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GRAMMAR 21 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

f)

There are pieces of paper all over the floor!

 

 

litter

 

 

There

all over the floor.

g)

Can I park my car here?

 

 

allowed

 

 

Is

here?

h)I know these machines are very expensive. machinery

I know

very expensive.

8 Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the box.

a)

Let me give you a

piece

of advice.

b)

There is an interesting

 

of news in the paper.

c)

A

of stairs takes you to the top of the house.

d)

Could I have another

 

of paper, please?

e)

Helen has a lovely

 

of hair.

f)

Do you want another

 

of toast?

g)

We bought Mike and Lynn a

of cutlery for a wedding present.

h)

The lightning was followed by a

of thunder.

9 Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the box.

a)

I can't cut this loaf. Do you have a proper

bread

knife?

b)

I'm afraid that 'neice' is a

 

 

mistake.

 

c)

There's usually a/an

 

space opposite the cinema.

d) We need a/an

box to keep the money in.

 

e)

The tourist board have built a/an

 

centre near the castle.

f)

We decided to put a/an

 

conductor on the

roof.

g)

Marjorie used to write a/an

 

 

column in a magazine.

h)

These suitcases are very heavy. We must find a/an

trolley.

i)

I must rush. I'm going to a/an

 

 

lesson.

 

j)

Julie found her flat through a/an

 

agency.

 

123


FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE

10 Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

Food habits

 

 

 

 

Breakfast is one of those (1)

B..

that varies from person to person,

and country to country. For some (2)

it means a (3)

of toast and some coffee. In various places I've also been offered

(4)

or fruit. (5)

executives might eat breakfast at the

(6)

, while for many schoolchildren breakfast is a

(7)

of milk at home, and then a long wait (8)

the

first break of the morning, when they eat (9)

or

(10)

chocolate bar. Some families sit down and eat together

(11)

the morning, and listen to (12)

news on the

radio or (13)

 

early morning television. For other people, the early

morning is a rush (14)

 

work or school, and there just simply isn't

(15)

 

 

 

 

1)

A times

B meals

C foods

D plates

2)

A people

B persons

C breakfasts

D us

3)

A sheet

B loaf

C slice

D sandwich

4)

A a cheese

B the cheese

C cheese

D cheeses

5)

A Business

B A business

C Business's

D Businessmen

6)

A train

B street

C morning

D office

7)

A glass

B piece

C warm

D box

8)

A to

B is

C until

D which

9)

A sandwich

B the sandwich

C a sandwiches

D sandwiches

10)

A a

B some

C a piece

D a glass of

11)

A for

B in

C at

D while

12)

A a

B what

C some

D the

13)

A look

B watch

C see

D regard

14)

A to

B from

C at

D and

15)

A there

B it

C enough

D time

Key points

1 Check in a dictionary to be sure that a noun is countable or uncountable.

 

The meaning of a noun may change depending on whether it is used in a

 

countable or uncountable sense.

 

 

Note that some nouns ending in -5 take a singular verb:

 

 

The news is bad today

 

 

And that some nouns only have a plural form:

 

 

The police are arriving shortly.

 

SEE ALSO

124


Explanations

Indefinite article

With something we refer to for the first time.

{a/an)

I've just had a great idea.

I'll give you a call next week.

With one of a group of things.

Shall we choose a book from this catalogue?

Where we use an adjective to describe a noun.

Cairo is a very big city.

It's a beautiful day.

With someone's job.

Peter is a truck driver.

With singular fractions, group numbers and large numbers.

one and a half kilos

a dozen eggs

a hundred envelopes

Meaning per.

He was doing ninety miles an hour.

Julie earns £500 a week.

Definite article

With nouns we have mentioned previously.

(the)

There is a bedroom and a living room. The bedroom is quite large.

With nouns we mention for the first time, but where it is clear which person or thing we are talking about.

Can you pass the marmalade?

My life changed completely after the war.

Where there is only one of something. It is clear which one we are talking about.

The moon is full tonight.

With nouns followed by a descriptive phrase, which makes them definite.

This is the man I told you about.

See also the examples in brackets in the next section, paragraphs 4 and 7. This category includes proper names with a descriptive phrase. Compare with the next section, paragraph 2:

London Bridge BUT the Tower of London

With national groups.

The British drink far too much tea.

With classes of people.

The rich get richer and the poor get poorer.

125

FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE

With individual items which represent a class.

The lion is fast disappearing.

With names of musical instruments that we can play.

7 can't play the piano but I can play the guitar.

With some geographical names. In particular: oceans, seas, rivers, canals and

regions.

 

 

 

The Thames flows into the North Sea.

the Arctic

Also with plural countries,

or where the country name contains a noun.

the Netherlands

the

People's Republic of China

With superlatives, ordinals, the same, the only.

 

 

This is the best.

You are the first.

This is the only one.

 

With media.

 

 

 

 

 

What's on (the) television?

I went to

the cinema.

Zero article

With uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns when we are talking

(no article)

 

generally.

 

 

 

 

 

Give peace a chance.

Football is life.

 

 

 

I hate wasps.

All he

talks about is cars.

With most continents, countries, states, islands, mountains, lakes, cities, parks, roads and streets, squares, bridges, palaces, castles, cathedrals, stations and airports.

We live in France. We took the train from Paddington Station to Bath.

But see previous section, paragraph 9, for geographical names that use the definite article.

With company names, years, months, days and special times of the year.

She works for Lufthansa.

I'll see you in January.

- With names of meals when we are talking generally.

It's time for lunch.

(BUT The lunch I had at Cafe Sol was good value.)

What's for dinner?

(BUT The dinner Sue gave us last night was delicious.)

With unique jobs or roles (the definite article is also possible in these cases).

Jim is (the) chairman of the company.

With prepositions of place with certain buildings, where the purpose of the building is more important than the place itself.

Sally is in prison.

(she's a prisoner)

Sally is in the prison.

(she's a visitor to that specific building)

Similar are: bed, church,

class, court, hospital, school, university

- With means of transport when we are talking generally.

We went there by car.

(BUT We went there in the car that Alex borrowed.)

Note that if we use in or on, we need an indefinite article.

We went there in a car/on a bus.

126


G R A M M A R 2 2 ARTICLES

Put a/an or the in each space, or leave the space blank.

a)

We went by

/..

- train to

the

west of England.

 

b)

 

people who live in

 

Netherlands are called

 

 

 

Dutch.

 

 

 

 

c)

 

judge sent me to

 

prison for

ten

 

years.

 

 

 

 

 

d)

 

Columbus was one of

 

first people to cross

 

 

 

Atlantic.

 

 

 

 

e)

As

captain of

ship, I have

 

 

complete authority.

 

 

 

 

f)

David learned to play

 

violin when he was at

 

 

university.

 

 

 

 

 

g)

 

Trafalgar Square is near

Charing Cross Station.

h)

Did you read

book I lent you

last week?

i)

We'll put up

shelves and then go to

cafe for

 

 

something to eat.

 

j)

Is that

present Bill gave you for

Christmas?

2Underline the most suitable phrase in each sentence.

a)Is this a person/the person you told me about?

b)This is the only cinema/an only cinema in the area.

c)Philip has just bought the Thames barge/a Thames barge.

d)I'm going to the British Museum/British Museum this afternoon.

e)Are you going to church/the church on Sunday?

f)Do you have a milk jug/milk jug?

g)The Prime Minister/Prime Minister will give a speech this afternoon.

h)The computer/Computer has already changed our lives dramatically.

i)I haven't been to an open-air theatre/open-air theatre before.

j)Here is a thousand pounds/the thousand pounds I owe you.

127