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GRAMMAR 21 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
f) |
There are pieces of paper all over the floor! |
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litter |
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There |
all over the floor. |
g) |
Can I park my car here? |
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allowed |
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Is |
here? |
h)I know these machines are very expensive. machinery
I know |
very expensive. |
8 Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the box.
a) |
Let me give you a |
piece |
of advice. |
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b) |
There is an interesting |
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of news in the paper. |
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c) |
A |
of stairs takes you to the top of the house. |
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d) |
Could I have another |
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of paper, please? |
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e) |
Helen has a lovely |
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of hair. |
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f) |
Do you want another |
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of toast? |
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g) |
We bought Mike and Lynn a |
of cutlery for a wedding present. |
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h) |
The lightning was followed by a |
of thunder. |
9 Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the box.
a) |
I can't cut this loaf. Do you have a proper |
bread |
knife? |
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b) |
I'm afraid that 'neice' is a |
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mistake. |
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c) |
There's usually a/an |
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space opposite the cinema. |
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d) We need a/an |
box to keep the money in. |
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e) |
The tourist board have built a/an |
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centre near the castle. |
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f) |
We decided to put a/an |
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conductor on the |
roof. |
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g) |
Marjorie used to write a/an |
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column in a magazine. |
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h) |
These suitcases are very heavy. We must find a/an |
trolley. |
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i) |
I must rush. I'm going to a/an |
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lesson. |
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j) |
Julie found her flat through a/an |
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agency. |
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123
FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE
10 Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.
Food habits |
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Breakfast is one of those (1) |
B.. |
that varies from person to person, |
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and country to country. For some (2) |
it means a (3) |
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of toast and some coffee. In various places I've also been offered |
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(4) |
or fruit. (5) |
executives might eat breakfast at the |
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(6) |
, while for many schoolchildren breakfast is a |
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(7) |
of milk at home, and then a long wait (8) |
the |
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first break of the morning, when they eat (9) |
or |
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(10) |
chocolate bar. Some families sit down and eat together |
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(11) |
the morning, and listen to (12) |
news on the |
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radio or (13) |
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early morning television. For other people, the early |
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morning is a rush (14) |
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work or school, and there just simply isn't |
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(15) |
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1) |
A times |
B meals |
C foods |
D plates |
2) |
A people |
B persons |
C breakfasts |
D us |
3) |
A sheet |
B loaf |
C slice |
D sandwich |
4) |
A a cheese |
B the cheese |
C cheese |
D cheeses |
5) |
A Business |
B A business |
C Business's |
D Businessmen |
6) |
A train |
B street |
C morning |
D office |
7) |
A glass |
B piece |
C warm |
D box |
8) |
A to |
B is |
C until |
D which |
9) |
A sandwich |
B the sandwich |
C a sandwiches |
D sandwiches |
10) |
A a |
B some |
C a piece |
D a glass of |
11) |
A for |
B in |
C at |
D while |
12) |
A a |
B what |
C some |
D the |
13) |
A look |
B watch |
C see |
D regard |
14) |
A to |
B from |
C at |
D and |
15) |
A there |
B it |
C enough |
D time |
Key points |
1 Check in a dictionary to be sure that a noun is countable or uncountable. |
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The meaning of a noun may change depending on whether it is used in a |
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countable or uncountable sense. |
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Note that some nouns ending in -5 take a singular verb: |
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The news is bad today |
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And that some nouns only have a plural form: |
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The police are arriving shortly. |
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SEE ALSO |
124
Explanations
Indefinite article |
• With something we refer to for the first time. |
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{a/an) |
I've just had a great idea. |
I'll give you a call next week. |
•With one of a group of things.
Shall we choose a book from this catalogue?
•Where we use an adjective to describe a noun.
Cairo is a very big city. |
It's a beautiful day. |
•With someone's job.
Peter is a truck driver.
•With singular fractions, group numbers and large numbers.
one and a half kilos |
a dozen eggs |
a hundred envelopes |
•Meaning per.
He was doing ninety miles an hour.
Julie earns £500 a week.
Definite article |
• With nouns we have mentioned previously. |
(the) |
There is a bedroom and a living room. The bedroom is quite large. |
•With nouns we mention for the first time, but where it is clear which person or thing we are talking about.
Can you pass the marmalade?
My life changed completely after the war.
•Where there is only one of something. It is clear which one we are talking about.
The moon is full tonight.
•With nouns followed by a descriptive phrase, which makes them definite.
This is the man I told you about.
See also the examples in brackets in the next section, paragraphs 4 and 7. This category includes proper names with a descriptive phrase. Compare with the next section, paragraph 2:
London Bridge BUT the Tower of London
•With national groups.
The British drink far too much tea.
•With classes of people.
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer.
125
FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE
•With individual items which represent a class.
The lion is fast disappearing.
•With names of musical instruments that we can play.
7 can't play the piano but I can play the guitar.
•With some geographical names. In particular: oceans, seas, rivers, canals and
regions. |
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The Thames flows into the North Sea. |
the Arctic |
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Also with plural countries, |
or where the country name contains a noun. |
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the Netherlands |
the |
People's Republic of China |
•With superlatives, ordinals, the same, the only.
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This is the best. |
You are the first. |
This is the only one. |
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• |
With media. |
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What's on (the) television? |
I went to |
the cinema. |
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Zero article |
• |
With uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns when we are talking |
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(no article) |
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generally. |
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Give peace a chance. |
Football is life. |
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I hate wasps. |
All he |
talks about is cars. |
•With most continents, countries, states, islands, mountains, lakes, cities, parks, roads and streets, squares, bridges, palaces, castles, cathedrals, stations and airports.
We live in France. We took the train from Paddington Station to Bath.
But see previous section, paragraph 9, for geographical names that use the definite article.
•With company names, years, months, days and special times of the year.
She works for Lufthansa. |
I'll see you in January. |
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- With names of meals when we are talking generally. |
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It's time for lunch. |
(BUT The lunch I had at Cafe Sol was good value.) |
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What's for dinner? |
(BUT The dinner Sue gave us last night was delicious.) |
•With unique jobs or roles (the definite article is also possible in these cases).
Jim is (the) chairman of the company.
•With prepositions of place with certain buildings, where the purpose of the building is more important than the place itself.
Sally is in prison. |
(she's a prisoner) |
Sally is in the prison. |
(she's a visitor to that specific building) |
Similar are: bed, church, |
class, court, hospital, school, university |
- With means of transport when we are talking generally. |
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We went there by car. |
(BUT We went there in the car that Alex borrowed.) |
Note that if we use in or on, we need an indefinite article.
We went there in a car/on a bus.
126
G R A M M A R 2 2 ARTICLES
Put a/an or the in each space, or leave the space blank.
a) |
We went by |
/.. |
- train to |
the |
west of England. |
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b) |
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people who live in |
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Netherlands are called |
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Dutch. |
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c) |
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judge sent me to |
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prison for |
ten |
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years. |
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d) |
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Columbus was one of |
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first people to cross |
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Atlantic. |
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e) |
As |
captain of |
ship, I have |
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complete authority. |
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f) |
David learned to play |
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violin when he was at |
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university. |
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g) |
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Trafalgar Square is near |
Charing Cross Station. |
h) |
Did you read |
book I lent you |
last week? |
i) |
We'll put up |
shelves and then go to |
cafe for |
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something to eat. |
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j) |
Is that |
present Bill gave you for |
Christmas? |
2Underline the most suitable phrase in each sentence.
a)Is this a person/the person you told me about?
b)This is the only cinema/an only cinema in the area.
c)Philip has just bought the Thames barge/a Thames barge.
d)I'm going to the British Museum/British Museum this afternoon.
e)Are you going to church/the church on Sunday?
f)Do you have a milk jug/milk jug?
g)The Prime Minister/Prime Minister will give a speech this afternoon.
h)The computer/Computer has already changed our lives dramatically.
i)I haven't been to an open-air theatre/open-air theatre before.
j)Here is a thousand pounds/the thousand pounds I owe you.
127