necessary to do it pleasantly for relatives and loved ones. The main thing is the love of relatives.
4. Effort is important for a gift, not price. Because effort is labor. And labor is love. Gifts are different. It is also important in them how we present them: how confident we feel at the same time, what measure of fantasy and taste we put into the ritual itself.
5. No I do not think so. Perhaps it depends on the person or the time. You cannot compare the time of our grandparents and our time.
6. Modern technology has changed the nature of gift giving from head to toe. Because in the twenty-first century, technology comes first. Now we can give our relatives phones. TV, computer and other technological gifts. And before, there was no technology.
1. What types of websites are popular among your generation?
2. Is using the internet a social or solitary activity?
3. How has the internet changed social behaviour?
4. Should companies check job applicants’ online profiles?
5. What will be the next big development online?
6. How has the internet changed the way we communicate with others?